336
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Using spreading activation to understand repetitive negative thinking

ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 453-465 | Received 14 May 2022, Accepted 30 Jan 2023, Published online: 15 Feb 2023

References

  • Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Woo, C. W., Wilcox, R., Eisenbarth, H., Kim, B., Han, J., Losin, E. A., & Wager, T. D. (2022). The conceptual building blocks of everyday thought: Tracking the emergence and dynamics of ruminative and nonruminative thinking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Advance online publication.
  • Borkovec, T. D., Robinson, E., Pruzinsky, T., & DePree, J. A. (1983). Preliminary exploration of worry: Some characteristics and processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(83)90121-3
  • Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36(2), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.36.2.129
  • Bower, G. H. (1983). Affect and cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 302(1110), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1983.0062
  • Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): instruction manual and affective ratings (Technical report No. C-1). University of Florida, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology.
  • Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.3.316
  • Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.82.6.407
  • Collins, A. M., & Quillian, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time from semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8(2), 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(69)80069-1
  • Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008). Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003
  • Deese, J. (1965). The structure of associations in language and thought. Johns Hopkins Press.
  • Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 1(3), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2008.1.3.192
  • Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schönfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003
  • Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psychological Bulletin, 99(1), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20
  • Ingram, R. E. (1984). Toward an information-processing analysis of depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8(5), 443–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173284
  • Kahana, M. J., Howard, M. W., & Polyn, S. M. (2008). Associative retrieval processes in episodic memory. In H. L. Roediger (Ed.), Cognitive psychology of memory. Vol. 2 of learning and memory: A comprehensive reference (pp. 468–490). Elsevier.
  • Knowles, K. A., & Olatunji, B. O. (2020). Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101928
  • Lang, P. J. (1977). Imagery in therapy: An information processing analysis of fear. Behavior Therapy, 8(5), 862–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(77)80157-3
  • Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16(6), 495–512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01511.x
  • Lang, P. J. (1984). Cognition in emotion: Concept and action. In C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, & R. B. Zajonc (Eds.), Emotions, cognition, and behavior (pp. 192–226). Cambridge University Press.
  • Liu, C. H., Stevens, C., Wong, S. H., Yasui, M., & Chen, J. A. (2019). The prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses and suicide among US college students: Implications for addressing disparities in service use. Depression and Anxiety, 36(1), 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22830
  • Long, N. M., Danoff, M. S., & Kahana, M. J. (2015). Recall dynamics reveal the retrieval of emotional context. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(5), 1328–1333. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-014-0791-2
  • Marchetti, I., Mor, N., Chiorri, C., & Koster, E. H. (2018). The brief state rumination inventory (BSRI): Validation and psychometric evaluation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(4), 447–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9901-1
  • Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 167–195. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916
  • McEvoy, P. M., Thibodeau, M. A., & Asmundson, G. J. (2014). Trait repetitive negative thinking: A brief transdiagnostic assessment. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 5(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.037813
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus user’s guide (8th ed.). Author.
  • Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Dennis, S. (2000). What is free association and what does it measure? Memory & Cognition, 28(6), 887–899. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03209337
  • Rosenkranz, T., Takano, K., Watkins, E. R., & Ehring, T. (2020). Assessing repetitive negative thinking in daily life: Development of an ecological momentary assessment paradigm. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231783
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • Stade, E. C., Cohen, R. T., Loftus, P., & Ruscio, A. M. (2022). A novel measure of real-time perseverative thought. Clinical Psychological Science, 21677026211038017.
  • Talmi, D. (2013). Enhanced emotional memory: Cognitive and neural mechanisms. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 430–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413498893
  • Teasdale, J. D. (1983). Negative thinking in depression: Cause, effect, or reciprocal relationship? Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 5(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6402(83)90013-9
  • Teasdale, J. D. (1988). Cognitive vulnerability to persistent depression. Cognition & Emotion, 2(3), 247–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699938808410927
  • Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023910315561
  • Trnka, R., & Smelik, V. (2020). Elimination of bias in introspection: Methodological advances, refinements, and recommendations. New Ideas in Psychology, 56, 100753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.100753
  • van Rensbergen, B., Storms, G., & De Deyne, S. (2015). Examining assortativity in the mental lexicon: Evidence from word associations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(6), 1717–1724. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0832-5
  • van Vugt, M. K., Hitchcock, P., Shahar, B., & Britton, W. (2012). The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on affective memory recall dynamics in depression: A mechanistic model of rumination. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00257
  • Wahl, K., Ehring, T., Kley, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A., Kordon, A., Heinzel, C. V., Mazanec, M., & Schönfeld, S. (2019). Is repetitive negative thinking a transdiagnostic process? A comparison of key processes of RNT in depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and community controls. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 64, 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.02.006
  • Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1191–1207. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
  • Watkins, E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 163–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  • Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.104.1.3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.