420
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Patients’ recovery after severe TBI is associated with their close relatives’ interpersonal functioning: a 12-months prospective cohort study

, &
Pages 766-774 | Received 06 Oct 2019, Accepted 05 Apr 2020, Published online: 27 Apr 2020

References

  • Walder B, Haller G, Rebetez MML, Delhumeau C, Bottequin E, Schoettker P, Ravussin P, Brodmann Maeder M, Stover JF, Zürcher M. Severe traumatic brain injury in a high-income country: an epidemiological study. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(23):1934–42. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.2955.
  • Peeters W, van den Brande R, Polinder S, Brazinova A, Steyerberg EW, Lingsma HF, Maas AIR. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2015;157(10):1683–96.doi:10.1007/s00701-015-2512-7.
  • Faul M, Coronado V. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:3–13.
  • National Institute of Health. How do health care providers diagnose traumatic brain injury (TBI)?; [updated 2016 Dec 1; accessed 2018 Nov 4] https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/tbi/conditioninfo/diagnose.
  • Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974;304(7872):81–84. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0.
  • Wilson L, Stewart W, Dams-O’Connor K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Horton L, Menon DK, Polinder S. The chronic and evolving neurological consequences of traumatic brain injury. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(10):813–25.doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30279-X.
  • Masel BE, DeWitt DS. Traumatic brain injury: a disease process, not an event. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27(8):1529–40. doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1358.
  • Tagliaferri F, Compagnone C, Korsic M, Servadei F, Kraus J. A systematic review of brain injury epidemiology in Europe. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2006;148(3):255–68. doi:10.1007/s00701-005-0651-y.
  • Langlois JA, Sattin RW. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: research and programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005;20(3):187. doi:10.1097/00001199-200505000-00001.
  • Thurman DJ, Alverson C, Dunn KA, Guerrero J, Sniezek JE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a public health perspective. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1999;14(6):602–15. doi:10.1097/00001199-199912000-00009.
  • Nampiaparampil DE. Prevalence of chronic pain after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Jama. 2008;300(6):711–19. doi:10.1001/jama.300.6.711.
  • Rabinowitz AR, Levin HS. Cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2014;37(1):1. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.11.004.
  • Riggio S. Traumatic brain injury and its neurobehavioral sequelae. Psychiatric Clinics. 2010;33(4):807–19. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.08.004.
  • Arciniegas DB, Wortzel HS. Emotional and behavioral dyscontrol after traumatic brain injury. Psychiatric Clinics. 2014;37(1):31–53. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.12.001.
  • Bombardier CH, Fann JR, Temkin NR, Esselman PC, Barber J, Dikmen SS. Rates of major depressive disorder and clinical outcomes following traumatic brain injury. Jama. 2010;303(19):1938–45. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.599.
  • Bhalerao SU, Geurtjens C, Thomas GR, Kitamura CR, Zhou C, Marlborough M. Understanding the neuropsychiatric consequences associated with significant traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2013;27(7–8):767–74. doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.793396.
  • Polinder S, Haagsma JA, van Klaveren D, Steyerberg EW, Van Beeck EF. Health-related quality of life after TBI: a systematic review of study design, instruments, measurement properties, and outcome. Popul Health Metr. 2015;13(1):4. doi:10.1186/s12963-015-0037-1.
  • Iaccarino MA, Bhatnagar S, Zafonte R. Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:411.
  • Haller CS, Delhumeau C, De Pretto M, Schumacher R, Pielmaier L, Rebetez MML, Haller G, Walder B. Trajectory of disability and quality-of-life in non-geriatric and geriatric survivors after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2017;31(3):319–28.doi:10.1080/02699052.2016.1255777.
  • Bosma CM, Mansoor N, Haller CS. Association of posttraumatic stress symptom severity with health-related quality of life and self-reported functioning across 12 months after severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(8):1576–83. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.02.008.
  • Schumacher R, Walder B, Delhumeau C, Müri RM. Predictors of inpatient (neuro) rehabilitation after acute care of severe traumatic brain injury: an epidemiological study. Brain Injury. 2016;30(10):1186–93. doi:10.1080/02699052.2016.1183821.
  • Miller L. Family therapy of brain injury: syndromes, strategies, and solutions. Am J Family Ther. 1993;21(2):111–21. doi:10.1080/01926189308250910.
  • Tramonti F, Bongioanni P, Bonfiglio L, Rossi B, Carboncini MC. Systemic-oriented psychological counselling for caregivers of people with severe brain injury: reflections on a clinical case. Contemp Fam Ther. 2017;39(2):73–79. doi:10.1007/s10591-017-9405-2.
  • Ramkumar NA, Elliott TR. Family caregiving of persons following neurotrauma: issues in research, service and policy. NeuroRehabilitation. 2010;27(1):105–12. doi:10.3233/NRE-2010-0585.
  • Kreutzer JS, Kolakowsky-Hayner SA, Ripley D, Cifu DX, Rosenthal M, Bushnik T, Zafonte R, Englander J, High WM. Charges and lengths of stay for acute and inpatient rehabilitation treatment of traumatic brain injury 1990?1996. Brain Injury. 2001;15(9):763–74.doi:10.1080/02699050010025786.
  • Inanspruchnahme der stationären Versorgung. [Internet]. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2015 [accessed 2018 Sep 14]. http://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe10/ergebnisse.prc_tab?fid=9068&suchstring=&query_id=&sprache=D&fund_typ=TAB&methode=&vt=&verwandte=1&page_ret=0&seite=1&p_lfd_nr=1&p_news=&p_sprachkz=D&p_uid=gast&p_aid=79071815&hlp_nr=2&p_janein=J.
  • Groswasser Z. A national service: coma to community. In: Chamberlain MA, Neumann V, Tennant A, editors. Traumatic brain injury rehabilitation: services, treatments, and outcomes.1996: 25-36. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Thornhill S, Teasdale GM, Murray GD, McEwen J, Roy CW, Penny KI. Disability in young people and adults one year after head injury: prospective cohort study. Bmj. 2000;320(7250):1631–35. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7250.1631.
  • Brooks DN, Campsie L, Symington C, Beattie A, McKinlay W. The five year outcome of severe blunt head injury: a relative’s view. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 1986;49(7):764. doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.7.764.
  • Caplan B, Bogner J, Brenner L, Manskow US, Sigurdardottir S, Røe C, Andelic N, Skandsen T, Damsgård E, Elmståhl S. Factors affecting caregiver burden 1 year after severe traumatic brain injury: A prospective nationwide multicenter study. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015;30(6):411–23.doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000085.
  • Doser K, Norup A. Caregiver burden in Danish family members of patients with severe brain injury: the chronic phase. Brain Injury. 2016;30(3):334–42. doi:10.3109/02699052.2015.1114143.
  • Leach L, Frank RG, Bouman D, Farmer J. Family functioning, social support and depression after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 1994;8(7):599–606. doi:10.3109/02699059409151012.
  • Baalen BV, Ribbers GM, Medema-Meulepas D, Pas MS, Odding E, Stam HJ. Being restricted in participation after a traumatic brain injury is negatively associated by passive coping style of the caregiver. Brain Injury. 2007;21(9):925–31. doi:10.1080/02699050701553197.
  • Haller CS. Twelve-month prospective cohort study of patients with severe traumatic brain injury and their relatives: coping, satisfaction with life and neurological functioning. Brain Injury. 2017;31(13–14):1903–09. doi:10.1080/02699052.2017.1346295.
  • Sander AM, Caroselli JS, Jr WMH, Becker C, Neese L, Scheibel R. Relationship of family functioning to progress in a post-acute rehabilitation programme following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2002;16(8):649–57. doi:10.1080/02699050210128889.
  • Williamson MLC, Elliott TR, Berry JW, Underhill AT, Stavrinos D, Fine PR. Predictors of health-related quality-of-life following traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2013;27(9):992–99. doi:10.3109/02699052.2013.801512.
  • Vangel JS, Rapport JL, Hanks AR. Effects of family and caregiver psychosocial functioning on outcomes in persons with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2011;26(1):20–29. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e318204a70d.
  • Lehan T, Arango-Lasprilla JC. de los Reyes CJ, Quijano MC. The Ties that Bind: The Relationship between Caregiver Burden and the Neuropsychological Functioning of TBI Survivors. NeuroRehabilitation-An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2012;30(1):87.
  • Haller CS. The relatives’ big five personality influences the trajectories of recovery of patients after severe TBI: A multilevel analysis. J Pers. 2017;85(4):481–93. doi:10.1111/jopy.12254.
  • Haller CS, Bosma CM, Kapur K, Zafonte R, Langer EJ. Mindful creativity matters: trajectories of reported functioning after severe traumatic brain injury as a function of mindful creativity in patients’ relatives: a multilevel analysis. Quality of Life Research. 2017;26(4):893–902. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1416-1.
  • Borgaro SR, Prigatano GP. Modification of the Patient Competency Rating Scale for use on an acute neurorehabilitation unit: the PCRS-NR. Brain Injury. 2003;17(10):847–53. doi:10.1080/0269905031000089350.
  • Haller CS, Walder B. Definitions, epidemiology and outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury in high-income countries – a narrative review. Swiss Arch Neurol Psychiatr Psychother. 2016;167(4):114–19.
  • Haller CS. Mindful Creativity Scale (MCS): validation of a German version of the langer mindfulness scale with patients with severe TBI and controls. Brain Injury. 2015;29(4):517–26. doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.989906.
  • Levin HS, High WM, Goethe KE, Sisson RA, Overall JE, Rhoades HM, Eisenberg HMKalisky ZVI. 1987. The neurobehavioural rating scale: assessment of the behavioural sequelae of head injury by the clinician. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 50(2). 183–93. doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.2.183.
  • Grote S, Böcker W, Mutschler W, Bouillon B, Lefering R. Diagnostic value of the glasgow coma scale for traumatic brain injury in 18,002 patients with severe multiple injuries. J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(4):527–34. doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1433.
  • Zuercher M, Ummenhofer W, Baltussen A, Walder B. The use of Glasgow Coma Scale in injury assessment: a critical review. Brain Injury. 2009;23(5):371–84. doi:10.1080/02699050902926267.
  • Uchino BN. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. J Behav Med. 2006;29(4):377–87. doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5.
  • Eisenberger NI, Taylor SE, Gable SL, Hilmert CJ, Lieberman MD. Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses. Neuroimage. 2007;35(4):1601–12. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.038.
  • McEwen BS. Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1032(1):1–7. doi:10.1196/annals.1314.001.
  • Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D, Doyle WJ, Miller GE, Frank E, Rabin BS, Turner RB. Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2012;109(16):5995–99.doi:10.1073/pnas.1118355109.
  • Collins NL, Feeney BC. A safe haven: an attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;78(6):1053. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1053.
  • Spiegel D, Kimerling R. Group psychotherapy for women with breast cancer: relationships among social support, emotional expression, and survival. In: Ryff CD, Singer B, editors. Emotion, social relationships, and health, 2001:97–123. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Feeney BC, Collins NL. A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2015;19(2):113–47. doi:10.1177/1088868314544222.
  • Jones JM, Haslam SA, Jetten J, Williams WH, Morris R, Saroyan S. That which doesn’t kill us can make us stronger (and more satisfied with life): the contribution of personal and social changes to well-being after acquired brain injury. Psychol Health. 2011;26(3):353–69. doi:10.1080/08870440903440699.
  • Sasse N, Gibbons H, Wilson L, Martinez-Olivera R, Schmidt H, Hasselhorn M, Von Wild K, Von Steinbüchel N. Self-awareness and health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2013;28(6):464–72.doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e318263977d.
  • Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220–33. doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003.
  • Ware JE, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B. SF-12v2: how to score version 2 of the SF-12 health survey. Massachusetts Lincoln, Rhode Island: Quality Metric Incorporated Health Assessment Lab Boston; 2002.
  • Gandek B, Ware JE, Aaronson NK, Apolone G, Bjorner JB, Brazier JE, Bullinger M, Kaasa S, Leplege A, Prieto L. Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries: results from the IQOLA Project. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51(11):1171–78.doi:10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00109-7.
  • Wilson JL, Pettigrew LE, Teasdale GM. Structured interviews for the Glasgow outcome scale and the extended glasgow outcome scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma. 1998;15(8):573–85. doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.573.
  • Garthe E, States JD, Mango NK. Abbreviated injury scale unification: the case for a unified injury system for global use. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 1999;47(2):309–23. doi:10.1097/00005373-199908000-00016.
  • Medicine A. The abbreviated injury scale 1990 revision update 1998. Barrington, IL: Des Plaines; 2001.
  • Gujral IB. Understanding the association between the abbreviated injury scale score for the head region and outcomes following traumatic brain injury, Colorado 1998–2000 [Ph.D.]. Ann Arbor: Colorado State University; 2007.
  • Laird NM, Ware JH. Random- effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982;38:4. doi:10.2307/2529876.
  • Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D. R Core Team. nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models; 2018.
  • Johnson CL, Resch JA, Elliott TR, Villarreal V, Kwok O-M, Berry JW, Underhill AT. Family satisfaction predicts life satisfaction trajectories over the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Rehabil Psychol. 2010;55(2):180–87.doi:10.1037/a0019480.
  • Berry JW, Elliott TR, Grant JS, Edwards G, Fine PR. Does problem-solving training for family caregivers benefit their care recipients with severe disabilities? A latent growth model of the project CLUES randomized clinical trial. Rehabil Psychol. 2012;57(2):98–112. doi:10.1037/a0028229.
  • Rivara JB, Jaffe KM, Fay GC, Polissar NL, Martin KM, Shurtleff HA, Liao S. Family functioning and injury severity as predictors of child functioning one year following traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74(10):1047.doi:10.1016/0003-9993(93)90060-N.
  • Gelman A. Data analysis using regression and multilevel/hierarchical models, Hill J, editor. Cambridge: New York, 2007.
  • Kwok O-M, Underhill AT, Berry JW, Luo W, Elliott TR, Yoon M. Analyzing longitudinal data with multilevel models: an example with individuals living with lower extremity intra-articular fractures. Rehabil Psychol. 2008;53(3):370–86. doi:10.1037/a0012765.
  • Gad AM, Abdelkhalek RHM. Imputation methods for longitudinal data: a comparative study. Int J Stati Distribut Appl. 2017;3(4):72–80. doi:10.11648/j.ijsd.20170304.13.
  • Spratt M, Carpenter J, Sterne JAC, Carlin JB, Heron J, Henderson J, Tilling K. Strategies for multiple imputation in longitudinal studies. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(4):478–87. doi:10.1093/aje/kwq137.
  • Honaker J, King G, Blackwell M. Amelia II: a program for missing data. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(7):1–47. doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i07.
  • Norup A, Welling K-L, Qvist J, Siert L, Mortensen EL. Depression, anxiety and quality-of-life among relatives of patients with severe brain injury: the acute phase. Brain Injury. 2012;26(10):1192–200. doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.672790.
  • Kersel DA, Marsh NV, Havill JH, Sleigh JW. Psychosocial functioning during the year following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. 2001;15(8):683–96. doi:10.1080/02699050010013662.
  • Sander AM, Struchen MA. Interpersonal relationships and traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2011;26(1):1–3. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3182068588.
  • Temkin NR, Corrigan JD, Dikmen SS, Machamer J. Social functioning after traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2009;24(6):460–67. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181c13413.
  • Hoofien D, Gilboa A, Vakil E, Donovick PJ. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 10? 20 years later: a comprehensive outcome study of psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning. Brain Injury. 2001;15(3):189–209. doi:10.1080/026990501300005659.
  • Kozloff R. Networks of social support and the outcome from severe head injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1987;2(3):14–23. doi:10.1097/00001199-198709000-00004.
  • Morton M, Wehman P. Psychosocial and emotional sequelae of individuals with traumatic brain injury: a literature review and recommendations. Brain Injury. 1995;9(1):81–92. doi:10.3109/02699059509004574.
  • Salas CE, Casassus M, Rowlands L, Pimm S, Flanagan DA. “Relating through sameness”: a qualitative study of friendship and social isolation in chronic traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2018;28(7):1161–78. doi:10.1080/09602011.2016.1247730.
  • Pelletier P, Alfano D. Depression, social support, and family coping following traumatic brain injury. Brain Cogn. 2000;44(1):45–49.
  • Tomberg T, Toomela A, Ennok M, Tikk A. Changes in coping strategies, social support, optimism and health-related quality of life following traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal study. Brain Injury. 2005;19(14):1181–90. doi:10.1080/02699050500150153.
  • Iob E, Kirschbaum C, Steptoe A. Positive and negative social support and HPA-axis hyperactivity: evidence from glucocorticoids in human hair. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018;96:100–08. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.06.008.
  • Seckl JR. Glucocorticoids, developmental ‘programming’and the risk of affective dysfunction. Prog Brain Res. 2007;167:17–34.
  • Griesbach GS, Hovda D, Molteni R, Wu A, Gomez-Pinilla F. Voluntary exercise following traumatic brain injury: brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation and recovery of function. Neuroscience. 2004;125(1):129–39. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.030.
  • Su YS, Veeravagu A, Grant G Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury. 2016.
  • Dominique J-F, Roozendaal B, McGaugh JL. Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature. 1998;394(6695):787. doi:10.1038/29542.
  • Lupien SJ, McEwen BS, Gunnar MR, Heim C. Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Revi Neurosci. 2009;10(6):434. doi:10.1038/nrn2639.
  • Haller CS, Walder B. Severe neurotrauma in Switzerland: have short-term outcomes improved? Swiss Med Wkly. 2015;145:w14177–w. doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14177.
  • Rosenthal M, Young T. Effective family intervention after traumatic brain injury: theory and practice. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1988;3(4):42–50. doi:10.1097/00001199-198812000-00007.
  • Zarski JJ, Hall DE, DePompei R. Closed head injury patients: A family therapy approach to the rehabilitation process. Am J Family Ther. 1987;15(1): 62–68.
  • Minuchin P. Families and individual development: provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Dev. 1985;56(2):289–302. doi:10.2307/1129720.
  • Leaf LE. Traumatic brain injury: affecting family recovery. Brain Injury. 1993;7(6):543–46. doi:10.3109/02699059309008182.
  • Gan C, Schuller R. Family system outcome following acquired brain injury: clinical and research perspectives. Brain Injury. 2002;16(4):311–22. doi:10.1080/02699050110104426.
  • Gan C, Campbell KA, Gemeinhardt M, McFadden GT. Predictors of family system functioning after brain injury. Brain Injury. 2006;20(6):587–600. doi:10.1080/02699050600743725.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.