The evolutionary emergence of what we call “emotions”Footnote

‡ Submitted to Cognition and Emotion after the death of Nico Frijda, after editing by Batja Mesquita and Keith Oatley. A note on the provenance of the paper is in the manuscript.

References

• Aldridge, J. W., & Berridge, K. C. (2010). Neural coding of pleasure: “Rose-tinted glasses” of the ventral pallidum. In M. L. Kringelbach & K. C. Berridge (Eds.), Pleasures of the brain (pp. 62–73). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aristotle (350 BCE/1986). De anima [On the soul]. (H. Lawson-Tancred, Trans.). London: Penguin (current publication, 1986).
   Google Scholar
• Bargh, J. A. (1997). The automaticity of everyday life. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 10, pp. 1–61). Mahwah: Erlbaum, Berridge & Winkielman, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, L. F. (2006). Emotions as natural kinds? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10, 20–46.
   Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, R. M. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachment as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge, K. C. (1999). Pleasure, pain, desire, & dread: Hidden core processes of emotion. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Foundations of hedonic psychology: Scientific perspectives on enjoyment and suffering. (pp. 525–557). New York, NY: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Berridge, K. C. (2007). The debate over dopamine's role in reward: The case for incentive salience. Psychopharmacology, 191, 391–431. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0578-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge, K. C., & Aldridge, W. (2009). Decision utility, incentive salience, and cue-triggered “wanting”. In E. Morsella, J. A. Bargh, & P. M. Gollwitzer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of human action (pp. 509–539). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brandman, O., & Meyer, T. (2008). Feedback loops shape cellular signals in space and time. Science, 322, 390–395. doi: 10.1126/science.1160617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruner, J. (1986). Actual minds, possible worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97, 19–35. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassirer, E. (1908) Substanzbegriff und Funktionsbegriff [Substance concepts and function concepts]. Leipzig: Cassirer.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, A. D. (2008). Interoception and emotion: A neuroanatomical perspective. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland-Jones & L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions(3rd ed., pp. 272–289). New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Davitz, J. R. (1969). The language of emotion. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Descartes, R. (1649). Les passions de l'âme [Passions of the soul]. (J. Bennett, Trans. 2010). www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/descartes1649.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Dickinson, A., & Balleine, B. W. (2010). Hedonics: The cognitive-motivational interface. In M. Kringelbach & K. C. Berridge (Eds.), Pleasures of the brain (pp. 74–84). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dreyfus, H. (2002). Intelligence without representation – Merleau-Ponty's critique of mental representation. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 1, 367–383. doi: 10.1023/A:1021351606209
   Google Scholar
• Edelman, G. M. (1989). The remembered present. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H. (2007). The laws of emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H. (2009). On the nature and function of pleasure. In K. Berridge & M. Kringelbach (Eds.), Pleasures of the brain: The neural basis of sensory rewards (pp. 99–112). Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H. (2012). Emotion regulation: Two souls in one breast? In D. Hermans, B. Rimé, & B. Mesquita (Eds.), Changing emotions (pp. 137–143). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & Terschure, E. (1989). Relations between emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212–228. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.2.212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H., Markam, S., Sato, K., & Wiers, R. (1995). Emotion and emotion words. In J. A. Russell, J.-M. Fernández-Dols, A. S. R. Manstead, & J. Wellenkamp (Eds.), Everyday conceptions of emotion (pp. 121–144). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
   Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H., & Parrott, W. G. (2011). Basic emotions or Ur-emotions? Emotion Review, 3, 406–415. doi: 10.1177/1754073911410742
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijda, N. H., & Sundararajan, L. (2007). Emotion refinement: A theory inspired by Chinese poetics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 227–241. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00042.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
   Google Scholar
• Held, R., & Hein, A. (1963). Movement produced stimulation in the development of visually guided behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 872–876. doi: 10.1037/h0040546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360–1366. doi: 10.1126/science.1146282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland, J. S. (2011). Unlikely friendships. New York, NY: Workman.
   Google Scholar
• Jeannerod, M. (2006). Motor cognition: What actions tell the self. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lewin, K. (1937). On aristotelian and galilean science. In K. Lewin (Ed.), Towards a dynamic theory of personality (pp. 16–23). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, M. D. (2011). Memoirs of an addicted brain: A neuroscientist examines his former life on drugs. Toronto: Doubleday Canada.
   Google Scholar
• MacLean, P. D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleaocerebral functions. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Maturana, H. R. (1970). Biology of cognition. In H. R. Maturana, & F. J. Varela (Eds.), Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living (pp. 2–58). Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 43. Dordrecht: Reidel.
   Google Scholar
• Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1973). De maquinas y seres vivos: Una teoría de la organizacion biológica. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria.
   Google Scholar
• Merker, B. (2007). Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: A challenge for neuroscience and medicine. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 63–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesquita, B. (2003). Emotions as dynamic cultural phenomena. In J. Davidson Richard, K. R. Scherer & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 871–890). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mesquita, B., & Frijda, N. (1992). Cultural variations in emotions: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 179–204. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesquita, B., & Frijda, N. H. (2011). An emotion perspective on emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 25, 782–784. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2011.586824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noë, A. (2004). Action in perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Oatley, K. (2013). Worlds of the possible: Abstraction, imagination, consciousness. Pragmatics and Cognition, 21, 448–468. doi: 10.1075/pc.21.3.02oat
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacherie, E. (2002). The role of emotions in the explanation of action. European Review of Philosophy, 5, 55–90.
   Google Scholar
• Panksepp, J. (1998). Affective neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Parkinson, B. (2007). Getting from situations to emotions: Appraisal and other routes. Emotion, 7, 21–25. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peil, K. T. (2013). Emotion: The self-regulatory sense. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 3(2), 80–108. doi: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.058
   Google Scholar
• Pessoa, L. (2013). The cognitive-emotional brain: From interactions to integration. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Piaget, J. (1937). La construction du réel chez l'enfant. Neuchatel: Delachaux & Niestlé.
   Google Scholar
• Rietveld, E. (2008) Situated normativity: The normative aspect of embodied cognition in unreflected action. Mind, 117, 974–1001. doi: 10.1093/mind/fzn050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietveld, E. (2012). Bodily intentionality and social affordances in context. In F. Paglieri (Ed.), Consciousness in interaction (pp. 207–226). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
   Google Scholar
• Rimé, B. (2005). Le partage social des émotions. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, J. A. (2012). Introduction to special section: On defining emotion. Emotion Review, 4, 337–337. doi: 10.1177/1754073912445857
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander, D., Grafman, J., & Zalla, T. (2003). The human amygdala: An evolved system for relevance detection. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 14, 303–316. doi: 10.1515/REVNEURO.2003.14.4.303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander, D., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2005). A systems approach to appraisal mechanisms in emotion. Neural Networks 18, 317–352. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2005.03.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherer, K. R. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: A component process approach. In K. R. Scherer & P. Ekman (Eds.), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293–317). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Scherer, K. R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44, 695–729. doi: 10.1177/0539018405058216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, S. H., & Bilsky, W (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878–891. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.878
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sourjik, V., & Wingreen, N. S. (2012). Responding to chemical gradients: Bacterial chemotaxis. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 24, 262–268. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.11.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in life: Biology, phenomenology, and the science of mind. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
   Google Scholar
• Varela, F. J., Thompson, E., & Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind. Cambridge: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Veening, V. G., de Jong, T., & Barendregt, H. P. (2010). Oxytocin-messages via the cerebrospinal fluid: Behavioral effects; a review. Physiology and Behavior, 101, 193–210. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wadhams, G. H., & Armitage, J. P. (2004). Making sense of it all: Bacterial chemotaxis. Nature Reviews, Molecular Cell Biology, 5, 1024–1037. doi: 10.1038/nrm1524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wokke, M. (2013). Disruption of visual perception and its spatio-temporal dynamics (PhD thesis), University of Amsterdam.
   Google Scholar
• Young, P. T. (1927). Studies in affective psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 38, 157–193. doi: 10.2307/1415200
   Google Scholar