1,121
Views
81
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Ability versus vulnerability: Beliefs about men's and women's emotional behaviour

, &
Pages 41-63 | Published online: 09 Sep 2010

References

  • Baanders , M. F. 1997 . The rules of the game. Emotion norms in daily life , University of Leiden . Unpublished doctoraldissertation
  • Brody , L. R. and Hall , J. A. 1993 . “ Gender and emotion ” . In Handbook of emotions , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Havil , J. M. 447 – 461 . New York : Guilford Press .
  • Brody , L. R. , Lovas , G. S. and Hay , D. H. 1995 . Gender differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context . Sex Roles , 32 : 47 – 79 .
  • Brody , L. R. 1997 . Gender and emotions: Beyond stereotypes . Journal of Social Issues , 53 : 369 – 394 .
  • Cornelius , R. R. 1982 . Weeping as social interaction: The interpersonal logic of the moist eye . Dissertation Abstracts International , 42 : 3491B – 3492B .
  • Crester , G. A. , Lombardo , W. K. , Lombardo , B. and Mathis , S. 1982 . Reactions to men and women who cry: A study of sex difference in perceived societal attitudes versus personal attitudes . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 55 : 479 – 486 .
  • Eagly , A. H. and Steffen , V. J. 1986 . Gender and aggressive behaviour. A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature . Psychological Bulletin , 100 : 309 – 330 .
  • Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1969 . The repertoire of non-verbal behavior: Origins, usage, and coding . Semiotica , 1 : 49 – 98 .
  • Fabes , R. A. and Martin , C. L. 1991 . Gender and age stereotypes of emotionality . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 5 : 532 – 540 .
  • Feldman Barrett , L. 1997 . The relationship among momentary emotion experiences, personality descriptions, and retrospective ratings of emotion . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 10 : 1100 – 1110 .
  • Feldman Barrett , L. , Robin , L. , Pietromonaco , P. R. and Eyssel , K. M. 1998 . Are women the “more emotional sex”? Evidence form emotional experiences in social context . Cognition and Emotion , 12 : 555 – 578 .
  • Fineman , S. 1997 . Emotion and management learning . Management-Learning , 28 : 13 – 25 .
  • Fischer , A. H. 1993 . Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype? . Feminism and Psychology , 3 : 303 – 318 .
  • Fischer , A. H. and Jansz , J. 1995 . Reconciling emotions with Western personhood . Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour , 25 : 59 – 81 .
  • Forsyth , D. R. 1995 . “ Norms ” . In The Blackwell encyclopedia of social psychology , Edited by: Manstead , A. S. R. and Hewstone , M. 413 – 417 . Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
  • Frodi , A. , Macaulay , J. and Thome , P. R. 1977 . Are women always less aggressive than men? A review of the experimental literature . Psychological Bulletin , 84 : 634 – 660 .
  • Goffman , E. 1961 . Encounters , Indianapolis , IN : Bobbs-Merill .
  • Goleman , D. 1995 . Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ , New York : Bantam .
  • Gordon , S. 1989 . “ The socialization of children's emotions: Emotional culture, competence, and exposure ” . In Children's understanding of emotion , Edited by: Saarni , C. and Harris , P. L. 319 – 349 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Graham , J. W. , Gentry , K. W. and Green , J. 1981 . The self-presentational nature of emotional expression: Some evidence . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 7 : 467 – 474 .
  • Grossman , M. and Wood , W. 1993 . Sex differences in the intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65 : 1010 – 1022 .
  • Harré , R. and Parrott , W. G. 1996 . The emotions: Social, cultural and biological dimensions , London : Sage .
  • Hochschild , A. 1983 . The managed heart , Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
  • Johnson , J. T. and Shulman , G. A. 1988 . More alike than meets the eye: Perceived gender differences in subjective experience and its display . Sex Roles , 19 : 67 – 79 .
  • Kring , A. M. and Gordon , A. M. 1998 . Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience and physiology . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74 : 686 – 703 .
  • Labott , S. M. , Martin , R. B. , Eason , P. S. and Berkey , E. Y. 1991 . Social reactions to the expression of emotion . Cognition and Emotion , 5 : 397 – 419 .
  • LaFrance , M. and Banaji , M. 1992 . “ Toward a reconsideration of the gender-emotion relationship ” . In Review of personality and social psychology. Vol. 14: Emotions and social behavior , Edited by: Clark , M. S. 178 – 202 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Lytton , H. and Romney , D. M. 1991 . Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A metaanalysis . Psychological Bulletin , 109 : 267 – 296 .
  • Miller , A. G. 1982 . the eye of the beholder: Contemporary issues in stereotyping , New York : Praeger .
  • Parkinson , B. 1991 . Emotional stylists: Strategies of expressive management among trainee hairdressers . Cognition and Emotion , 5 : 419 – 434 .
  • Pettigrew , T. F. and Meertens , R. W. 1995 . Subtle and blatant prejudice in Western Europe . European Journal of Social Psychology , 25 : 57 – 75 .
  • Pollack , W. S. and Levant , R. F. , eds. 1998 . New psychotherapy for men , New York : Wiley .
  • Saarni , C. 1984 . An observational study of children's attempt to monitor their expressive behavior . Developmental Psychology , 55 : 1504 – 1513 .
  • Shields , S. A. 1984 . Distinguishing between emotion and nonemotion: Judgements about experience . Motivation and Emotion , 8 : 355 – 369 .
  • Shields , S. A. 1987 . “ Women, men, and the dilemma of emotion ” . In Sex and gender , Edited by: Shaver , P. and Hendrick , C. Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
  • Shields , S. A. 1995 . “ The role of emotion beliefs and values in gender development ” . In Social development: Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 15 , Edited by: Eisenberg , N. 212 – 232 . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Snyder , M. 1984 . “ When belief creates reality ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology Vol. 18 , Edited by: Berkowitz , L. 248 – 306 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Stoppard , J. M. and Gunn Gruchy , C. D. 1993 . Gender, context and expression of positive emotion . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 19 : 143 – 150 .
  • Tesser , A. and Paulhus , D. 1983 . The definition of self: Private and public self-evaluation maintenance strategies . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 672 – 682 .
  • Timmers , M. , Fischer , A. H. and Manstead , A. S. R. 1998 . Gender differences in motives for regulating emotions . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 24 : 974 – 985 .
  • Wilson , T. C. 1996 . Compliments will get you nowhere: Benign stereotypes, prejudice and antisemitism . Sociological Quarterly , 37 : 465 – 479 .
  • Wouters , C. 1990 . Van minnen en sterven [About loving and dying]. , Amsterdam : Bert Bakker .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.