Effects of incidental positive emotion and cognitive reappraisal on affective responses to negative stimuli

References

• Buhle, J. T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., … Ochsner, K. N. (2014). Cognitive reappraisal of emotion: A meta-analysis of human neuroimaging studies. Cerebral Cortex, 24(11), 2981–2990. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bht154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5. doi: 10.1177/1745691610393980
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chermahini, S. A., & Hommel, B. (2012). Creative mood swings: Divergent and convergent thinking affect mood in opposite ways. Psychological Research, 76(5), 634–640. doi: 10.1007/s00426-011-0358-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chun, M. M., Golomb, J. D., & Turk-Browne, N. B. (2011). A taxonomy of external and internal attention. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 73–101. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clore, G. L., & Palmer, J. (2009). Affective guidance of intelligent agents: How emotion controls cognition. Cognitive Systems Research, 10(1), 21–30. doi: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.03.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreisbach, G., & Goschke, T. (2004). How positive affect modulates cognitive control: Reduced perseveration at the cost of increased distractibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(2), 343–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felnhofer, A., Kothgassner, O. D., Schmidt, M., Heinzle, A.-K., Beutl, L., Hlavacs, H., & Kryspin-Exner, I. (2015). Is virtual reality emotionally arousing? Investigating five emotion inducing virtual park scenarios. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 82, 48–56. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.05.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman, S. (2008). The case for positive emotions in the stress process. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 21(1), 3–14. doi: 10.1080/10615800701740457
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 359(1449), 1367–1377. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19(3), 313–332. doi: 10.1080/02699930441000238
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L., & Levenson, R. W. (1998). Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 12(2), 191. doi: 10.1080/026999398379718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fröber, K., & Dreisbach, G. (2014). The differential influences of positive affect, random reward, and performance-contingent reward on cognitive control. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(2), 530–547. doi: 10.3758/s13415-014-0259-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervais, M., & Wilson, D. S. (2005). The evolution and functions of laughter and humor: A synthetic approach. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 80(4), 395–430. doi: 10.1086/498281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani, N. R., McRae, K., & Gross, J. J. (2008). The up- and down-regulation of amusement: Experiential, behavioral and autonomic consequences. Emotion, 8(5), 714–719. doi: 10.1037/a0013236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haga, S. M., Kraft, P. A., & Corby, E.-K. (2009). Emotion regulation: Antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10(3), 271–291. doi: 10.1007/s10902-007-9080-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajcak, G., & Nieuwenhuis, S. (2006). Reappraisal modulates the electrocortical response to unpleasant pictures. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 6(4), 291–297. doi: 10.3758/CABN.6.4.291
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawksley, J., & Davey, G. C. L. (2010). Mood-as-input and depressive rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(2), 134–140. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirt, E. R., Devers, E. E., & McCrea, S. M. (2008). I want to be creative: Exploring the role of hedonic contingency theory in the positive mood-cognitive flexibility link. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 214–230. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.94.2.214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hupont, I., Gracia, J., Sanagustin, L., & Gracia, M. A. (2015). How do new visual immersive systems influence gaming QoE? A use case of serious gaming with Oculus Rift. In Quality of multimedia experience (QoMEX), 2015 seventh international workshop on (pp. 1–6). Pylos-Nestoras: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Isen, A. M. (2008). Some ways in which positive affect influences decision making and problem solving. Handbook of Emotions, 3, 548–573.
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R. C. (2000). Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping. Leisure Sciences, 22(3), 163–181. doi: 10.1080/01490409950121843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, D. C., Malmstadt, J. R., Larson, C. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2000). Suppression and enhancement of emotional responses to unpleasant pictures. Psychophysiology, 37(4), 515–522. doi: 10.1111/1469-8986.3740515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JASP Team. (2018). JASP (Version 0.9.0.1).
   Google Scholar
• Kalisch, R., Müller, M. B., & Tüscher, O. (2015). A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2DABC76D4D8F97EF215A8DC7D9C85F2A/S0140525X14001745a.pdf/ppw.kuleuven.be/clep doi: 10.1017/S0140525X15000023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass, R. E., & Raftery, A. E. (1995). Bayes factors. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(430), 773–795. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. H., & Hamann, S. (2007). Neural correlates of positive and negative emotion regulation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(5), 776–798. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.5.776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings.
   Google Scholar
• Larsen, R. J., & Prizmic, Z. (2004). Affect regulation. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2004-00163-002
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, J. S., Li, Y., Valdesolo, P., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Emotion and decision making. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 799–823. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae, K., Ciesielski, B., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: Goals, tactics, and outcomes. Emotion, 12(2), 250–255. doi: 10.1037/a0026351
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae, K., Hughes, B., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D., Gross, J. J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010). The neural bases of distraction and reappraisal. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(2), 248–262. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRae, K., Jacobs, S. E., Ray, R. D., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Individual differences in reappraisal ability: Links to reappraisal frequency, well-being, and cognitive control. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(1), 2–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2011.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monfort, S. S., Stroup, H. E., & Waugh, C. E. (2015). The impact of anticipating positive events on responses to stress. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 58, 11–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242–249. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okely, J. A., Weiss, A., & Gale, C. R. (2017). The interaction between stress and positive affect in predicting mortality. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 100, 53–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortner, C. N. M., Zelazo, P. D., & Anderson, A. K. (2013). Effects of emotion regulation on concurrent attentional performance. Motivation and Emotion, 37(2), 346–354. doi: 10.1007/s11031-012-9310-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J., & Banaji, M. R. (2000). Mood and heuristics: The influence of happy and sad states on sensitivity and bias in stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1005–1023. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pressman, S. D., Jenkins, B. N., Kraft-Feil, T. L., Rasmussen, H., & Scheier, M. F. (2017). The whole is not the sum of its parts: Specific types of positive affect influence sleep differentially. Emotion, 17(5), 778–793. doi: 10.1037/emo0000256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, M., Mehta, N., Tone, E. B., & Anderson, P. L. (2011). Does engagement with exposure yield better outcomes? Components of presence as a predictor of treatment response for virtual reality exposure therapy for social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(6), 763–770. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riva, G., Mantovani, F., Capideville, C. S., Preziosa, A., Morganti, F., Villani, D., … Alcañiz, M. (2007). Affective interactions using virtual reality: The link between presence and emotions. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(1), 45–56. doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9993
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmeichel, B. J., & Demaree, H. A. (2010). Working memory capacity and spontaneous emotion regulation: High capacity predicts self-enhancement in response to negative feedback. Emotion, 10(5), 739–744. doi: 10.1037/a0019355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeichel, B. J., & Tang, D. (2015). Individual differences in executive functioning and their relationship to emotional processes and responses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(2), 93–98. doi: 10.1177/0963721414555178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuemie, M. J., Van Der Straaten, P., Krijn, M., & Van Der Mast, C. A. (2001). Research on presence in virtual reality: A survey. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(2), 183–201. doi: 10.1089/109493101300117884
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 513–523. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppes, G., & Meiran, N. (2008). Divergent cognitive costs for online forms of reappraisal and distraction. Emotion, 8(6), 870–874. doi: 10.1037/a0013711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tice, D. M., Baumeister, R. F., Shmueli, D., & Muraven, M. (2007). Restoring the self: Positive affect helps improve self-regulation following ego depletion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 379–384. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visch, V. T., Tan, E. S., & Molenaar, D. (2010). The emotional and cognitive effect of immersion in film viewing. Cognition and Emotion, 24(8), 1439–1445. doi: 10.1080/02699930903498186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waugh, C. E., Panage, S., Mendes, W. B., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Cardiovascular and affective recovery from anticipatory threat. Biological Psychology, 84(2), 169–175. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 775–808. doi: 10.1037/a0027600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber, H., Loureiro de Assunção, L., Martin, C., Westmeyer, H., & Geisler, F. C. (2014). Reappraisal inventiveness: The ability to create different reappraisals of critical situations. Cognition and Emotion, 28(2), 345–360. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.832152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Garcia, K. M., Jung, Y., Whitlow, C. T., McRae, K., & Waugh, C. E. (2018). vmPFC activation during a stressor predicts positive emotions during stress recovery. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 13(3), 256–268. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsy012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, H., Yang, S., & Isen, A. M. (2013). Positive affect improves working memory: Implications for controlled cognitive processing. Cognition and Emotion, 27(3), 474–482. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.713325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar