References
- Ambrose, N. G., & Yairi, E. (1999). Normative disfluency data for early childhood stuttering. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 895–909.
- Ardilla, A., Ramos, E., & Barrocas, R. (2011). Patterns of stuttering in a Spanish/English bilingual: A case report. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 25, 23–36.
- Au-Yeung, J., Gomez, I. V., & Howell, P. (2003). Exchange of disfluency with age from function to content words in Spanish speakers who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 46, 754–765.
- Au-Yeung, J., Howell, P., & Pilgrim, L. (1998). Phonological words and stuttering on function words. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 41, 1019–1030.
- Bedore, L. M., Fiestas, C. E., Peña, E. D., & Nagy, V. J. (2006). Cross-language comparisons of maze use in Spanish and English in functionally monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 9(3), 233–247.
- Bernstein, N. E. (1981). Are there constraints on childhood disfluency?. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 6, 341–350.
- Bloodstein, O., & Gantwerk, B. F. (1967). Grammatical function in relation to stuttering in young children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 10, 786–789.
- Bloodstein, O., & Grossman, M. (1981). Early stutterings: Some aspects of their form and distribution. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 298–302.
- Bock, K., & Levelt, W. (1994). Language production and grammatical encoding. In M. Gernsbacher (Ed.), Handbook of psycholinguistics (pp. 945–984). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Brown, S. F. (1945). The loci of stutterings in the speech sequence. The Journal of Speech Disorders, 10, 181–192.
- Buhr, A., & Zebrowski, P. (2009). Sentence position and syntactic complexity of stuttering in early childhood: A longitudinal study. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 34, 155–172.
- Byrd, C. T., Bedore, L. M., & Ramos, D. (2015). The disfluent speech of bilingual Spanish-English children: Considerations for differential diagnosis of stuttering. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 46, 30–43.
- Byrd, C. T., Logan, K. J., & Gillam, R. B. (2012). Speech disfluency in school-age children’s conversational and narrative discourse. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 43, 153–163.
- Carias, S., & Ingram, D. (2006). Language and disfluency: Four case studies on Spanish-English bilingual children. Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 4, 149–157.
- Corver, N., & Van Riemsdijk, R. (2001). Semi-lexical categories. In N. Corver & R. Van Riemsdijk (Eds.), Semi-lexical categories: The function of content words and the content of function words (pp. 1–19). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter Mouton.
- Dworzynski, K., Howell, P., Au-Yeung, J., & Rommel, P. (2004). Stuttering on function and content words across age groups of German speakers who stutter. Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders, 2, 81–101.
- Goldstein, B., & Iglesias, A. (2006). Contextual probes of articulation competence in Spanish. Greenville, SC: SuperDuper.
- Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., & Kreiter, J. (2003). Understanding child bilingual acquisition using parent and teacher reports. Applied Psycholinguistics, 24, 267–288.
- Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Restrepo, M. A., Bedore, L., Peña, E., & Anderson, R. (2000). Language sample analysis in Spanish-speaking children: Methodological considerations. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 88–98.
- Howell, P. (2004). Assessment of some contemporary theories of stuttering that apply to spontaneous speech. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders, 31, 123–140.
- Howell, P., Au-Yeung, J., & Sackin, S. (1999). Exchange of stuttering from function words to content words with age. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 345–354.
- Mayer, M. (1967). A boy, a dog and a frog. New York, NY: Dial Press.
- Mayer, M. (1969). Frog, where are you? New York, NY: Dial Press.
- Mayer, M. (1973). Frog on his own. New York, NY: Dial Press.
- Mayer, M. (1974). Frog goes to dinner. New York, NY: Dial Press.
- Miller, B. (1992). Language sample analysis: The Wisconsin guide. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction.
- Miller, J., & Iglesias, A. (2012). Systematic analysis of language transcripts (SALT). Research Version 2012 [computer software]. Middleton, WI: SALT software, LLC.
- O’Brian, S., Packman, A., Onslow, M., & O’Brian, N. (2004). Measurement of stuttering in adults: Comparison of stuttering-rate and severity scaling measures. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47, 1081–1087.
- Peña, E. D., Gutiérrez-Clellen, V. F., Iglesias, A., Goldstein, B., & Bedore, L. M. (2014). BESA: Bilingual English Spanish Assessment. San Rafael, CA: AR Clinical Publications.
- Richels, C., Buhr, A., Conture, E., & Ntourou, K. (2010). Utterance complexity and stuttering on function words in preschool-age children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 35, 314–331.
- Schäfer, M., & Robb, M. P. (2012). Stuttering characteristics of German-English bilingual speakers. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 26, 597–612.
- Segalowitz, S. J., & Lane, K. C. (2000). Lexical access of function versus content words. Brain and Language, 75, 376–389.
- Stadler, M. A., & Ward, G. C. (2005). Supporting the narrative development of young children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33, 73–80.
- Taliancich-Klinger, C. L., Byrd, C. T., & Bedore, L. M. (2013). The disfluent speech of a Spanish–English bilingual child who stutters. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 27, 888–904.