1,389
Views
141
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Psychology

Stress Reduction and Mood Enhancement in Four Exercise Modes: Swimming, Body Conditioning, Hatha Yoga, and Fencing

&
Pages 148-159 | Accepted 23 Jun 1987, Published online: 22 Feb 2013

References

  • Allen , R. J. 1983 . “ Yoga and breath ” . In Human Stress: Its nature and control , 200 – 221 . Minneapolis : Burgess Publishing .
  • American Psychological Association . 1981 . Ethical principles of psychologists (revised) . American Psychologist , 36 : 633 – 638 .
  • Bahrke , M. S. and Morgan , W. P. 1978 . Anxiety reduction following exercise and meditation . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 2 : 323 – 333 .
  • Benson , H. 1975 . The relaxation response , New York : Avon Books .
  • Berger , B. G. 1972 . Relationships between the environmental factors of temporal spatial uncertainty, probability of physical harm, and nature of competition and selected personality characteristics of athletes . Dissertation Abstracts International , 33 : 1014A (University Microfilms No. 72–23689, 373)
  • Berger , B. G. 1977 . Effect of uncertainty, physical harm, and competition upon selected personality characteristics of athletes . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 8 : 198 – 209 .
  • Berger , B. G. 1980 . “ The meaning of regular jogging: A phenomenological approach ” . In American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Research Consortium Symposium Papers , Edited by: Cox , R. Vol. 2 , Washington , DC : American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance . Book 2
  • Berger , B. G. 1983/1984 . Stress reduction through exercise: The mind-body connection . Motor Skills: Theory into Practice , 7 : 31 – 46 .
  • Berger , B. G. 1984a . “ Running away from anxiety and depression: A female as well as male race ” . In Running as therapy: An integrated approach , Edited by: Sachs , M. L. and Buffone , G. W. 138 – 171 . Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press .
  • Berger , B. G. 1984b . Free weights for women , New York : Simon & Schuster .
  • Berger , B. G. 1986a . In pursuit of fitness . Shape , July : 85 – 87 . 116–118
  • Berger , B. G. 1986b . “ Use of jogging and swimming as stress reduction techniques ” . In Current selected research in human stress , Edited by: Humphrey , J. H. Vol. 1 , 169 – 190 . New York : AMS Press .
  • Berger , B. G. 1987 . “ Stress reduction following swimming ” . In Exercise and mental health , Edited by: Morgan , W. P. and Goldston , S. E. 139 – 143 . Washington , DC : Hemisphere Publishing .
  • Berger , B. G. , Friedmann , E. and Eaton , M. Comparison of jogging, the relaxation response, and social support for stress reduction . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , (in press)
  • Berger , B. G. and Mackenzie , M. M. 1980 . A case study of a woman jogger: A psychodynamic analysis . Journal of Sport Behavior , 3 : 3 – 16 .
  • Berger , B. G. and Owen , D. R. 1983 . Mood alteration with swimming—swimmers really do “feel better.” . Psychosomatic Medicine , 45 : 425 – 433 .
  • Berger , B. G. and Owen , D. R. 1986 . “ Mood alteration with swimming: A re-evaluation ” . In Current selected research in the psychology and sociology of sport , Edited by: Vander Velden , L. and Humphrey , J. H. Vol. 1 , 97 – 113 . New York : AMS Press .
  • Berger , B. G. and Owen , D. R. Anxiety reduction with swimming: Interrelationships between state, trait, and somatic anxiety . International Journal of Sport Psychology , (in press)
  • Blumenthal , J. A. , Williams , R. S. , Needels , T. L. and Wallace , A. G. 1982 . Psychological changes accompany aerobic exercise in healthy middle-aged adults . Psychosomatic Medicine , 44 : 529 – 536 .
  • Brown , R. W. , Ramirez , D. E. and Taub , J. M. 1978 . The prescription of exercise for depression . The Physician and Sportsmedicine , 6 ( 12 ) : 34 – 37 . 40–41; 44–45
  • Byrd , O. E. 1964 . Viewpoints of bowlers in respect to relief of tension . Physical Educator , 21 : 119 – 120 .
  • Carmack , M. A. and Martens , R. 1979 . Measuring commitment to running: A survey of runners' attitudes and mental states . Journal of Sport Psychology , 1 : 25 – 42 .
  • Davidson , M. and Toporek , J. 1981 . “ General univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and covariance, including repeated measures (URWAS) ” . In BMDP statistical software , Edited by: Dixon , W. J. Berkley : University of California Press .
  • deVries , H. A. 1981 . Tranquilizer effects of exercise: A critical review . Physician and Sports Medicine , 9 ( 11 ) : 46 – 55 .
  • deVries , H. A. and Adams , G. M. 1972 . Electromyographic comparison of single doses of exercise and meprobamate as to effect on muscular relaxation . American Journal of Physical Medicine , 51 : 130 – 141 .
  • Eichman , W. J. 1978 . “ Profile of mood states ” . In The eighth mental measurements yearbook: Vol. 1 , Edited by: Buros , O. K. 1016 – 1018 . Highland Park , NJ : The Gryphon Press .
  • Eysenck , H. S. and Eysenck , S. B. 1968 . Eysenck personality inventory manual , San Diego : Educational and Industrial Testing Service .
  • Fleishman , E. A. 1975 . Toward a taxonomy of human performance . American Psychologist , 30 : 1127 – 1149 .
  • Frane , J. 1981 . “ BMDPAM—Description and estimation of missing data ” . In BMDP statistical software , Edited by: Dixon , W. J. 217 – 234 . Los Angeles : University of California Press .
  • Freedson , P. S. , Mihevic , P. M. , Loucks , A. B. and Girandola , R. N. 1983 . Physique, body composition, and psychological characteristics of competitive female body builders . The Physician and Sportsmedicine , 11 ( 5 ) : 85 – 90 .
  • Fuchs , C. Z. and Zaichkowsky , L. D. 1983 . Psychological characteristics of male and female bodybuilders: The iceberg profile . Journal of Sport Behavior , 6 : 137 – 145 .
  • Gentile , A. M. 1972 . A working model of skill acquisition with application to teaching . Quest , 17 : 3 – 23 .
  • Glasser , W. 1976 . Positive addiction , New York : Harper & Row .
  • Goldwater , B. C. and Collis , M. L. 1985 . Psychologic effects of cardiovascular conditioning: A controlled experiment . Psychosomatic Medicine , 47 : 174 – 181 .
  • Goyeche , J. R. 1979 . Yoga as therapy in psychosomatic medicine . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 31 : 373 – 381 .
  • Greist , J. H. , Klein , M. H. , Eischens , R. R. , Faris , J. , Gurman , A. S. and Morgan , W. P. 1978 . Running through your mind . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 22 : 259 – 294 .
  • Gurley , V. , Neuringer , A. and Masse , J. 1984 . Dance and sports compared: Effects on psychological well-being . Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness , 24 : 58 – 68 .
  • Gutmann , M. C. , Pollock , M. L. , Foster , C. and Schmidt , D. 1984 . Training stress in Olympic speed skaters: A psychological perspective . The Physician and Sportsmedicine , 12 ( 12 ) : 45 – 57 .
  • Hayden , R. M. and Allen , G. J. 1984 . Relationship between aerobic exercise, anxiety, and depression: Convergent validation by knowledgeable informants . Journal of Sports Medicine , 24 : 69 – 74 .
  • Kabat-Zinn , J. , Lipworth , L. and Burney , R. 1985 . The clinical use of mindfulness meditation for the self-regulation of chronic pain . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 8 : 163 – 190 .
  • Kavanagh , T. , Shephard , R. J. , Tuck , J. A. and Qureshi , S. 1977 . Depression following myocardial infarction: The effects of distance running . Annals of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences , 301 : 1029 – 38 .
  • Kenyon , G. S. 1968 . A conceptual model for characterizing physical activity . Research Quarterly , 39 : 96 – 105 .
  • Lichtman , S. and Poser , E. G. 1983 . The effects of exercise on mood and cognitive functioning . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 27 : 45 – 52 .
  • Lysebeth , A. C. 1971 . Yoga: Self-taught , New York : Barnes & Noble Books .
  • Mandell , A. 1979 . The second second wind . Psychiatric Annals , 9 : 57 – 69 .
  • Martinsen , E. W. 1987 . “ Interaction of exercise and medication in the psychiatric patient ” . In Exercise and mental health , Edited by: Morgan , W. P. and Goldston , S. E. 85 – 95 . Washington , DC : Hemisphere Publishing .
  • McNair , D. M. , Lorr , M. and Droppleman , L. F. 1971 . Profile of mood states manual , San Diego : Educational and Industrial Testing Service .
  • Morgan , W. P. 1979 . Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity . Psychiatric Annals , 9 March : 141 – 147 .
  • Morgan , W. P. 1980 . Test of champions: The iceberg profile . Psychology Today , 21 July : 92 – 99 . 101; 108
  • Morgan , W. P. 1987 . “ Reduction of state anxiety following acute physical activity ” . In Exercise and mental health , Edited by: Morgan , W. P. and Goldston , S. E. 105 – 109 . Washington , DC : Hemisphere .
  • Morgan , W. P. and Horstman , D. H. 1976 . Anxiety reduction following acute physical activity . Medicine and Science in Sports , 8 : 62
  • Morgan , W. P. and Pollock , M. L. 1977 . “ Psychological characterization of the elite distance runner ” . In Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , Edited by: Milvy , P. 301 New York : New York Academy of Sciences . 382–403
  • Morse , D. R. , Cohen , L. , Furst , M. L. and Martin , J. S. 1984 . A physiological evaluation of the yoga concept of respiratory control of autonomic nervous system activity . International Journal of Psychosomatics , 31 ( 1 ) : 3 – 19 .
  • Paffenbarger , R. S. , Hyde , R. T. , Wing , A. L. and Hsieh , C. 1986 . Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni . New England Journal of Medicine , 314 : 605 – 613 .
  • Patel , C. 1973 . Yoga and biofeedback in the management of hypertension . Lancet , 2 : 1053 – 1055 .
  • Patel , C. 1975 . Twelve-month follow-up of yoga and biofeedback in the management of hypertension . Lancet , 1 : 62 – 64 .
  • Patel , C. 1984 . “ Yogic therapy ” . In Principles and practice of stress management , Edited by: Woolfolk , R. L. and Lehrer , P. M. 70 – 107 . New York : The Guilford Press .
  • Poulton , E. C. 1957 . On prediction in skilled movements . Psychological Bulletin , 54 : 467 – 478 .
  • Schwartz , G. E. , Davidson , R. J. and Coleman , D. 1978 . Patterning of cognitive and somatic processes in the self-regulation of anxiety: Effects of meditation versus exercise . Psychosomatic Medicine , 40 : 321 – 328 .
  • Shannahoff-Khalsa , D. 1984 . Rhythms and reality: The dynamics of the mind . Psychology Today , September : 72 – 73 .
  • Sharkey , B. 1984 . Physiology of fitness, , 2nd ed. , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics Publishers .
  • Silva , J. M. , Shultz , B. B. , Haslam , R. W. , Martin , T. P. and Murray , D. F. 1985 . Discriminating characteristics of contestants at the United States Olympic wrestling trials . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 16 : 79 – 102 .
  • Singer , R. N. and Gerson , R. F. 1981 . Task classification and strategy utilization in motor skills . Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 52 : 100 – 112 .
  • Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , R. L. and Lushene , R. 1970 . State-trait anxiety inventory manual , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
  • Stroebel , C. F. 1982 . QR: The quieting reflex , New York : Berkley .
  • Todd , J. 1985 . Strength training for female athletes . Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance , 56 ( 6 ) : 38 – 39 .
  • Trujello , C. M. 1983 . The effect of weight training and running exercise intervention programs on the self-esteem of college women . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 14 : 162 – 173 .
  • Tucker , L. A. 1982 . Effect of a weight-training program on the self-concepts of college males . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 54 : 1055 – 1061 .
  • Tucker , L. A. 1984 . Physical attractiveness, somatotype, and the male personality: A dynamic interactional perspective . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 40 : 1226 – 1234 .
  • Vann , J. 1983 . “ Yoga ” . In Reach for it! A handbook of exercise and dance activities for older adults , Edited by: Corbin , D. E. and Metal-Corbin , J. 183 – 203 . Dubuque , IA : Eddie Bowers Publishing .
  • Wankel , L. M. and Kreisel , P. S. 1985 . Factors underlying enjoyment of youth sports: Sport and age group comparisons . Journal of Sport Psychology , 7 : 51 – 64 .
  • Wilson , V. E. , Berger , B. G. and Bird , E. I. 1981 . Effects of running and of an exercise class on anxiety . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 53 : 472 – 474 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.