References
- Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM. The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 2006 Sep;21(5):375–78.
- McCrea M, Hammeke T, Olsen G, Leo P, Guskiewicz K. Unreported concussion in high school football players: implications for prevention. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2004 Jan;14(1):13–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200401000-00003.
- Brooks BL, Silverberg N, Maxwell B, Mannix R, Zafonte R, Berkner PD, and Iverson GL . Investigating effects of sex differences and prior concussions on symptom reporting and cognition among adolescent soccer players. Am J Sports Med. 2018 Mar;46(4):961–68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517749588.
- Curry AE, Arbogast KB, Metzger KB, Kessler RS, Breiding MJ, Haarbauer-Krupa J, DePadilla L, Greenspan A, Master CL . Risk of repeat concussion among patients diagnosed at a pediatric care network. J Pediatr. 2019 Jul;210:13–19.e2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.04.001.
- Brooks MA, Peterson K, Biese K, Sanfilippo J, Heiderscheit BC, Bell DR. Concussion increases odds of sustaining a lower extremity musculoskeletal injury after return to play among collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2016 Mar;44(3):742–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515622387.
- Lynall RC, Mauntel TC, Padua DA, and Mihalik JP. Acute lower extremity injury rates increase after concussion in college athletes Medicine and science in sports and exercise . 2015 Dec;47(12):2487–92.
- Fralick M, Thiruchelvam D, Tien HC, Redelmeier DA. Risk of suicide after a concussion. CMAJ. 2016 Apr 19;188(7):497–504. doi: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.150790.
- Kontos AP, Covassin T, Elbin RJ, Parker T. Depression and neurocognitive performance after concussion among male and female high school and collegiate athletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Oct;93(10):1751–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.03.032.
- Weber ML, Suggs DW, Bierema L, Miller LS, Reifsteck F, Schmidt JD. Collegiate student-athlete sex, years of sport eligibility completed, and sport contact level influence on concussion reporting intentions and behaviours. Brain Injury. 2019 Apr 16;33(5):592–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1568573.
- Lininger MR, Wayment HA, Huffman AH, Craig DI, Irving LH. An exploratory study on concussion-reporting behaviors from collegiate student athletes’ perspectives. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2017 Mar 1;9(2):71–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20161116-01.
- Register-Mihalik JK, Cameron KL, Kay MC, Kerr ZY, Peck KY, Houston MN, Linnan LA, Hennink-Kaminski H, Gildner P, Svoboda SJ, et al. Determinants of intention to disclose concussion symptoms in a population of U.S. military cadets. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2019 May;22(5):509–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.11.003.
- Baugh CM, Kroshus E, Perry KI, Bourlas AP. Concussion management plans’ compliance with NCAA requirements: preliminary evidence suggesting possible improvement. J Law Med Ethics. 2017 Jun;45(2):231–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110517720652.
- Kerr ZY, Register-Mihalik JK, Marshall SW, Evenson KR, Mihalik JP, Guskiewicz KM. Disclosure and non-disclosure of concussion and concussion symptoms in athletes: review and application of the socio-ecological framework. Brain Injury. 2014 Jul;28(8):1009–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2014.904049.
- Asken BM, McCrea MA, Clugston JR, Snyder AR, Houck ZM, Bauer RM. “Playing through it”: delayed reporting and removal from athletic activity after concussion predicts prolonged recovery. J Athl Train. 2016 Apr;51(4):329–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.5.02.
- Baugh CM, Bourlas AP, and Perry KI. Requiring athletes to acknowledge receipt of concussion-related information and responsibility to report symptoms: a study of the prevalence, variation, and possible improvements. J Law, Med & Ethics. 2014;42(3):297–313.
- Kroshus E, Daneshvar DH, Baugh CM, Nowinski CJ, Cantu RC. NCAA concussion education in ice hockey: an ineffective mandate. Br J Sports Med. 2014 Jan;48(2):135–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092498.
- Kroshus E, Baugh CM, Daneshvar DH, Viswanath K. Understanding concussion reporting using a model based on the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2014 Mar;54(3):269–274.e2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.11.011.
- Register-Mihalik J, Baugh C, Kroshus E, Kerr Y, Z V, McLeod TC. A multifactorial approach to sport-related concussion prevention and education: application of the socioecological framework. J Athl Train. 2017 Mar;52(3):195–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.02.
- Foster CA, D’Lauro C, Johnson BR. A social dilemma model of information self-disclosure, applied to the concussion domain. Journal of Concussion. 2019 Jan;3:205970021988287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2059700219882876.
- Foster CA, D’Lauro C, Johnson BR. Pilots and athletes: different concerns, similar concussion non-disclosure. Capraro V, editor. PLoS ONE. 2019 May 1;14(5):e0215030. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215030.
- Sarmiento K, Donnell Z, Hoffman R. A scoping review to address the culture of concussion in youth and high school sports. J School Health. 2017 Oct;87(10):790–804. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12552.
- Baugh CM, Kroshus E, Kiernan PT, Mendel D, Meehan WP. Football players’ perceptions of future risk of concussion and concussion-related health outcomes. J Neurotrauma. 2017 Feb 15;34(4):790–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4585.
- Brooks BL, Kadoura B, Turley B, Crawford S, Mikrogianakis A, Barlow KM. Perception of recovery after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury is influenced by the “Good old days” bias: tangible implications for clinical practice and outcomes research. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 2014 Mar 1;29(2):186–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/act083.
- Register-Mihalik JK, Valovich Mcleod TC, Linnan LA, Guskiewicz KM, Marshall SW. Relationship between concussion history and concussion knowledge, attitudes, and disclosure behavior in high school athletes. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2017 May;27(3):321–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000349.
- Shatte ABR, Hutchinson DM, Teague SJ. Machine learning in mental health: a scoping review of methods and applications. Psychol Med. 2019 Jul;49(9):1426–48.
- Lee DD, Seung HS. Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization. Nature. 1999 Oct;401(6755):788–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/44565.
- Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J. The elements of statistical learning. New York: Springer; 2001.
- Boser BE, Guyon IM, Vapnik VN. A training algorithm for optimal margin classifiers. In: Proceedings of the fifth annual workshop on Computational learning theory - COLT ’92 [Internet]. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States: ACM Press; 1992 [cited 2021 Jun 22]. p. 144–52. Available from: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=130385.130401
- Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, McLeod TCV, Linnan LA, Mueller FO, Marshall SWK. Attitude, and concussion-reporting behaviors among high school athletes: a preliminary study. J Athl Train. 2013 Oct;48(5):645–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.20.
- Safety investigations and reports. US Air Force Instruction. 2006:91–204.
- McAllister-Deitrick J, Covassin T, Gould DR. Sport-related concussion knowledge among youth football players. Athletic Training & Sports Health Care. 2014 Nov 1;6(6):280–84. doi: https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20141112-03.
- Register-Mihalik JK, Linnan LA, Marshall SW, McLeod TCV, Mueller FO, Guskiewicz KM. Using theory to understand high school aged athletes’ intentions to report sport-related concussion: implications for concussion education initiatives. Brain Injury. 2013 Jul;27(7–8):878–86. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2013.775508.
- Azur MJ, Stuart EA, Frangakis C, Leaf PJ. Multiple imputation by chained equations: what is it and how does it work?: multiple imputation by chained equations. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2011 Mar;20(1):40–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.329.
- Kendzerska T, Gershon AS, Hawker G, Leung RS, Tomlinson G. Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long historical cohort study. Patel A, editor. PLoS Med. 2014 Feb 4;11(2):e1001599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001599.
- Berry KM, Fetterman JL, Benjamin EJ, Bhatnagar A, Barrington-Trimis JL, Leventhal AM, Stokes A . Association of electronic cigarette use with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarettes in US youths. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Feb 1;2(2):e187794. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7794.
- Murray JS. Multiple imputation: a review of practical and theoretical findings. Statist Sci. Internet]. 2018 May 1 [cited 2021 Jun 22];33(2). https://doi.org/10.1214/18-STS644.
- Bishop C. Pattern recognition and machine learning. Singapore: Springer; 2006.
- Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O, Blondel M, Prettenhofer P, Weiss R, Dubourg V, et al. Scikit-learn: machine learning in python. MACHINE LEARNING IN PYTHON:6.
- Chawla NV, Bowyer KW, Hall LO, Kegelmeyer WP. SMOTE: synthetic minority over-sampling technique. jair. 2002 Jun 1;16:321–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.953.
- Ward JH. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J Am Stat Assoc. 1963 Mar;58(301):236–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845.
- Fawcett T. An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recognit Lett. 2006 Jun;27(8):861–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.010.
- NCAA Sports medicine handbook. 2014-2015. [Internet]. NCAA; 2014 [cited 2021 Sep 27]. Available from: http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/MD15.pdf
- Kroshus E, Chrisman SPD, Milroy JJ, Baugh CM. History of concussion diagnosis, differences in concussion reporting behavior, and self-described reasons for non-report. J Clin Sport Psychol. 2020 Mar 1;14(1):41–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0036.
- Baugh CM, Meehan WP, Kroshus E, McGuire TG, Hatfield LA. College football players less likely to report concussions and other injuries with increased injury accumulation. J Neurotrauma. 2019 Jul;36(13):2065–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2018.6161.
- Baugh CM. Athlete concussion reporting: it is time to think bigger. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020 Jun;66(6):643–44.