References
- Allgood, R., & Heaton, P. (2015). Developmental change and cross-domain links in vocal and musical emotion recognition performance in childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(3), 398–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12097
- Bahrick, L. E., & Lickliter, R.. (2012). The role of intersensory redundancy in early perceptual, cognitive, and social development. In Bremner, A. J., Lewkowicz, D. J., Spence, C. (Eds.) Multisensory Development (pp. 183–206). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Bates, D., Maechler, M., & Bolker, B. (2011). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-39.
- Bertelson, P., & De Gelder, B. (2004). The psychology of multimodal perception. Crossmodal space and crossmodal attention, 141–177.
- Brechet, C. (2017). Children’s recognition of emotional facial expressions through photographs and drawings. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 178(2), 139–146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2017.1286630
- Bugental, D. E., Kaswan, J. W., Love, L. R., & Fox, M. N. (1970). Child versus adult perception of evaluative messages in verbal, vocal, and visual channels. Developmental Psychology, 2(3), 367–375. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029166
- Bullock, M., & Russell, J. A. (1984). Preschool children’s interpretation of facial expressions of emotion. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 7(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548400700207
- Caron, A. J., Caron, R. F., & MacLean, D. J. (1988). Infant discrimination of naturalistic emotional expressions: The role of face and voice. Child Development, 59(3), 604. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1130560
- Chronaki, G., Hadwin, J. A., Garner, M., Maurage, P., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2015). The development of emotion recognition from facial expressions and non-linguistic vocalizations during childhood. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(2), 218–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12075
- Chronaki, G., Wigelsworth, M., Pell, M. D., & Kotz, S. A. (2018). The development of cross-cultural recognition of vocal emotion during childhood and adolescence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26889-1
- Collignon, O., Girard, S., Gosselin, F., Roy, S., Saint-Amour, D., Lassonde, M., & Lepore, F. (2008). Audio-visual integration of emotion expression. Brain Research, 1242, 126–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.023
- de Gelder, B., & Vroomen, J. (2000). The perception of emotions by ear and by eye. Cognition & Emotion, 14(3), 289–311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300378824
- Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1978). Facial action coding system: Investigator's guide. Consulting Psychologists Press.
- Elfenbein, H. A., & Ambady, N. (2003). Universals and cultural differences in recognizing emotions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12(5), 159–164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01252
- Flom, R. (2013). Intersensory perception of faces and voices in infants. Integrating face and voice in person perception (pp. 71–93). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3585-3_4
- Geangu, E., Ichikawa, H., Lao, J., Kanazawa, S., Yamaguchi, M. K., Caldara, R., & Turati, C. (2016). Culture shapes 7-month-olds’ perceptual strategies in discriminating facial expressions of emotion. Current Biology, 26(14), R663–R664. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.072
- Gil, S., Hattouti, J., & Laval, V. (2016). How children use emotional prosody: Crossmodal emotional integration? Developmental Psychology, 52(7), 1064–1072. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000121
- Grosbras, M.-H., Ross, P. D., & Belin, P. (2018). Categorical emotion recognition from voice improves during childhood and adolescence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-32868-3
- Grossmann, T. (2010). The development of emotion perception in face and voice during infancy. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 28(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/rnn-2010-0499
- Grossmann, T., Striano, T., & Friederici, A. D. (2006). Crossmodal integration of emotional information from face and voice in the infant brain. Developmental Science, 9(3), 309–315. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00494.x
- Harrigan, J. A. (1984). The effects of task order on children’s identification of facial expressions. Motivation and Emotion, 8(2), 157–169. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993071
- Herba, C. M., Landau, S., Russell, T., Ecker, C., & Phillips, M. L. (2006). The development of emotion-processing in children: Effects of age, emotion, and intensity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(11), 1098–1106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01652.x
- Ishii, K., Reyes, J. A., & Kitayama, S. (2003). Spontaneous attention to word content versus emotional tone. Psychological Science, 14(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01416
- Jack, R. E., Blais, C., Scheepers, C., Schyns, P. G., & Caldara, R. (2009). Cultural confusions show that facial expressions Are Not universal. Current Biology, 19(18), 1543–1548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.051
- Kitayama, S., & Ishii, K. (2002). Word and voice: Spontaneous attention to emotional utterances in two languages. Cognition & Emotion, 16(1), 29–59. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0269993943000121
- Liu, P., Rigoulot, S., & Pell, M. D. (2015a). Cultural differences in on-line sensitivity to emotional voices: Comparing East and West. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00311
- Liu, P., Rigoulot, S., & Pell, M. D. (2015b). Culture modulates the brain response to human expressions of emotion: Electrophysiological evidence. Neuropsychologia, 67, 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.034
- Macmillan, N. A., & Creelman, C. D. (1996). Triangles in ROC space: History and theory of “nonparametric” measures of sensitivity and response bias. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(2), 164–170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03212415
- Mancini, G., Agnoli, S., Baldaro, B., Ricci Bitti, P. E., & Surcinelli, P. (2013). Facial expressions of emotions: Recognition accuracy and affective reactions during late childhood. The Journal of Psychology, 147(6), 599–617. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.727891
- Markham, R., & Wang, L. (1996). Recognition of emotion by Chinese and Australian children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27(5), 616–643. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022196275008
- Massaro, D. W., & Egan, P. B. (1996). Perceiving affect from the voice and the face. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03212421
- McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264(5588), 746–748. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/264746a0
- Montirosso, R., Peverelli, M., Frigerio, E., Crespi, M., & Borgatti, R. (2010). The development of dynamic facial expression recognition at different intensities in 4- to 18-year-olds. Social Development, 19(1), 71–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00527.x
- Mumme, D. L., Fernald, A., & Herrera, C. (1996). Infants’ responses to facial and vocal emotional signals in a Social referencing paradigm. Child Development, 67(6), 3219–3237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1131775
- Nelson, N. L., & Russell, J. A. (2011). Preschoolers’ use of dynamic facial, bodily, and vocal cues to emotion. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110(1), 52–61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2011.03.014
- Paulmann, S., & Pell, M. D. (2011). Is there an advantage for recognizing multi-modal emotional stimuli? Motivation and Emotion, 35(2), 192–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-011-9206-0
- Quam, C., & Swingley, D. (2012). Development in children’s interpretation of pitch cues to emotions. Child Development, 83(1), 236–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01700.x
- R Development Core Team. (2010). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
- Reichenbach, L., & Masters, J. C. (1983). Children’s use of expressive and contextual cues in judgments of emotion. Child Development, 54(4), 993–1004. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1129903
- Russell, J. A., & Widen, S. C. (2002). A label superiority effect in children’s categorization of facial expressions. Social Development, 11(1), 30–52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00185
- Sauter, D. A., Panattoni, C., & Happé, F. (2013). Children’s recognition of emotions from vocal cues. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 31(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.2012.02081.x
- Scherer, K. (2003). Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms. Speech Communication, 40(1–2), 227–256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(02)00084-5
- Sekiyama, K., & Burnham, D. (2008). Impact of language on development of auditory-visual speech perception. Developmental Science, 11(2), 306–320. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00677.x
- Sekiyama, K., & Tohkura, Y. (1991). McGurk effect in non-English listeners: Few visual effects for Japanese subjects hearing Japanese syllables of high auditory intelligibility. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 90(4), 1797–1805. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1121/1.401660
- Takagi, S., Hiramatsu, S., Tabei, K., & Tanaka, A. (2015). Multisensory perception of the six basic emotions is modulated by attentional instruction and unattended modality. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 9, 1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2015.00001
- Tanaka, A., Koizumi, A., Imai, H., Hiramatsu, S., Hiramoto, E., & de Gelder, B. (2010). I feel your voice: Cultural differences in the multisensory perception of emotion. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1259–1262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610380698
- Vaish, A., & Striano, T. (2004). Is visual reference necessary? Contributions of facial versus vocal cues in 12-month-olds’ social referencing behavior. Developmental Science, 7(3), 261–269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00344.x
- Vroomen, J., Driver, J., & de Gelder, B. (2001). Is cross-modal integration of emotional expressions independent of attentional resources? Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1(4), 382–387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.1.4.382
- Walker-Andrews, A. S. (1986). Intermodal perception of expressive behaviors: Relation of eye and voice? Developmental Psychology, 22(3), 373–377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.3.373
- Yuki, M., Maddux, W. W., & Masuda, T. (2007). Are the windows to the soul the same in the East and West? Cultural differences in using the eyes and mouth as cues to recognize emotions in Japan and the United States. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.02.004