Attentional deficits in patients with post-concussion symptoms: a componential perspective

References

• BROOKS, D. N. andMCKINLAY,W.: Return to work within the first seven years of severe head injury. Brain Injury, 1: 5–15, 1987.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROBERTSON I. H., RIDGEWAY,V., GREENFIELD, E. et al.: Motor recovery after stroke depends on intact sustained attention: a 2-year follow-up study. Neuropsychology, 11: 290–295, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GENTILINI, M., NICHELLI, P., SCHOENHUBE R. et al.: Neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 48: 137–140, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVIN H. S., MAI'llS, S., RUFF, R. M. et al.: Neurobehavioural outcome following minor head injury: a three-centre study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 66: 234–243, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• LEININGER, B. E., GRAMLING, S. E. and FARREL, A. D.: Neuropsychological deficits in sympto-matic minor head injury patients after concussion and mild concussion. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 53: 293–296, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BINDER, L. M.: A review of mild head injury: Part II. Clinical irnplications.Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19: 529–533, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• BINDER, L. M., ROHLING, M. L. S. and LARRABEE, G. J.: A review of mild head injury: Part I. Meta-analytical review of neuropsychological studies. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 19: 421–431, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAUGLE, R.: Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in adults. In: E. D. Bigler (editor) Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Damage, Assessment, Intervention, and Outcome (Austin, TX: Pro-ed), pp. 69–103, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• MANDEL, S.: Minor head injury may not be a 'minor'. Postgraduate Medicine, 85: 213–225, 1989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOHNEN N., JOLLES, J. and'IWIJNSTRA, A.: Neuropsychological deficits in patients with persistent symptoms six months after mild head injury. Neurosurgery, 30: 692–696, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• DIKMEN S., MCLEAN A. andTEMKIN N.: Neuropsychological and psychosocial consequences of minor head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 49: 1227–1232, 1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIKMEN S. S., TEMKIN N. and ARMSDEN G.: Neuropsychological recovery: relationship to psychosocial functioning and postconcussional complaints. In: H. S. Levin, H. M. Eisenberg, and A. L. Benton (editors) Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 229–241, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• CICERONE, K. D. and KALMAR, K.: Persistent postconcussion syndrome: the structure of sub-jective complaints after mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 10: 1–17, 1995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOHNEN N., JOTIFS, J., TWIJNSTRA, A. et al.: Late neurobehavioural symptoms after mild head injury. Brain Injury, 9: 27–33, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• VAN ZOMEREN A. H. and BROUWER, W. H.: Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention (New York: Oxford University Press), 1994.
   Google Scholar
• WHYTE, J., POLANSICY, M., FLEMING, M. et al.: Sustained arousal and attention after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 33: 797–813, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARASURAMAN R. andDAVIS, D. R. (editors): Varieties of Attention (New York: Academic Press), 1984.
   Google Scholar
• POSNER, M. I. and PETERSEN S. E.: The attention system of the human brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 13: 25–42, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• WHYTE, J.: Attention and arousal: basic science aspects. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 73: 940–949, 1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROADBENT D. E.: Perception and Communication (London: Pergamon Press), 1958.
   Google Scholar
• BROADBENT D. E.: Decision and Stress (London: Academic Press), 1971.
   Google Scholar
• DEUTSCH, J. A. and DEUTSCH, D.: Attention: some theoretical considerations. Psychological Review, 70: 80–90, 1963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORMAN D.: Attention and memory: an introduction to information processing (New York: Wiley), 1969.
   Google Scholar
• HIRST,W.: The psychology of attention. In: J. E. LeDoux and W. Hirst (editors) Mind and brain: dialogues in cognitive neuroscience (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 105–141, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• KOELEGA, H. S.: Sustained attention. In 0. Neuman and A. F. Saunders (editors) Handbook of Perception and Action. Vol. 3: Attention (San Diego: Academic Press), pp. 277–331, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER,W. and SHEERIN R. M.: Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84: 1–66, 1977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIFFRIN R. M. and SCHNEIDER,W.: Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84: 127–190, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• KAHNEMAN D.: Attention and effort (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall), 1973.
   Google Scholar
• WICKENS, C. D.: Engineering Psychology and Human Performance (Columbus, OH: Merrill), 1984.
   Google Scholar
• SHALLICE, T.: From neuropsychology to mental structure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 1988.
   Google Scholar
• SOHLBERG, M. M. and MAIEER, C. A.: Introduction to Cognitive Rehabilitation: Theory and Practice (New York: The Guilford Press), 1989.
   Google Scholar
• MIRSKY, A. F.: Disorders of attention: a neuropscyhological perspective. In R. G. Lyon and N. A. Krasnegor (editors) Attention, Memory, and Execution Function (Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.), pp. 71–93, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• HIRST, W., SPELKE, E. S., REAVES, C. C. et al.: Dividing attention without alternation or auto-maticity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109: 98–117, 1980.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHALLICE, T.: Specific impairments of planning. In: D. E. Broadbent and L. Weiskrantz (editors) The Neuropsychology of Cognitive Function (London: The Royal Society), pp. 199–209, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• BADDELEY, A.: Working Memory (New York: Oxford University Press), 1986.
   Google Scholar
• SHALLICE, T. and BURGESS, P. W.: Deficits in strategy applications following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114: 727–741, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STUSS, D. T. and BENSON D. F.: The frontal lobes (New York: Raven Press), 1986.
   Google Scholar
• LEON-CARRION J.: Rehabilitation and assessment: old tasks revisited for computerized neuro-psychological assessment. In J. Leon-Carrion (editor) Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Direction (Delray Beach, FL: Lucie Press), pp. 47–61, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• MIRSKY, A. F.: Behavioural and psychophysiological markers of disordered attention. Environmental Health Perspectives, 74: 191–199, 1987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MIRSKY, A. F., ANTHONY, B. J., DUNCAN C. C. et al.: Analysis of the elements of attention: a neuropsychological approach Neuropsychology Review, 2: 109–145, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• KERNS, K. A. andMAIEER, C. A.: Walking and chewing gum: the impact of attentional capacity on everyday activities. In R. J. Sbordone and C. J. Long (editors) Ecological Validity of Neuropsychological Testing (Delray Beach, FL: GR Press/St. Lucie Press), pp. 147–169, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• LURI A. R.: The Working Brain: An Introduction to Neuropsychology (New York: Basic Books), 1973.
   Google Scholar
• ROBBINS, T. W.: Psychopharmacological and neurobiological aspects of the energetics of infor-mation process. In G. R. Hockey, A. W. K. Gaillard and M. G. H. Coles (editors) Energetics and Human Information Processing (Dordrecht: Maritnus Nijhoff), pp. 71–90, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• MCGUINESS, D. andPRIBRAM, K. H.: The neuropsychology of attention: emotional and motiva-tional controls. In: M. C. Witrock (editor) The brain and psychology (New York: Academic Press), pp. 95–139, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• PRIBRAM, K. H. and MCGUINESS, D.: Arousal, activation, and effort in the control of attention. Psychological Review, 82: 116–149, 1975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAUS, T., ZATORRE, R. J., HOFLE, H. et al.: Time-related changes in neural systems underlying attention and arousal during the performance of an auditory vigilance task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscienc es, 9: 392–408, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CABEZA, R. andNYBERG L.: Imaging cognition: an empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9: 1–26, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARDO, J. V., PARDO, P. J., JANER, K. W. et al.: The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in the Stroop attentional conflict paradigm. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 87: 256–259, 1990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COULL, J. T.: Neural correlates of attention and arousal: insights from electrophysiology, func-tional neuroimaging and psychpharmacology. Progress in Neurobiology, 55: 343–361, 1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENEDICTI R. H. B., LOCKWOOD, A. H., SHUCARD, J. L. et al.: Functional neuroirnaging of attention in the auditory modality. Neuroreport, 9: 121–126, 1998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REZAI, K., A NDREASH\; N. C., ALLIGER, R. et al.: The neuropsychology of the prefrontal cortex. Archives of Neurology, 50: 636–642, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• TEASDALE, G. and JENETT, B.: Assessment of coma and impaired concussion: a practical scale. Lancet, 2: 81–84, 1974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALVES,W. M., COLOHAN, A. R. T., O'LEARY, T. J. et al.: Understanding posttraumatic symptoms after minor head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1: 1–12, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• BINDER, L. M.: Persisting symptoms after mild head injury: a review of the postconcussive syndrome. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8: 323–346, 1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALVES, W. M., MACCIOCCHI, S. N. and BARTH, J. T.: Postconcussive symptoms after uncompli-cated mild head injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8: 48–59, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• RIMEL, R., CIORDANI, B., BARTH," et al.: Disability caused by minor head injury. Neurosurgery, 9: 221–228, 1981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JACOBSON R. R.: The post-concussional syndrome: physiogenesis, psychogenesis and malinger-ing. An integrative model. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39: 675–693, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GENNARELLI, T. A.: Mechanisms and pathophysiology of cerebral concussions. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 1: 23–29, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJ URY COMMITTEE OF THE HEAD INJURY INTERDISCIPLINARY SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE: Definition of mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 8: 86–87, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• VANZOMEREN A. H.: Reaction time and attention after closed head injury (Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, B. V.), 1981.
   Google Scholar
• MILLER, H.: Accident neurosis. British Medical Journal, 1: 919, 1961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OPPENHEIMER, D. R.: Microscopic lesions in the brain following head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 31: 299–306, 1968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRIICH, S. J.: Shearing of nerve fibres as a cause of brain damage due to head injury: a pathological study of twenty cases. Lancet, ii: 443–448, 1961.
   Google Scholar
• KING, N. S.: Mild head injury: neuropathology, sequelae, measurement and recovery. Literature review. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36: 161–184, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• VAN ZOMEREN A. H., BROUWER, W. H. and DFFI MAN, B. G.: Attentional deficits: the riddles of selectivity, speed, and alertness. In: N. Brooks (editor) Closed Head Injury: Psychological, Social, and Family Consequences (New York: Oxford University), pp. 74–107, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• MARSH, N. V. and SMYTH, M. D.: Post-concussion and the coping hypothesis. Brain Injury, 9: 553–562, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILKINS, A. J., SHALLICE, T. and MCCARTHY, R.: Frontal lesions and sustained attention. Neuropsychologia, 25: 359–365, 1987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENCH, C. J., GRASBY, P. M., FRISION K. J. et al.: Investigations of the functional anatomy of attention using the Stroop Test. Neuropsychologia, 31: 907–922, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• MANLY, T. and ROBERTSOI•; I. H.: Sustained attention and the frontal lobes. In P. Rabbit (editor) Methodology of Frontal and Executive Function (East Sussex: Psychology Press), pp. 135–153.
   Google Scholar
• S TABLUM, F., LEONARDI, G., M AZZOLDI, M. et al.: Attention and control deficits following closed head injury. Cortex, 30: 603–618, 1994.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRONWALL, D. M. A. and SAMPSON H.: The psychological effects of concussion (Auckland: Auckland University Press), 1974.
   Google Scholar
• STUSS, D. T., STETHEM, L. L., HUGENHOLTZ, H. et al.: Reaction time after head injury: fatigue, divided and focused attention, and consistency of performance. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 52: 742–748, 1989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIKMAN J. M., VAN ZOMEREN A. H. and DFFIMAN B. G.: Deficits of attention after closed-head injury: slowness only? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18: 755–767, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBERTSON I. H., MANLY, T., ANDRADE, J. et al.: `Oops!': performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35: 747–758, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STUSS, D. T., POGUE, J., BUCKLE, L. et al.: Characterization of stability of performance in patients with traumatic brain injury: variability and consistency on reaction time tests. Neuropsychology, 8: 316–324, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• DENCKER, S. J. andL OFVING, B. A.: A psychometric study of identical twins discordant for closed head injury. Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, 33\(Supplement 122): 1–50, 1958.
   Google Scholar
• PARASURAMAN R., MUTTER, S. A. and MOLLOY, R.: Sustained attention following mild closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13: 789–811, 1991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHYTE, J., POLANSICY, M., FLEMING, M. et al.: Phasic arousal in response to auditory warnings after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychologia, 35: 313–324, 1997.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• L °KEN W. J., THORNTON A. E., 0110, R. L. et al.: Sustained attention after severe closed head injury. Neuropsychology, 9: 592–598, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• MANLY, T., ROBERTSON I. H., GALLOWAY, M. et al.: The absent mind: further investigations of sustained attention to response. Neuropsychologia, 37: 661–670, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• STRDOP, J. R.: Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18: 643–662, 1935.
   Google Scholar
• STUSS, D. T., ELY, P., HUGENHOLTZ, H. et al.: Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. Neurosurgery, 17: 41–47, 1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PONSFORD, J. and KINSELLA, G.: Attentional deficits following closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14: 822–838, 1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCLEAN A., DIKMEN S. S. and TEMKIN N. R.: Psychosocial recovery after head injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74: 1041–1046, 1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDSON J. T. E.: The effects of closed head injury upon intrusions and confusions in free recall. Cortex, 20: 413–420, 1984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDSON J. T. E. and SNAPE,W.: The effects of closed head injury upon human memory: an experimental analysis. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 1: 217–231, 1984.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCLEAN A., TEMKIN N. R., DICKMEN, S. S. et al.: The behavioural sequelae of head injury. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5: 361–376, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• VAN ZOMEREN A. H. and BROUWER., W. H.: Head injury and concepts of attention. In: H. S. Levin, J. Grafman and H. M. Eisenberg (editors) Neuro behavioural Recovery from Head (New York: Oxford University Press Injury), pp. 398–415, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• GRONWALL, D. M.: Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 44: 367–373, 1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRONWALL, D. M. and WRIGHTSON P.: Delayed recovery of intellectual function after minor head injury. Lancet, ii: 605–609, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• GRONWALL, D. M. and WRIGHTSON P.: Cumulative effect of concussion. Lancet, ii: 995–997, 1975.
   Google Scholar
• CICERONE, K. D.: Attention deficits and dual task demands after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 10: 79–89, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MELAMED, M. M., RAHAMANI, L., GREENSTEIN Y. et al.: Divided attention in brain-injured patients. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 12(Supplement): 16–20, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• OWEN A. M., DOWNES, J. J., SAHAKIAN B. J. et al.: Planning and spatial working memory following frontal lobe lesions in man. Neuropsychologia, 28: 1021–1034, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• FODOR, J. A.: The modularity of mind (MA: MIT Press), 1983.
   Google Scholar
• STUSS, D. T., SHALLICE, T., ALEXANDER, M. P. et al.: A multidisciplinary approach to anterior attentional functions. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 769: 191–211, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POSNER, M. I. and RAICHLE, M. E.: Images of mind (New York: Scientific American Library), 1994.
   Google Scholar
• MALEC, J. F., MACHULDA, M. M. and SMIGIELSKI, J. S.: Cluster analysis of neuropsychological test results among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI): implications for a model of TBI-related disability. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7: 48–58, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• BRAND, E. F. J. M., DAS-SMAAL, E. A. and DEJONG, P. F.: Subtypes of children with attention disabilities. Child Neuropsychology, 2: 109–122, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• MORRIS, R. D. and FLETCHER," M.: Classification in neuropsychology: a theoretical framework and research paradigm. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10: 640–658, 1988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar