References
- ACACE. 1979. “Towards Continuing Education: A Discussion Paper.” Leicester: Advisory Council for Adult and Continuing Education.
- ACACE. 1980. “Present Imperfect: A Discussion Paper on the Current Trends in Adult Education and the Issues to Be Met in the Next Few Years.” Leicester: Advisory Council for Adult and Continuing Education.
- ACACE. 1982. Continuing Education: From Policies to Practice. A Report on the Future Development of Continuing Education for Adults in England and Wales. Leicester: Advisory Council for Adult and Continuing Education.
- Acemoglu, D., and S. Johnson. 2023. Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
- Anderson, J., and L. Rainie. 2020. Many Experts Say Digital Disruption Will Hurt Democracy. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
- Arrieta, T. 2023. “Austerity in the United Kingdom and Its Legacy: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The Economic & Labour Relations Review 33 (2): 238–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/10353046221083051.
- Baker, C., and E. Kirk-Wade. 2023. “Mental Health Statistics: Prevalence, Services and Funding in England.” Commons Library Research Briefing 13.
- Baker, R. E., A. S. Mahmud, I. F. Miller, M. Rajeev, F. Rasambainarivo, B. L. Rice, and C. J. E. Metcalf. 2022. “Infectious Disease in an Era of Global Change.” Nature Reviews Microbiology 20 (4): 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-021-00639-z.
- Bélanger, P. 2016. Self-Construction and Social Transformation: Lifelong, Lifewide and Life-Deep Learning. Translated by A. P. Daigen. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
- Brady, B., R. J. Chaskin, and C. McGregor. 2020. “Promoting Civic and Political Engagement Among Marginalized Urban Youth in Three Cities: Strategies and Challenges.” Children and Youth Services Review 116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105184.
- CBI. 2019. Employers and Lifelong Learning: The Importance of Upskilling and Retraining in a Modern Economy. London: Confederation of British Industry.
- Centenary Commission on Adult Education. 2019. “A Permanent National Necessity…”: Adult Education and Lifelong Learning for 21st Century Britain. Nottingham: University of Nottingham School of Education.
- Centre for Social Justice. 2019. The Future of Work: A Vision for the National Retraining Scheme. Part III: Building a Workforce for the Future. London: Centre for Social Justice.
- Civic University Commission. 2018. Civic University Commission Progress Report. London: UPP Foundation.
- Civic University Commission. 2019. Truly Civic: Strengthening the Connection Between Universities and Their Places. The Final Report of the UPP Foundation Civic University Commission. London: UPP Foundation.
- Council of the European Union. 2021. “Council Resolution on a New European Agenda for Adult Learning 2021-2030.” Official Journal of the European Union C504:9–20.
- Curtice, J., and A. Scholes. 2021. “Democracy: Brexit, the Pandemic and Trust and Confidence in Government.” In British Social Attitudes: The 38th Report, edited by E. Clery, J. Curtice, S. Frankenburg, H. Morgan, and S. Reid. London: The National Centre for Social Research.
- Delors, J., I. Al Mufti, I. Amagi, R. Carneiro, F. Chung, B. Geremek, and N. Zhou. 1996. Learning: The Treasure Within: Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century. Paris: UNESCO.
- Department for Business Innovation and Skills. 2010. Skills for Sustainable Growth: Strategy Document. London: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.
- Department for Education and Employment. 1998. The Learning Age: A Renaissance for a New Britain (Cm 3790). London: HMSO.
- Department for Education and Employment. 1999. Learning to Succeed: A New Framework for Post-16 Learning (Cm 4392). London: HMSO.
- Department for Education and Skills. 2003. 21st Century Skills: Realising Our Potential. Individuals, Employers, Nation (Cm 5810). London: The Stationery Office.
- Department for Innovation Universities and Skills. 2007. World Class Skills: Implementing the Leitch Review of Skills in England. London: HMSO.
- Department of Education and Science. 1973. Adult Education: A Plan for Development. Report of a Committee of Inquiry Appointed by the Secretary of State for Education and Science Under the Chairmanship of Sir Lionel Russell, CBE. London: HMSO.
- Desjardins, R. 2017. The Political Economy of Adult Learning Systems: Alternative Strategies, Policies and the Coordination of Constraints. London: Bloomsbury.
- Dommett, K. 2021. “The Inter-Institutional Impact of Digital Platform Companies on Democracy: A Case Study of the UK media’s Digital Campaigning Coverage.” New Media & Society 25 (10): 2763–2780. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211028546.
- Dorling, D. 2018. Peak Inequality: Britain’s Ticking Time Bomb. Bristol: Policy Press.
- Dorling, D. 2022. “Austerity Led to Twice As Many Excess UK Deaths As Previously Thought – here’s What That Means for Future Cuts.” The Conversation. October 6.
- Dorling, D. 2023. Shattered Nation: Inequality and the Geography of a Failing State. London: Verso.
- European Commission. 1995. “Teaching and Learning: Towards the Learning Society (White Paper on Education and Training).” Luxembourg: Office of Official Publications of the European Union.
- Faure, E., F. Herrera, A.-R. Kaddoura, H. Lopes, A. V. Petrovsky, M. Rahnema, and F. C. Ward. 1972. Learning to Be: The World of Education Today and Tomorrow. Paris: UNESCO.
- Gagne, T., I. Schoon, A. McMunn, and A. Sacker. 2022. “Mental Distress Among Young Adults in Great Britain: Long-Term Trends and Early Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 57 (6): 1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02194-7.
- Goldblatt, P. 2024. Health Inequalities, Lives Cut Short. London: UCL Institute of Health Equity.
- Goldin, C., and L. F. Katz. 2008. The Race Between Education and Technology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Gray, M., and A. Barford. 2018. “The Depths of the Cuts: The Uneven Geography of Local Government Austerity.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy & Society 11 (3): 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy019.
- Harris, M. 2018. “UK Civil Society: Changes and Challenges in the Age of New Public Governance and the Marketized Welfare State.” Nonprofit Policy Forum 8 (4): 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2017-0017.
- Heydecker, R., H. Ormston, and J. Wallace. 2022. GDWe: A Spotlight on Democratic Wellbeing. Dunfermline: Carnegie United Kingdom Trust.
- Hill, A. 2023. “Children Raised Under UK Austerity Shorter Than European Peers, Study Finds.” The Guardian. June 21. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jun/21/children-raised-under-uk-austerity-shorter-than-european-peers-study.
- House of Commons Education Committee. 2020. A Plan for an Adult Skills and Lifelong Learning Revolution: Third Report of Session 2019–21. London: House of Commons.
- House of Commons Education Committee. 2021. A Plan for an Adult Skills and Lifelong Learning Revolution: Government Response to the Committee’s Third Report. London: House of Commons.
- ILO. 2023. The ILO Strategy on Skills and Lifelong Learning 2030. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
- Independent Commission on Lifelong Learning. 2019. Personal Education and Skills Accounts: Recommendations from the Independent Commission on Lifelong Learning. London: Independent Commission on Lifelong Learning.
- Ipbes, Daszak, P. Amuasi, J. Das Neves, C. G, D. Hayman, T. Kuiken, and H. T. Ngo. 2020. Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics. Bonn: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES).
- IPCC. 2023a. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- IPCC. 2023b. “Summary for Policymakers. In IPCC. (Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, edited by H. Lee and J. Romero, 1–34. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- James, T. S. 2023. UK Democracy Under Strain: Democratic Backsliding and Strengthening 2019-2023. London: Unlock Democracy.
- Jenkins, R. H., S. Aliabadi, E. P. Vamos, D. Taylor-Robinson, S. Wickham, C. Millett, and A. A. Laverty. 2021. “The Relationship Between Austerity and Food Insecurity in the UK: A Systematic Review.” EClinicalMedicine 33:100781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100781.
- Korinek, A., M. Schindler, and J. E. Stiglitz. 2021. Technological Progress, Artificial Intelligence, and Inclusive Growth. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
- Labour Party. 2019a. It’s Time for Real Change: The Labour Party Manifesto 2019. London: The Labour Party.
- Labour Party. 2019b. Lifelong Learning Commission: Interim Report. London: The Labour Party.
- Leitch, A. C. 2005. Skills in the UK: The Long-Term Challenge. Leitch Review of Skills Interim Report. London: HMSO.
- Leitch, A. C. 2006. Prosperity for All in the Global Economy - World Class Skills. Leitch Review of Skills Final Report. London: HMSO.
- Lido, C., K. Reid, and M. Osborne. 2019. “Lifewide Learning in the City: Novel Big Data Approaches to Exploring Learning with Large-Scale Surveys, GPS, and Social Media.” Oxford Review of Education 45 (2): 279–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2018.1554531.
- Lohr, S. 2022. “Economists Pin More Blame on Tech for Rising Inequality”. TheNew York Times. Accessed January 11, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/11/technology/income-inequality-technology.html.
- Mahase, E. 2023. “Government Must Get a “Firmer grip” on Mental Health Crisis, Says Watchdog.” BMJ: British Medical Journal 380:324. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p324.
- Marani, M., G. G. Katul, W. K. Pan, and A. J. Parolari. 2021. “Intensity and Frequency of Extreme Novel Epidemics.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (35). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105482118.
- Martin, S., F. Longo, J. Lomas, and K. Claxton. 2021. “Causal Impact of Social Care, Public Health and Healthcare Expenditure on Mortality in England: Cross-Sectional Evidence for 2013/2014.” British Medical Journal Open 11 (10): e046417. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046417.
- Ministry of Education. 1954. The Organisation and Finance of Adult Education in England and Wales (Report of the Ashby Committee). London: HMSO.
- Ministry of Reconstruction. 1919. Adult Education Committee: Final Report (Cmd 321). London: HMSO.
- National Audit Office. 2023. Progress in Improving Mental Health Services in England. London: House of Commons.
- Nations, United 1948. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: United Nations.
- OECD. 1996. Lifelong Learning for All. OECD ed. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- OECD. 2019. Getting Skills Right: Future-Ready Adult Learning Systems. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
- Russell, L. 1973. Adult Education: A Plan for Development. Report of a Committee of Inquiry Appointed by the Secretary of State for Education and Science Under the Chairmanship of Sir Lionel Russell, CBE. London: HMSO.
- Schuller, T. 2017. What Are the Wider Benefits of Learning Across the Life Course?. London: Government Office for Science.
- Schuller, T., A. Brassett-Grundy, A. Green, C. Hammond, and J. Preston. 2002. Learning, Continuity and Change in Adult Life. Institute of Education Centre for Research on the Wider Benefits of Learning.
- Schuller, T., J. Bynner, A. Green, L. Blackwell, C. Hammond, J. Preston, and M. Gough. 2001. Modelling and Measuring the Wider Benefits of Learning: A Synthesis. London: Institute of Education.
- Schuller, T., and R. Desjardins. 2007. Understanding the Social Outcomes of Learning. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development.
- Schuller, T., J. Preston, C. Hammond, A. Brassett-Grundy, and J. Bynner. 2004. The Benefits of Learning: The Impact of Education on Health, Family Life and Social Capital. Abingdon: Routledge Falmer.
- Scottish Education Department. 1975. Adult Education: The Challenge of Change. Report by a Committee of Inquiry Appointed by the Secretary of State for Scotland Under the Chairmanship of Professor K.J.W. Alexander. Edinburgh: HMSO.
- Social Mobility Commission. 2019. The Adult Skills Gap: Is Falling Investment in UK Adults Stalling Social Mobility? London: Social Mobility Commission.
- Stuckler, D., A. Reeves, R. Loopstra, M. Karanikolos, and M. McKee. 2017. “Austerity and Health: The Impact in the UK and Europe.” European Journal of Public Health 27 (suppl_4): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx167.
- Tuckett, A. 2017. “The Rise and Fall of Life-Wide Learning for Adults in England.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 36 (1–2): 230–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2017.1274546.
- Uberoi, E., and N. Johnston. 2022. Political Disengagement in the UK: Who Is Disengaged?. London: House of Commons Library.
- UNESCO. 2015. Rethinking Education: Towards a Global Common Good?. Paris: UNESCO.
- UNESCO. 2020. Embracing a Culture of Lifelong Learning: Contribution to the Futures of Education Initiative. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
- UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. 2022. 5th Global Report on Adult Learning and Education. Citizenship Education: Empowering Adults for Change. Hamburg: UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning.
- United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/publications/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf.
- United Nations. 2020. “The Technological Revolution: Winners and Losers.” In World Social Report 2020, 57–80. New York: United Nations.
- Walsh, D., R. Dundas, G. McCartney, M. Gibson, and R. Seaman. 2022. “Bearing the Burden of Austerity: How Do Changing Mortality Rates in the UK Compare Between Men and Women?” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 76 (12): 1027–1033. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2022-219645.
- Watkins, J., W. Wulaningsih, C. Da Zhou, D. C. Marshall, G. D. C. Sylianteng, P. G. Dela Rosa, and M. Maruthappu. 2017. “Effects of Health and Social Care Spending Constraints on Mortality in England: A Time Trend Analysis.” British Medical Journal Open 7 (11): e017722. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017722.
- Watson, David, and Tom Schuller. 2009. Learning Through Life: Inquiry into the Future for Lifelong Learning. London: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education.
- Younge, G. 2024. “Small Island.” New York Review of Books 71 (5): 6–8. https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2024/03/21/small-island-gary-younge/.