The effects of Donepezil on traumatic brain injury acute rehabilitation outcomes

References

• MAX, W. M. E., MACKENZM, E. J. and RICE, D. P.: Head injuries: costs and consequences. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 6: 76–91, 1991.
   Google Scholar
• HELLAWELL, D. J., TAYLOR, R. T. and PENTLAND, B.: Cognitive and psychosocial outcome following moderate or severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 13: 489–504, 1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIXON, C. E., MA, X. and MARION, D. W.: Reduced evoked release of acetylcholine in the rodent neocortex following traumatic brain injury. Brain Research, 749: 127–130, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARCINIEGAS, D., ADLER, L., TOPKOFF, J. et al.: Attention and memory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: cholinergic mechanisms, sensory gating, and a hypothesis for further investigation. Brain Injury, 13: 1–13, 1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHITLOCK, J. A., JR: Brain injury, cognitive impairment, and donepezil. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 14: 424–427, 1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEWAR, D. and GRAHAM, D. I.: Depletion of choline acetyltransferase activity but preservation of M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor binding sites in temporal cortex following head injury: a preliminary human postmortem study. Journal of Neurotrauma, 13: 181–187, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• MuRnocH, I., PERRY, E. K., COURT, J. A. et al.: Cortical cholinergic dysfunction after human head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 15: 295–305, 1998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROGERS, S. L. and FRIEDHOFF, L. T.: The efficacy and safety of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a US multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Donepezil Study Group. Dementia, 7: 293–303, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• VAN REEKUM, R., BLACK, S. E., CONN, D. et al.: Cognition-enhancing drugs in dementia: a guide to the near future. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42 (Suppl 1): 35S-50S, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERS, S. L., DOODY, R. S., MoHs, R. C. et al.: Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer disease: a 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Donepezil Study Group. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158: 1021–1031, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERS, S. L., FARLow, M. R., DOODY, R. S. et al.: A 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil Study Group. Neurology, 50: 136–145, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• CUMMINGS, J. L. K. D.: Neuropsychiatric aspects of Alzheimer's disease: the cholinergic hypothesisrevisited. Neurology, 47: 876–883, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• CUMMINGS, J. L.: Cholinesterase inhibitors: a new class of psychotropic compounds. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157: 4–15, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVIN, H. S., PETERS, B. H., KAusKY, Z. et al.: Effects of oral physostigmine and lecithin on memory and attention in closed head-injured patients. Central Nervous System Trauma, 3: 333–342, 1986.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MCLEAN, A., JR, STANTON, K. M., CARDENAS, D. D. et al.: Memory training combined with the use of oral physostigmine. Brain Injury, 1: 145–159, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• CARDENAS, D. D., MCLEAN, A., JR, FARRELL-ROBERTS, L. et al.: Oral physostigmine and impaired memory in adults with brain injury. Brain Injury, 8: 579–587, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• WIRRowsm, E., PROHOVNIK, I. and YOUNG, W. L.: Observations on the physostigmine syndrome in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 3: 73–75, 1991.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MASANIC, C. A., BAYLEY, M. T., VANREEKUM, R. et al.: Open-label study of donepezil in traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 82: 896–901, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLOUNT, P., NGUYEN, C. and MCDEAVITT, J.: Clinical use of cholinomimetic agents: a review. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 17: 314–321, 2002.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TAVERN!, J. P., SELIGER, G. and LICHTMAN, S. W.: Donepezil medicated memory improvement in traumatic brain injury during post acute rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 12: 77–80, 1998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WHELAN, F. J., WALKER, M. S. and SCHULTZ, S. K.: Donepezil in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction associated with traumatic brain injury. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 12: 131–135, 2000.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARF: Standards Manual and Interpretive Guidelines for Medical Rehabilitation (Tucson, AZ: CARF), 2002.
   Google Scholar
• SALAZAR, A. M.: Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program. Brain Injury Source, 3: 8–10, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• SALAZAR, A. M., ZITNAY, G. A., WARDEN, D. L. et al.: Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program: background and overview. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15: 1081–1091, 2000.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TABACHNICK, B. G. and FIDEL L. S.: Using Multivariate Statistics, 2nd edn (New York: Harper Collins), 1989.
   Google Scholar
• GRANGER, C. V., HAMILTON, B. B., LINACRE, J. M. et al.: Performance profiles of the Functional Independence Measure. Archives of Physical Rehabilitation, 72: 84–89, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• HEINEMANN, A. W., LINACRE, J. M., WRIGHT, B. D. et al.: Relationships between impairment and physical disability as measured by the Functional Independence Measure. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 74: 566–573, 1993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINACRE, J. M., HEINEMANN, A. W., WRIGHT, B. D. et al.: The structure and stability of the Functional Independence Measure. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 75: 127–132, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OTTENBACHER, K. J., Hsu, Y., GRANGER, C. V. et al.: The reliability of the Functional Independence Measure: a quantitative review. Archives of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, 77: 1226–1232, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAYS, W. L.: Statistics, 5th edn (New York: Harcourt Brace), 1994.
   Google Scholar