The effect of impact location on brain strain

References

• Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2006;21(5):375–78. doi:10.1097/00001199-200609000-00001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott MR, Margulies SS, Maltese MR, Arbogast KB. Accounting for sampling variability, injury under-reporting, and sensor error in concussion injury risk curves. J Biomech [Internet]. 2015; 48(12):3059–65. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sye G, Sullivan SJ, McCrory P, Milne C. High school rugby players’ understanding of concussion and return to play guidelines. commentary. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. 2006; 40(12):1003–05. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.020511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowson S, Duma SM. Brain injury prediction: assessing the combined probability of concussion using linear and rotational head acceleration. Ann Biomed Eng [Internet]. 2013; 41(5):873–82. doi:10.1007/s10439-012-0731-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Tucker AM, Casson IR, Valadka AB, Maroon JC, Bailes JE, Kelly DF, Levy ML. Concussion in professional football: location and direction of helmet impacts - part 2. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(6):1328–41. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000093499.20604.21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh AS, Patton D, Fréchède B, Pierré PA, Ferry E, Barthels T. The biomechanics of concussion in unhelmeted football players in Australia: a case-control study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(5):e005078. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post A, Blaine Hoshizaki T, Gilchrist MD, Cusimano MD. Peak linear and rotational acceleration magnitude and duration effects on maximum principal strain in the corpus callosum for sport impacts. J Biomech. [ Internet] 2017;61:183–92. DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.07.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton DA, Mcintosh AS, Kleiven S. The biomechanical determinants of concussion : finite element simulations to investigate brain tissue deformations during sporting impacts to the unprotected head. J Appl Biomech. 2013;29:721–30. doi:10.1123/jab.29.6.721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoganandan N, Li J, Zhang J, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA. Influence of angular acceleration – deceleration pulse shapes on regional brain strains. J Biomech. 2008;41:2253–62. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabler LF, Crandall JR, Panzer MB. Investigating brain injury tolerance in the sagittal plane using a finite element model of the human head. Int J Automot Eng. 2016;7:37–43.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiven S Finite Element Modeling of the Human Head. Doctoral Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Jan 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Dokko Y, Anderson R, Manavis J, Blumburgs P, McLean J, Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. Validation of the human head FE model against pedestrian accident and its tentative application to the examination of the existing tolerance curve. Enhanc Saf Veh. 2003;322.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy WN, Mason MJ, Foster CD, Shah CS, Kopacz JM, Yang H, King AI, Bishop J, Bey M. A study of the response of the human cadaver head to impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;51:17–80.
   Google Scholar
• Mao H, Zhang L, Jiang B, Genthikatti VV, Jin X, Zhu F, Makwana R, Gill A, Jandir G, Singh A, et al. Development of a finite element human head model partially validated with thirty five experimental cases. J Biomech Eng. [ Internet] 2013;135(11):111002. doi:10.1115/1.4025101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiven S, Hardy WN. Correlation of an FE model of the human head with local brain motion–consequences for injury prediction. Stapp Car Crash J [Internet]. 2002;46(November):123–44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17096222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bain AC, Meaney DF. Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental model of central nervous system white matter injury. J Biomech Eng [Internet]. 2000;122(6):615. doi:10.1115/1.1324667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez F, Wu LC, Yip MC, Laksari K, Hoffman AR, Lopez JR, Grant GA, Kleiven S, Camarillo DB. Six degree-of-freedom measurements of human mild traumatic brain injury. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015;43(8):1918–34. doi:10.1007/s10439-014-1212-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulies SS, Thibault LE. A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man. J Biomech. 1992;25(8):917–23. doi:10.1016/0021-9290(92)90231-O.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabet AA, Christoforou E, Zatlin B, Genin GM, Bayly PV. Deformation of the human brain induced by mild angular head acceleration. J Biomech. 2008;41(2):307–15. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.09.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flashman LA, Paulsen K, Greenwald RM. Maximum principal strain and strain rate associated with concussion diagnosis correlates with changes in corpus callosum white matter indices. Ann Biomed Eng. 2015;40(1):127–40.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng. [ Internet] 2004;126(2):226–36. doi:10.1115/1.1691446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Zhang L, King AI, Yang KH. Concussion in professional football: brain responses by finite element analysis: part 9. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(5):891–915. doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000186950.54075.3B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Yang KH, Dwarampudi R, Omori K, Li T, Chang K, Hardy WN, Khalil TB, King AI. Recent advances in brain injury research: a new human head model development and validation [internet]. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001; [cited 2015 Nov 11]. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liying_Zhang2/publication/6369949_Recent_advances_in_brain_injury_research_a_new_human_head_model_development_and_validation/links/54297ca30cf26120b7b7fef7.pdf.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reynolds BB, Patrie J, Henry EJ, Goodkin HP, Broshek DK, Wintermark M, Druzgal TJ. Quantifying head impacts in Collegiate Lacrosse. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44(11):2947–56. doi:10.1177/0363546516648442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds BB, Patrie J, Henry EJ, Goodkin HP, Broshek DK, Wintermark M, Druzgal TJ. Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football. J Neurosurg. [ Internet] 2015;124(2):501–10. http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2015.5.JNS15573?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub=pubmed.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgartner D, Willinger R. Numerical modeling of the human head under impact: new injury mechanisms and tolerance limits. IUTAM Proc Impact Biomech from Fundam Insights to Appl. 2005;124:195–203.
   Google Scholar
• Bain AC, Meaney DF, Hall H. Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an nervous system white matter injury. J Biomech Eng. 2000;122(December): doi:10.1115/1.1324667.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meaney DF, Smith DH, Shreiber DI, Allison C, Miller RT, Ross DT, Gennarelli TA. Experimental injury. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1995;12:4.
   Google Scholar
• Nahum AM, Smith R, Ward CC. Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. 1977. http://papers.sae.org/770922/.
   Google Scholar
• Elkin BS, Gabler LF, Panzer MB, Siegmund GP. Brain tissue strains vary with head impact location: A possible explanation for increased concussion risk in struck versus striking football players. Clin Biomech. [ Internet] 2018;(2017). doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.03.021.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabet AA, Christoforou E, Zatlin B, Genin GM, Philip V, Bayly PV, Philip V. Deformation of the human brain induced by mild angular head acceleration. Comput (Long Beach Calif). 2008;41(2):307–15.
   Google Scholar
• Post A, Blaine Hoshizaki T. Rotational acceleration, brain tissue strain, and the relationship to concussion. J Biomech Eng. [ Internet] 2015; 137(3):030801. doi:10.1115/1.4028983.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King A, Yang K, Zhang L. Is head injury caused by linear or angular acceleration. IRCOBI Conf. [ Internet] 2003;(September):1–12. http://snell-helmets.org/docs/articles/hic/King_IRCOBI_2003.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Kendall M, Post A, Gilchrist MD. A comparison of dynamic impact response and brain deformation metrics within the cerebrum of head impact reconstructions representing three mechanisms of head injury in ice hockey. Int Res Counc Biomech Inj. 2012;40:430–440.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor CA, Bell JM, Breiding MJ, Xu L. Traumatic brain injury–related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths — United States, 2007 and 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. [ Internet] 2017;66(9):1–16. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6609a1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh AS, McCrory P, Comerford J. The dynamics of concussive head impacts in rugby and Australian rules football. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(12):1980–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar