658
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
BRIEF REPORTS

Effects of facial expression and gaze direction on approach–avoidance behaviour

, &
Pages 943-949 | Received 20 May 2010, Accepted 11 Nov 2010, Published online: 26 Mar 2012

REFERENCES

  • Bayliss , A. P. , Frischen , A. , Fenske , M. J. and Tipper , S. P. 2007 . Affective evaluations of objects are influenced by observed gaze direction and emotional expression . Cognition , 104 : 644 – 653 .
  • Cacioppo , J. T. , Larsen , J. T. , Smith , K. N. and Berntson , G. G. 2004 . “ The affect system: What lurks beyond the surface of feelings? ” . In Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium , Edited by: Manstead , A. S. R. , Frijda , N. and Fischer , A. 223 – 242 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Chen , M. and Bargh , J. A. 1999 . Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 25 : 215 – 224 .
  • Duckworth , K. L. , Bargh , J. A. , Garcia , M. and Chaiken , S. 2002 . The automatic evaluation of novel stimuli . Psychological Science , 13 : 513 – 519 .
  • Eder , A. B. and Rothermund , K. 2008 . When do motor behaviors (mis)match affective stimuli? An evaluative coding view of approach and avoidance reactions . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 137 : 262 – 281 .
  • Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1976 . Pictures of facial affect series , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
  • Fox , E. , Lester , V. , Rosso , R. , Bowles , R. J. , Pichler , A. and Dutton , K. 2000 . Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? . Cognition and Emotion , 14 : 61 – 92 .
  • Friesen , C. K. and Kingstone , A. 1998 . The eyes have it: Reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 5 : 490 – 493 .
  • Friesen , C. K. and Kingstone , A. 2003 . Abrupt onsets and gaze direction cues trigger independent reflexive attentional effects . Cognition , 87 : B1 – B10 .
  • Hanson , C. H. and Hanson , R. D. 1988 . Finding the face in the crowd: An anger superiority effect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 917 – 924 .
  • Hietanen , J. K. 1999 . Does your gaze direction and head orientation shift my visual attention? . NeuroReport , 10 : 3443 – 3447 .
  • Kliunert , M. D. , Campos , J. J. , Sorce , J. F. , Emde , R. N. and Svejda , M. 1983 . “ The development of social referencing in infancy ” . In Emotion: Theory, research, and experience. Vol. 2: Emotion in early development , Edited by: Plutchik , R. and Kellerman , H. 57 – 86 . New York , NY : Academic Press .
  • Konorski , J. 1967 . Integrative activity of the brain: An interdisciplinary approach , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lavender , T. and Hommel , B. 2007 . Affect and action: Towards an event-coding account . Cognition and Emotion , 21 : 1270 – 1296 .
  • Marsh , A. A. , Ambady , N. and Kleck , R. E. 2005 . The effects of fear and anger facial expressions on approach- and avoidance-related behaviors . Emotion , 5 : 119 – 124 .
  • Rotteveel , M. and Phaf , R. H. 2004 . Automatic affective evaluation does not automatically predispose for arm flexion and extension . Emotion , 4 : 156 – 172 .
  • Tomasello , M. 1999 . The cultural origins of human cognition , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Watson , D. , Wiese , D. , Vaidya , J. and Tellegen , A. 1999 . The two general activation systems of affect: Structural findings, evolutionary considerations, and psychobiological evidence . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 76 : 820 – 838 .
  • Wentura , D. , Rothermund , K. and Bak , P. 2000 . Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of approach- and avoidance-related social information . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 78 : 1024 – 1037 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.