2,843
Views
168
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Mind-wandering and dysphoria

, , &
Pages 816-842 | Received 16 Apr 2003, Published online: 22 May 2007

References

  • Anderson , J. R. 1983 . The architecture of cognition , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Antrobus , J. S. 1968 . Information theory and stimulus-independent-thought . British Journal of Psychology , 59 : 423 – 430 .
  • Beck , A. T. 1976 . Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders , New York : Meridian .
  • Bradley , M. and Lang , P. G. 1999 . Affective norms for English words (ANEW) , Gainesville, FL : The NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida .
  • Champion , L. A. and Power , M. J. 1995 . Social and cognitive approaches to depression: Towards a new synthesis . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 34 : 485 – 503 .
  • Critchley , H. D. , Elliot , R. , Mathias , C. J. and Dolan , R. J. 2000 . Neural activity relating to the generation and representation of galvanic skin conductance response: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study . Journal of Neuroscience , 20 : 3033 – 3040 .
  • Field , T. , Diago , M. and Sanders , C. 2001 . Adolescent depression and risk factors . Adolescence , 36 : 491 – 498 .
  • Fowles , D. C. , Christie , M. J. , Edelberg , R. , Grings , W. W. , Lykken , D. T. and Venables , P. H. 1981 . Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements . Psychophysiology , 18 : 232 – 239 .
  • Freud , S. (1953) . Mourning and melancholia . In Strachey J. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud , (Vol. 14 , pp. 237 – 258 ). London : Hogarth Press . (Originally published 1917)
  • Giambra , L. M. 1995 . A laboratory based method for investigating influences on switching attention to task unrelated imagery and thought . Consciousness and Cognition , 4 : 1 – 21 .
  • Golding , J. F. 1992 . Phasic skin conductance activity and motion sickness . Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine , 63 : 165 – 171 .
  • Hartlage , S. , Alloy , L. B. , Vazquez , C. and Dykman , B. 1993 . Automatic and effortful processing in depression . Psychological Bulletin , 113 : 247 – 278 .
  • Higgins , E. T. 1987 . Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect . Psychological Review , 94 : 319 – 340 .
  • Ingram , R. E. and Kendall , P. C. 1987 . The cognitive side of anxiety . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 11 : 523 – 536 .
  • Ingram , R. E. and Wisnicki , K. 1991 . “ Cognition in depression ” . In Annual review of psychopathology Edited by: Magaro , P. A. 187 – 230 .
  • Jacoby , L. L. 1998 . Invariance in automatic influences of memory: Towards a users guide for the process-dissociation procedure . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition , 24 ( 1 ) : 3 – 26 .
  • Klinger , E. C. 1999 . “ Thought flow: Properties and mechanisms underlying shifts in content ” . In At play in the fields of consciousness: Essays in the honour of Jerome L. Singer , Edited by: Singer , J. A. and Salovey , P. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Matthews , G. , Gililand , K. , Campbell , S. E. and Faulconner , S. 1999 . “ Validation of a comprehensive stress state questionnaire: Towards a state “Big Three”? ” . In Personality psychology in Europe , Edited by: Mervielde , I. , Huyt , F. D. and Ostendorf , F. Vol. 7 , 333 – 350 . Tilburg, , Netherlands : Tilburg University Press .
  • Nisbet , R. E. and Wilson , T. D. 1977 . Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes . Psychological Review , 134 : 231 – 259 .
  • Patterson , C. J. , Ungerleider , L. G. and Bandettini , P. A. 2002 . Task independent functional brain activity correlation with skin conductance changes: An fMRI study . Neuroimage , 17 : 1797 – 1806 .
  • Power , M. and Dalgleish , T. 1997 . Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder , Hove, , UK : Psychology Press .
  • Pyszczynski , T. and Greenberg , J. 1987 . Self-regulatory perseveration and the depressive self-focusing style: A self-awareness theory of reactive depression . Psychological Bulletin , 102 : 122 – 138 .
  • Radloff , L. S. 1977 . The CES-D Depression Inventory . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 ( 3 ) : 385 – 401 .
  • Schooler , J. W. 2002 . Re-representing consciousness: Dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness . Trends in Cognitive Science , 6 ( 8 ) : 339 – 344 .
  • Schooler , J. W. , McSpadden , M. , Reichle , E. , & Smallwood , J. (2005b) . Reading nonsense . Unpublished manuscript . University of British Columbia , Vancouver, , Canada .
  • Schooler , J. W. , Reichle , E. D. and Halpern , D. V. 2005a . “ Zoning-out during reading: Evidence for dissociations between experience and meta-consciousness ” . In Thinking and seeing: Visual metacognition in adults and children , Edited by: Levin , D. 204 – 226 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
  • Schooler , J. W. and Schreiber , C. A. 2004 . Consciousness, meta-consciousness, and the paradox of introspection . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 11 : 17 – 39 .
  • Seibert , P. S. and Ellis , H. C. 1991 . Irrelevant thoughts, emotional mood states and cognitive performance . Memory and Cognition , 5 : 507 – 513 .
  • Singer , J. L. 1966 . Daydreaming , New York : Plenum Press .
  • Smallwood , J. , Baracaia , S. F. , Lowe , M. and Obonsawin , M. C. 2003b . Task-unrelated thought while encoding information . Consciousness and Cognition , 12 ( 3 ) : 452 – 484 .
  • Smallwood , J. , Davies , J. B. , Heim , D. , Finnigan , F. , Sudberry , M. V. O'Connor , R. C. 2004a . Subjective experience and the attentional lapse. Task engagement and disengagement during sustained attention . Consciousness and Cognition , 4 : 657 – 690 .
  • Smallwood , J. , O'Connor , R. C. and Heim , D. 2005 . Rumination, dysphoria and subjective experience . Imagination, cognition and personality , 24 ( 4 ) : 355 – 367 .
  • Smallwood , J. , O'Connor , R. C. , Sudberry , M. V. and Ballantyre , C. 2004b . The consequences of encoding information on the maintenance of internally generated images and thoughts: The role of meaning complexes . Consciousness and cognition , 4 : 789 – 820 .
  • Smallwood , J. , Obonsawin , M. C. , Baracaia , S. F. , Reid , H. , O'Connor , R. C. and Heim , S. D. 2003d . The relationship between rumination, dysphoria and self-referent thinking: Some preliminary findings. Imagination . cognition and personality , 4 : 315 – 317 .
  • Smallwood , J. , Obonsawin , M. C. and Heim , S. D. 2003a . Task-unrelated-thought: The role of distributed processing . Consciousness and Cognition , 12 ( 2 ) : 169 – 189 .
  • Smallwood , J. , Obonsawin , M. C. , & , Reid , H. ( 2003c ). The effects of block duration and task demands on the experience of task-unrelated thought . Imagination, Cognition and Personality , 22 (1) , 13 – 31 .
  • Smallwood , J. , & Schooler , J. W. (in press) . The restless mind . Psychological Bulletin .
  • Teasdale , J. D. 1999 . Metacognition, mindfulness and the modification of mood disorders . Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy , 6 : 146 – 155 .
  • Teasdale , J. D. and Barnard , P. 1993 . Affect, cognition and change , Hove, , UK : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Ltd .
  • Teasdale , J. D. , Dritschell , B. H. , Taylor , M. J. , Proctor , L. , Lloyd , C. A. Nimmo-Smith , I. 1995a . Stimulus independent thought depends upon central executive resources . Memory and Cognition , 28 ( 5 ) : 551 – 559 .
  • Teasdale , J. D. , Proctor , L. , Lloyd , C. A. and Baddeley , A. 1993 . Working memory and stimulus independent thought: Effects of memory load and presentation rate . European Journal of Psychology , 5 : 417 – 433 .
  • Teasdale , J. D. , Segal , Z. V. and Williams , J. M. G. 1995b . How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? An information processing analysis . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 33 : 25 – 39 .
  • Teasdale , J. D. , Segal , Z. V. , Williams , J. M. G. , Ridgeway , V. A. , Soulsby , J. M. and Lau , M. A. 2000 . Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness based cognitive therapy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 4 : 615 – 623 .
  • Vera , A. H. and Simon , H. A. 1993 . Situated action: A symbolic interpretation . Cognitive Science , 17 : 7 – 48 .
  • Wegner , D. M. 1994 . Ironic processes of mental control . Psychological Review , 101 : 34 – 52 .
  • Wegner , D. M. , & Bargh , J. A. (1998) . Control and automaticity in social life . In D. Gilbert , S. T. Fiske , & G. Lindzey Handbook of social psychology ( 4th ed ., Vol. 1 , pp . 446 – 496 ). New York : McGraw-Hill .
  • Williams , J. M. G. (2002) . The autobiographical memory test . Unpublished manuscript, University of Wales, Bangor .
  • Williams , J. M. G. and Broadbent , K. 1986 . Autobiographical memory in suicide attempters . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 95 : 144 – 149 .
  • Williams , J. M. G. , Teasdale , J. D. , Segal , Z. V. and Soulsby , J. 2000a . Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 150 – 155 .
  • Williams , L. M. , Senior , C. , David , A. S. , Loughland , C. M. and Gordon , E. 2000b . The neural correlates of orienting: An integration of fMRI and skin conductance orienting . NeuroReport , 11 : 3011 – 3015 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.