Symptom resolution following a repeat concussion within the same athlete

References

• Veliz P, McCabe SE, Eckner JT, Schulenberg JE. Trends in the prevalence of concussion reported by US adolescents, 2016-2020. JAMA. 2021;325(17):1789–1791. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Refakis CA, Turner CD, Cahill PJ. Sports-related concussion in children and adolescents. Clin Spine Surg. 2017;30(5):191–96. doi:10.1097/BSD.0000000000000451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsushima WT, Siu AM, Ahn HJ, Chang BL, Murata NM. Incidence and risk of concussions in youth athletes: comparisons of age, sex, concussion history, sport, and football position. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2018;34(1):60–69. doi:10.1093/arclin/acy019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman SL, Apple RP, Odom MJ, Lee YM, Solomon GS, Sills AK. Effect of sex on symptoms and return to baseline in sport-related concussion: clinical article. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2014;13(1):72–81. doi:10.3171/2013.9.PEDS13257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal SS, Ott SD, Padhye NS, Schulz PE. Sex, race, ADHD, and prior concussions as predictors of concussion recovery in adolescents. Brain Inj. 2020;34(6):811–19. doi:10.1080/02699052.2020.1740942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Gammons M, Guskiewicz KM, Halstead M, Herring SA, Kutcher JS, Pana A, Putukian M, Roberts WO, et al. American medical society for sports medicine position statement: concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(1):15–26. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry DP, Huebschmann NA, Maxwell BA, Cook NE, Mannix R, Zafonte R, Seifert T, Berkner PD, Iverson GL. Preinjury migraine history as a risk factor for prolonged return to school and sports following concussion. J Neurotrauma. Published online August 2, 2018. doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legarreta AD, Brett BL, Solomon GS, Zuckerman SL. The role of family and personal psychiatric history in postconcussion syndrome following sport-related concussion: a story of compounding risk. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(3):238–43. doi:10.3171/2018.3.PEDS1850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerberich SG, Priest JD, Boen JR, Straub CP, Maxwell RE. Concussion incidences and severity in secondary school varsity football players. Am J Public Health. 1983;73(12):1370–1375. doi:10.2105/ajph.73.12.1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guskiewicz KM, Weaver NL, Padua DA, Garrett WE. Epidemiology of concussion in collegiate and high school football players. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(5):643–650. doi:10.1177/03635465000280050401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz MR, Marshall SW, Mueller FO, Yang J, Weaver NL, Kalsbeek WD, Bowling JM. Incidence and risk factors for concussion in high school athletes, North Carolina, 1996-1999. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160(10):937–44. doi:10.1093/aje/kwh304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis M, Krisko C, Selci E, Russell K. Effect of concussion history on symptom burden and recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;21(4):401–08. doi:10.3171/2017.9.PEDS17392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corwin DJ, Zonfrillo MR, Master CL, Arbogast KB, Grady MF, Robinson RL, Goodman AM, Wiebe DJ. Characteristics of prolonged concussion recovery in a pediatric subspecialty referral population. J Pediatr. 2014;165(6):1207–15. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.08.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg MA, Andrea J, Meehan W, Mannix R. Time interval between concussions and symptom duration. Pediatrics. 2013;132(1):8–17. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-0432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller JH, Gill C, Kuhn EN, Rocque BG, Menendez JY, O’Neill JA, Agee BS, Brown ST, Crowther M, Davis RD, et al. Predictors of delayed recovery following pediatric sports-related concussion: a case-control study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(4):491–496. doi:10.3171/2015.8.PEDS14332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guideline for Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury & Prolonged Symptoms. [accessed 2022 Feb 15]. https://braininjuryguidelines.org/concussion/fileadmin/pdf/Concussion_guideline_3rd_edition_final.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Iverson GL, Gardner AJ, Terry DP, Ponsford JL, Sills AK, Broshek DK, Solomon GS. Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(12):941–48. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slobounov S, Slobounov E, Sebastianelli W, Cao C, Newell K. Differential rate of recovery in athletes after first and second concussion episodes. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(2):338–344. discussion 344 doi:10.1227/01.NEU.0000280001.03578.FF.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French J, Jennings S, Eagle SR, Collins MW, Kontos AP. A within-subjects comparison of clinical outcomes for patients’ first and second concussions. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2021;36(2):114–19. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castile L, Collins CL, McIlvain NM, Comstock RD. The epidemiology of new versus recurrent sports concussions among high school athletes, 2005–2010. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(8):603–10. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan CD, Zuckerman SL, King LE, Beaird SE, Sills AK, Solomon GS. Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in a youth population: defining the diagnostic value and cost-utility of brain imaging. Childs Nerv Syst ChNS Off J Int Soc Pediatr Neurosurg. 2015;31(12):2305–2309. doi:10.1007/s00381-015-2916-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvořák J, Echemendia RJ, Engebretsen L, Feddermann-Demont N, McCrea M, Makdissi M, Patricios J, Schneider KJ, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(11):838–47. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O’Neal L, McLeod L, Delacqua G, Delacqua F, Kirby J, et al. The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–81. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontos AP, Elbin RJ, Schatz P, Covassin T, Henry L, Pardini J, Collins MW. A revised factor structure for the post-concussion symptom scale: baseline and postconcussion factors. Am J Sports Med. 2012;40(10):2375–84. doi:10.1177/0363546512455400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagle SR, Puligilla A, Fazio-Sumrok V, Kegel N, Collins MW, Kontos AP. Association of time to initial clinic visit with prolonged recovery in pediatric patients with concussion. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;26(2):165–70. doi:10.3171/2020.2.PEDS2025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meehan WP, Mannix R, Monuteaux MC, Stein CJ, Bachur RG. Early symptom burden predicts recovery after sport-related concussion. Neurology. 2014;83(24):2204–2210. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001073.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell LK, Davis GA, Gioia GA. What factors must be considered in ‘return to school’ following concussion and what strategies or accommodations should be followed? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(4):250–250. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill JA, Cox MK, Clay OJ, Johnston JM, Novack TA, Schwebel DC, Dreer LE. A review of the literature on pediatric concussions and return-to- learn (RTL): implications for RTL policy, research, and practice. Rehabil Psychol. 2017;62(3):300–23. doi:10.1037/rep0000155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Ierssel J, Ledoux AA, Tang K, Correll R, Yeates KO, Gioia G, Freedman SB, Sangha G, Boutis K, Beer D, et al. Symptom burden, school function, and physical activity one year following pediatric concussion. J Pediatr. 2021;228:190–8.e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie DW, Comstock RD, Fields SK, Cantu RC. A paired comparison of initial and recurrent concussions sustained by US high school athletes within a single athletic season. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2017;32(2):90–97. doi:10.1097/HTR.0000000000000240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echlin PS, Tator CH, Cusimano MD, Cantu RC, Taunton JE, Upshur REG, Czarnota M, Hall CR, Johnson AM, Forwell LA, et al. Return to play after an initial or recurrent concussion in a prospective study of physician-observed junior ice hockey concussions: implications for return to play after a concussion. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;29(5):E5. doi:10.3171/2010.9.FOCUS10210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrea M, Broglio S, McAllister T, Zhou W, Zhao S, Katz B, Kudela M, Harezlak J, Nelson L, Meier T, et al. Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA concussion study (1999–2001) and CARE consortium (2014–2017). Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(2):102–109. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2019-100579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar