2,962
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The emotional body and time perception

&
Pages 687-699 | Received 01 Dec 2014, Accepted 22 Feb 2015, Published online: 30 Mar 2015

REFERENCES

  • Adolphs, R., Russell, J. A., & Tranel, D. (1999). A role for the human amygdala in recognizing emotional arousal from unpleasant stimuli. Psychological Science, 10, 167–171. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00126
  • Allman, M. J., Teki, S., Griffiths, T. D., & Meck, W. M. (2014). Properties of the internal clock: First- and second-order principles of subjective time. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 743–771. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115117
  • Angrilli, A., Cherubini, P., Pavese, A., & Manfredini, S. (1997). The influence of affective factors on time perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 59, 972–982. doi:10.3758/BF03205512
  • Bar-Haim, Y., Kerem, A., Lamy, D., & Zakay, D. (2010). When time slows down: The influence of threat on time perception in anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 255–263. doi:10.1080/02699930903387603
  • Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639
  • Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The Self-assessment Manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49–59. doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
  • Cacioppo, J. T., & Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 401–423. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.401
  • Church, R. M., & Deluty, M. Z. (1977). Bisection of temporal intervals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 3(3), 216.
  • Darwin, C. (1872/2002). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • de Gelder, B. (2006). Towards the neurobiology of emotional body language. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 242–249. doi:10.1038/nrn1872
  • de Gelder, B. (2009). Why bodies? Twelve reasons for including bodily expressions in affective neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 3475–3484.
  • de Gelder, B., & Hortensius, R. (2014). The many faces of the emotional body. New Frontiers in Social Neuroscience, 21, 153–164. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02904-7_9
  • de Gelder, B., Snyder, J., Greve, D., Gerard, G., & Hadjikhani, N. (2004). Fear fosters flight: A mechanism for fear contagion when perceiving emotion expressed by a whole body. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 16701–16706. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407042101
  • de Gelder, B., & Van den Stock, J. (2011). The bodily expressive action stimulus test (BEAST). Construction and validation of a stimulus basis for measuring perception of whole body expression of emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 181. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00181
  • Doi, H., & Shinohara, K. (2009). The perceived duration of emotional face is influenced by the gaze direction. Neuroscience Letters, 457(2), 97–100. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.04.004
  • Droit-Volet, S. (2014). What emotions tell us about time. In D. Lloyd & V. Arstila (Eds.), Subjective time: The philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience of temporality. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Droit-Volet, S., Brunot, S., & Niedenthal, P. (2004). Perception of the duration of emotional events. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 849–858. doi:10.1080/02699930341000194
  • Droit-Volet, S., Fayolle, S., Lamotte, M., & Gil, S. (2013). Time, emotion and the embodiment of timing. Timing & Time Perception, 1(1), 99–126. doi:10.1163/22134468-00002004
  • Droit-Volet, S., & Gil, S. (2009). The time-emotion paradox. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364, 1943–1953.
  • Droit-Volet, S., & Meck, W. H. (2007). How emotions colour our perception of time. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 504–513. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.008
  • Droit-Volet, S., Mermillod, M., Cocenas-Silva, R., & Gil, S. (2010). The effect of expectancy of a threatening event on time perception in human adults. Emotion, 10, 908–914. doi:10.1037/a0020258
  • Fayolle, S. L., & Droit-Volet, S. (2014). Time perception and dynamics of facial expressions of emotions. PLoS One, 9, e97944. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097944.t003
  • Frijda, N. H. (1988). The laws of emotion. American Psychologist, 43, 349–358. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.43.5.349
  • Gibbon, J. (1977). Scalar expectancy theory and Weber's law in animal timing. Psychological Review, 84, 279–325. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.3.279
  • Gibbon, J., Church, R. M., & Meck, W. H. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 423(1), 52–77. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1984.tb23417.x
  • Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011a). Time perception in response to ashamed faces in children and adults. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(2), 138–145. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00858.x
  • Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011b). “Time flies in the presence of angry faces” … depending on the temporal task used! Acta Psychologica, 136, 354–362. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.12.010
  • Gil, S., & Droit-Volet, S. (2012). Emotional time distortions: The fundamental role of arousal. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 847–862. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.625401
  • Grèzes, J., Pichon, S., & de Gelder, B. (2007). Perceiving fear in dynamic body expressions. NeuroImage, 35, 959–967.
  • Grondin, S., Laflamme, V., & Gontier, É. (2014). Effect on perceived duration and sensitivity to time when observing disgusted faces and disgusting mutilation pictures. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 76, 1522–1534. doi:10.3758/s13414-014-0682-7
  • Hadjikhani, N., & de Gelder, B. (2003). Seeing fearful body expressions activates the fusiform cortex and amygdala. Current Biology, 13, 2201–2205. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2003.11.049
  • Killeen, P., Fetterman, J., & Bizo, L. (1997). Time's causes. Time and behaviour: Psychological and neuro behavioural analyses. In C. M. Bradshaw & E. Szabadi (Eds.), Time and behavior: Psychological and neurobehaviour analyses (pp. 79–131). North-Holland: Elsevier Science.
  • Kret, M. E., Pichon, S., Grèzes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2011a). Similarities and differences in perceiving threat from dynamic faces and bodies. An fMRI study. NeuroImage, 54, 1755–1762. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.012
  • Kret, M. E., Pichon, S., Grèzes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2011b). Men fear other men most: Gender specific brain activations in perceiving threat from dynamic faces and bodies – An fMRI study. Frontiers in Psychology, 2. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00003
  • Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). Motivated attention: Affect, activation, and action. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons, & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 97–135). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • Langer, J., Wapner, S., & Werner, H. (1961). The effect of danger upon the experience of time. American Journal of Psychology, 74, 94–97.
  • Ledoux, J. (2007). The amygdala. Current Biology, 17, R868– R874. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.005
  • Ledoux, J. (2012). Rethinking the emotional brain. Neuron, 23, 653–676.
  • Ledoux, J. (2014). Coming to terms with fear. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 2871–2878.
  • Levenson, R. W. (1994). Human emotions: A functional view. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 123–126). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Lui, M. A., Penney, T. B., & Schirmer, A. (2011). Emotion effects on timing: Attention versus pacemaker accounts. PLoS One, 6, e21829.
  • Magnée, M. J. C. M., Stekelenburg, J. J., Kemner, C., & de Gelder, B. (2007). Similar facial EMG responses to faces, voices, and body expressions. NeuroReport, 18, 369–372.
  • Mella, N., Conty, L., & Pouthas, V. (2011). The role of physiological arousal in time perception: Psychophysiological evidence from an emotion regulation paradigm. Brain and Cognition, 75, 182–187.
  • Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996). A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions. Letters to Nature, 383, 812–815.
  • Nather, F. C., Bueno, J. L., Bigand, E., & Droit-Volet, S. (2011). Time changes with the embodiment of another's body posture. PLoS One, 6, e19818.
  • Noulhiane, M., Mella, N., Samson, S., Ragot, R., & Pouthas, V. (2007). How emotional auditory stimuli modulate time perception. Emotion, 7, 697–704. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.697
  • Orgs, G., Bestmann, S., Schuur, F., & Haggard, P. (2011). From body form to biological motion the apparent velocity of human movement biases subjective time. Psychological Science, 22, 712–717. doi:10.1177/0956797611406446
  • Phelps, E. A., & Ledoux, J. E. (2005). Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing: From animal models to human behaviour. Neuron, 48, 175–187.
  • Piaget, P. (1946). Le développement de la notion de temps chez l'enfant [The development of the sense of time in children]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  • Reed, C. L., Stone, V. E., Bozova, S., & Tanaka, J. (2003). The body-inversion effect. Psychological Science, 14, 302–308.
  • Scherer, K. R., & Ellgring, H. (2007). Multimodal expression of emotion: Affect programs or componential appraisal patterns? Emotion, 7, 158–171. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.158
  • Schirmer, A. (2011). How emotions change time. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 5, 58. doi:10.3389/fnint.2011.00058
  • Sgouraini, H., & Agiro, V. (2014). “Flash” dance: How speed modulates perceived duration in dancers and non-dancers. Acta Pyschologica, 147, 15–24.
  • Tamietto, M., Castelli, L., Vighetti, S., Perozzo, P., Geminiani, G., Weiskrantz, L., & de Gelder, B. (2009). Unseen facial and bodily expressions trigger fast emotional reactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 17661–17666.
  • Tamietto, M., & de Gelder, B. (2010). Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 697–709.
  • Tipples, J. (2008). Negative emotionality influences the effects of emotion on time perception. Emotion, 8(1), 127–131. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.127
  • Tipples, J. (2011). When time stands still: Fear-specific modulation of temporal bias due to threat. Emotion, 11(1), 74–80. doi:10.1037/a0022015
  • Van Heijnsbergen, C. C. R. J., Meeren, H. K. M., Grezes, J., & de Gelder, B. (2007). Rapid detection of fear in body expressions, an ERP study. Brain Research, 1186, 233–241. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.093
  • Van Rijn, H., Gu, B.-N., & Meck, W. H. (2014). Dedicated clock/timing circuit theories of time perception and time performance. In H. Merchant & V. de Lafuente (Eds.), Neurobiology of interval timing: Advances in experimental medicine and biology (p. 829). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Vuilleumier, P. (2005). How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 585−594.
  • Wearden, J. H. (1991). Do humans possess an internal clock with scalar timing properties? Learning and Motivation, 22(1), 59−83.
  • Wittmann, M. (2014). Embodied time: The experience of time, the body, and the self. In V. Arstila & D. Lloyd (Eds.), Subjective time: The philosophy, psychology and neuroscience of temporality (pp. 507–523). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Wittmann, M., Van Wassenhove, V., Craig, B., & Paulus, M. P. (2010). The neural substrates of subjective time dilation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 2.
  • Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1996). The role of attention in time estimation processes. In M. A. Pastor & J. Artieda (Eds.), Time, internal clocks and movement (pp. 143–164). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Zakay, D., & Block, R. A. (1998). New perspectives on prospective time estimation. In V. De Keyser, G. d'Ydewalle, & A. Vandierendonck (Eds.), Time and the dynamic control of behavior (pp. 129–141). Göttingen: Hogrefe and Huber.
  • Zhang, Z., Jia, L., & Ren, W. (2014). Time changes with feeling of speed: An embodied perspective. Frontiers in Neurorobotics, 8, 14. doi:10.3389/fnbot.2014.0001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.