Early information processing biases in social anxiety

REFERENCES

• Amir , N. , Elias , J. , Klumpp , H. and Przeworski , A. 2003 . Attentional bias to threat in social phobia: Facilitated processing of threat or difficulty disengaging attention from threat? . Behavior Research and Therapy , 41 : 1325 – 1335 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amir , N. , McNally , R. J. , Riemann , B. C. , Burns , J. , Lorenz , M. and Mullen , J. T. 1996 . Suppression of the emotional Stroop effect by increased anxiety in patients with social phobia . Behavior Research and Therapy , 34 : 945 – 948 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmundson , C. J. G. and Stein , M. B. 1994 . Selective processing of social threat in patients with generalized social phobia: Evaluation using a dot-probe paradigm . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 8 : 107 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Haim , Y. , Lamy , D. , Pergamin , M. J. , Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn , M. H. 2007 . Threat-related attention bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study . Psychological Bulletin , 133 : 1 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. and Steer , R. A. 1987 . Beck Depression Inventory manual , San Antonio , TX : Psychological Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Becker , E. S. , Rinck , M. , Margraf , J. and Roth , W. T. 2001 . The emotional Stroop effect in anxiety disorders: General emotionality or disorder specificity? . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 15 : 147 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bögels , S. M. and Mansell , W. 2004 . Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: Hypervigilance, avoidance, and self-focused attention . Clinical Psychology Review , 24 : 827 – 856 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet , P. M. , Heisz , J. J. , Mondloch , C. J. , Shore , D. I. and Schmidt , L. A. 2009 . Shyness and face scanning in children . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 23 : 909 – 914 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C. S. and White , T. L. 1994 . Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS scales . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 319 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Y. P. , Ehlers , A. , Clark , D. M. and Mansell , W. 2002 . Patients with generalized social phobia direct their attention away from faces . Behavior Research and Therapy , 40 : 677 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , D. M. 1999 . Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them . Behavior Research and Therapy , 37 : S5 – S27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coles , M. E. , Heimberg , R. G. and Schofield , C. A. 2008 . Interpretation of facial expressions and social anxiety: Specificity and source of biases . Cognition and Emotion , 22 : 1159 – 1173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor , K. M. , Davidson , J. R. T. , Churchill , L. E. , Sherwood , A. , Foa , E. B. and Weisler , R. H. 2000 . Psychometric properties of the social phobia inventory (SPIN) . British Journal of Psychiatry , 176 : 379 – 386 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , X. and Maurer , D. 2009 . Influence of intensity on children's sensitivity to happy, sad, and fearful facial expressions . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 102 : 503 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jetha , M. K. , Zheng , X. , Schmidt , L. A. , & Segalowitz , S. J. 2011 . Shyness and the first 100 milliseconds of emotional face processing . Manuscript under review .
   Google Scholar
• Mansell , W. , Clark , D. M. and Ehlers , A. 2003 . Internal versus external attention in social anxiety: An investigation using a novel paradigm . Behavior Research and Therapy , 41 : 555 – 572 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansell , W. , Clark , D. M. , Ehlers , A. and Chen , Y. 1999 . Social anxiety and attention away from emotional faces . Cognition and Emotion , 13 : 673 – 690 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogg , K. and Bradley , B. P. 2002 . Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety . Behavior Research and Therapy , 40 : 1403 – 1414 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogg , K. , Holmes , A. , Garner , M. and Bradley , B. P. 2008 . Effects of threat cues on attentional shifting, disengagement and response slowing in anxious individuals . Behavior Research and Therapy , 46 : 656 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogg , K. , Philippot , P. and Bradley , B. P. 2004 . Selective attention to angry faces in clinical social phobia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 113 : 160 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapee , R. M. and Heimberg , R. G. 1997 . A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia . Behavior Research and Therapy , 35 : 741 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector , I. , Pecknold , J. C. and Libman , E. 2003 . Selective attentional bias related to the noticeable aspect of anxiety symptoms in generalized social phobia . Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 17 : 517 – 531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens , S. , Rist , F. and Gerlach , A. L. 2009 . Influence of alcohol on the processing of emotional facial expressions in individuals with social phobia . The British Psychological Society , 48 : 125 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Tottenham , N. , Tanaka , J. , Leon , A. C. , McCarry , T. , Nurse , M. Hare , T. A. 2009 . The NimStim set of facial expressions: Judgments from untrained research participants . Psychiatry Research , 168 : 242 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , E. and MacLeod , C. 2003 . Contrasting two accounts of anxiety-linked attentional bias: Selective attention to varying levels of threat intensity . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 112 : 212 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yiend , J. 2010 . The effects of emotion on attention: A review of attentional processing of emotional information . Cognition and Emotion , 24 : 3 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar