Temperament Characteristics of Individuals Who Participate in Strenuous Sports

References

• Aamodt , M. , Alexander , C. and Kimbrough , W. 1982 . Personality characteristics of college nonathletes and baseball, football, and track team members . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 55 : 327 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiskal , H. S. and McKinney , W. T. Jr. 1975 . Overview of recent research in depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 32 ( 3 ) : 285 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bahrke , M. S. and Morgan , W. P. 1978 . Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 2 : 323 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattell , R. B. , Eber , H. W. and Tatsuoka , M. M. 1974 . Handbook for the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Champaign , IL : IPAT. .
   Google Scholar
• Dishman , R. K. 1982 . Contemporary sport psychology . Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews , 10 : 120 – 159 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. and Eysenck , S. B. 1968 . Manual for the Eysenck Personality Inventory. San Diego : Educational and Industrial Testing Service. .
   Google Scholar
• Eysenck , H. J. , Nias , D. K. B. and Cox , D. N. 1982 . Sport and personality . Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy , 4 : 1 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher , R. 1971 . Relationships between personality traits and high school activity participation . Psychology , 8 : 40 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Freedson , P. S. , Mihevic , P. , Loucks , A. and Girandola , R. 1983 . Physique, body composition and psychological characteristics of competitive female body builders . The Physician and Sportsmedicine , 11 ( 5 ) : 85 – 90 . 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gupta , V. and Sharma , T. 1976 . Personality characteristics of university athletes and nonathletes . Indian Journal of Applied Psychology , 13 : 95 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Harlow , R. G. 1951 . Masculine inadequacy and compensatory development of physique . Journal of Personality , 19 : 312 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung , G. and Farge , E. 1977 . Personality and physiological traits in middle-aged runners and joggers . Journal of Gerontology , 32 : 541 – 548 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howley , E. T. 1976 . The effect of different intensities of exercise on the excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine . Medical Science and Sports , 8 : 219 – 222 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson , D. N. 1967 . Personality research form manual. Goshen , NY : Research Psychologists Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , W. R. and Morgan , W. P. 1981 . Personality characteristics of college athletes in different sports . Scandinavian Journal of Sports Sciences , 3 ( 2 ) : 41 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Mahamood , M. 1981 . Personality profiles of sportmen and nonsportmen . Psychological Studies , 26 : 5 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1977 . Individual differences in stimulus screening and arousability . Journal of Personality , 45 : 237 – 250 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1978a . Characteristic individual reactions to preferred and unpreferred environments . Journal of Personality , 46 : 717 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1978b . Measures of individual differences in temperament . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 38 : 1105 – 1117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. 1980 . Basic dimensions for a general psychological theory. Cambridge , MA : Oelgeschlager, Gunn, & Hain. .
   Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. and Hines , M. 1978 . A questionnaire measure of individual differences in dominance-submis-siveness . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 38 : 479 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrabian , A. and O'Reilly , E. 1980 . Analysis of personality measures in terms of basic dimensions of temperament . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 38 : 492 – 503 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1979a . Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity . Psychiatric Annals , 9 ( 3 ) : 141 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1979b . “ Prediction of performance in athletics. ” . In Coach, athlete, and the sport psychologist Edited by: Klavora , P. and Daniel , J. V. 173 – 186 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1980 . The trait psychology controversy . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 51 : 50 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1981 . “ Psychological benefits of physical activity. ” . In Exercise in health and disease Edited by: Nagle , F. J. and Montoye , H. J. 299 – 314 . Springfield , IL : Thomas. .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. 1982 . Psychological effects of exercise . Behavioral Medicine Update , 4 ( 1 ) : 25 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. and Costill , D. L. 1972 . Psychological characteristics of the marathon runner . Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 12 : 42 – 46 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan , W. P. and Pollock , M. L. 1977 . Psychological characterization of the elite distance runner . Annals of the New York Academy of Science , 301 : 382 – 403 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Connor , K. and Webb , J. 1976 . Investigation of personality traits of college female athletes and nonathletes . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 47 : 203 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogilvie , B. C. 1968 . Psychological consistencies within the personality of high-level competitors . Journal of the American Medical Association , 205 : 156 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , S. L. , Weber , J. C. and Trousdale , W. W. 1967 . Personality traits of women in team sports vs. women in individual sports . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 38 : 686 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonstroem , R. J. 1978 . Physical estimation and attraction scales: Rationale and research . Medical Science and Sports , 10 : 97 – 102 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , R. L. and Lushene , R. E. 1970 . Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Thakur , G. and Thakur , M. 1980 . Personality differences between the athlete and the nonathletic college male . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 11 : 180 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tripathi , V. 1980 . A study of personality patterns of players and nonplayers . Psychohngua , 10 ( 2 ) : 61 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Werner , A. C. and Gottheil , E. 1966 . Personality development and participation in college athletics . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 37 : 126 – 131 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , J. M. 1978 . “ Personality characteristics of the successful female athlete. ” . In Sport psychology: An analysis of athlete behavior Edited by: Straub , W. F. 249 – 255 . Ithaca , N.Y. : Movement Publications. .
   Google Scholar