4,268
Views
113
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Topics: Top 10 Research Questions

Top 10 Research Questions Related to Growth and Maturation of Relevance to Physical Activity, Performance, and Fitness

REFERENCES

  • Andersen, L. B., Harro, M., Sardinha, L. B., Froberg, K., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., & Anderssen, S. A. (2006). Physical activity and clustered cardiovascular risk in children: A cross-sectional study (The European Heart Study). Lancet, 368, 299–304.
  • Balyi, I., Cardinal, C., Higgs, C., Norris, S., & Way, R. (2005). Canadian Sport for Life: Long-term athlete development resource paper V2. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Canadian Sport Centres.
  • Baumgartner, R. N., Roche, A. F., & Himes, J. H. (1986). Incremental growth tables: Supplementary to previously published charts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, 711–722.
  • Beets, M. W., Vogel, R., Forlaw, L., Pitetti, K. H., & Cardinal, B. J. (2006). Social support and youth physical activity: The role of provider and type. American Journal of Health and Behavior, 30, 278–289.
  • Beunen, G. P., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R. M., Delvaux, K., Thomis, M., Claessens, A. L., … Renson, R. (2004). Adolescent correlates of adult physical activity: A 26-year follow-up. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 1930–1936.
  • Beunen, G., & Malina, R. M. (1988). Growth and physical performance relative to the timing of the adolescent spurt. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 16, 503–540.
  • Beunen, G. P., Malina, R. M., Lefevre, J., Claessens, A. L., Renson, R., Simons, J., … Lysens, R. (1994). Size, fatness and relative fat distribution of males of contrasting maturity status during adolescence and as adults. International Journal of Obesity, 18, 670–678.
  • Beunen, G., Malina, R. M., Ostyn, M., Renson, R., Simons, J., & Van Gerven, D. (1983). Fatness, growth and motor fitness of Belgian boys 12 through 20 years of age. Human Biology, 55, 599–613.
  • Beunen, G. P., Peeters, M. W., Matton, L., Claessens, A. L., Thomis, M. A., & Lefevre, J. A. (2009). Timing of adolescent somatic maturity and midlife muscle function: A 34-yr follow-up. Medicine and Science in Exercise and Sports, 41, 1729–1734.
  • Bielicki, T. (1975). Interrelationships between various measures of maturation rate in girls during adolescence. Studies in Physical Anthropology, 1, 51–64.
  • Bielicki, T., Koniarek, J., & Malina, R. M. (1984). Interrelationships among certain measures of growth and maturation rate in boys during adolescence. Annals of Human Biology, 11, 201–210.
  • Bouchard, C., An, P., Rice, T., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Gagnon, J., … Rao, D. C. (1999). Familial aggregation of VO(2max) response to exercise training: Results from the HERITAGE Family Study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 87, 1003–1008.
  • Bouchard, C., Malina, R. M., & Perusse, L. (1997). Genetics of fitness and physical performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Bouchard, C., & Rankinen, T. (2001). Individual differences in response to regular physical activity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(Suppl. 6), S446–S451.
  • Brage, S., Wedderkopp, N., Ekelund, U., Franks, P. A., Wareham, N. J., Andersen, L. B., & Froberg, K. (2004). Features of the metabolic syndrome are associated with objectively measured physical activity and fitness in Danish children. Diabetes Care, 27, 2141–2148.
  • Campbell, M. W.-C., Williams, J., Carlin, J. B., & Wake, M. (2011). Is the adiposity rebound a rebound in adiposity?International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 6, e207–e215.
  • Chen, L., Zhang, C., Ye, A., Mumford, S. L., Wacławski-Wende, J., & Schisterman, E. F. (2011). Age at menarche and metabolic markers for type 2 diabetes in premenopausal women: The BioCycle Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 96, e1007–e1012.
  • Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M., & Dietz, W. H. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. British Medical Journal, 320, 1240–1243.
  • Cole, T. J., Flegal, K. M., Nicholls, D., & Jackson, A. A. (2007). Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: International survey. British Medical Journal, 335, 194–201.
  • Cumming, S. P., Sherar, L. B., Gammon, C., Standage, M., & Malina, R. M. (2012). Physical activity and self-concept in adolescence: A comparison of girls at the extremes of the biological maturation continuum. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22, 746–757.
  • Cumming, S. P., Sherar, L. B., Pindus, D. M., Coelho e Silva, M. J., Malina, R. M., & Jardine, P. R. (2012). A biocultural model of maturity-associated variance in adolescent physical activity. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5, 22–43.
  • Cumming, S. P., Standage, M., Gillison, F. B., Dompier, T. P., & Malina, R. M. (2009). Biological maturity status, body size, and exercise behaviour in British youth: A pilot study. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 677–686.
  • Cumming, S. P., Standage, M., Gillison, F., & Malina, R. M. (2008). Sex differences in exercise behavior during adolescence: Is biological maturation a confounding factor?Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 480–485.
  • de Onis, M., Onyango, A. W., Borghi, E., Siyam, A., Nishida, C., & Siekmann, J. (2007). Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 85, 660–667.
  • Drenowatz, C., Wartha, O., Klenk, J., Brandstetter, S., Wabitsch, M., & Steinacker, J. (2013). Differences in health behavior, physical fitness, and cardiovascular risk in early, average, and late mature children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 25, 69–83.
  • Dunton, G., McConnell, R., Jerrett, M., Wolch, J., Lam, C., Gilliland, F., & Berhane, K. (2012). Organized physical activity in young school children and subsequent 4-year change in body mass index. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 166, 713–718.
  • Eaton, W. O., & Yu, A. P. (1989). Are sex differences in child motor activity level a function of sex differences in maturational status?Child Development, 60, 1005–1011.
  • Eisenmann, J. C., Welk, G. J., Wickel, E. E., & Blair, S. N. (2004). Stability of variables associated with the metabolic syndrome from adolescence to adulthood: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. American Journal of Human Biology, 16, 690–696.
  • Eisenmann, J., & Wickel, E. E. (2009). The biological basis of physical activity in children: Revisited. Pediatric Exercise Science, 21, 257–272.
  • Eisenmann, J. C., Wickel, E. E., Welk, G. J., & Blair, S. N. (2005). Relationship between adolescent fitness and fatness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adulthood: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. American Heart Journal, 149, 46–53.
  • Ekelund, U., Anderssen, S. A., Froberg, K., Sardinha, L. B., Andersen, L. B., & Brage, S. (2007). Independent associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with metabolic risk factors in children: The European Youth Heart Study. Diabetologia, 50, 1832–1840.
  • Fisher, A., Reilly, J. J., Kelly, L. A., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Paton, J. Y., & Grant, S. (2005). Fundamental movement skills and habitual physical activity in young children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 684–688.
  • Flegal, K. M., Shepherd, J. A., Looker, A. C., Graubard, B. I., Borrud, L. G., Ogden, C. L., … Schenker, N. (2009). Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 500–508.
  • Freedman, D. S., Wang, J., Maynard, L. M., Thornton, J. C., Mei, Z., Pierson, R. N., … Horlick, M. (2005). Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 29, 1–8.
  • Gasser, T., Muller, H. G., Kohler, W., Prader, A., Largo, R., & Molinari, L. (1985). An analysis of the mid-growth and adolescent spurts of height based on acceleration. Annals of Human Biology, 12, 129–148.
  • Gay, J. L., Monsma, E. V., & Torres-McGehee, T. M. (2011). Developmental and contextual risks of social physique anxiety among female athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82, 168–177.
  • Graf, C., Koch, D., Kretschmann-Kandel, E., Falkowski, G., Christ, H., Coburger, S., … Dordel, S. (2004). Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILT-Project). International Journal of Obesity, 28, 22–26.
  • Guo, S. S., Huang, C., Maynard, L. M., Demerath, E., Towne, B., Chumlea, W. C., & Siervogel, R. M. (2000). Body mass index during childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in relation to adult overweight and adiposity: The Fels Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Obesity, 24, 1628–1635.
  • Hancox, R. J., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2004). Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: A longitudinal birth cohort study. Lancet, 364, 257–262.
  • Hernelahti, M., Levalahti, E., Simonen, R. L., Kaprio, J., Kujala, U. M., Uusitalo-Koskinen, A. L., … Videman, T. (2004). Relative roles of heredity and physical activity in adolescence and adulthood on blood pressure. Journal of Applied Physiology, 97, 1046–1052.
  • Huang, Y.-C., & Malina, R. M. (2010). Body mass index and individual physical fitness tests in Taiwanese youth aged 9–18 years. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 5, 404–411.
  • Janz, F. F., Levy, S. M., Burns, T. L., Torner, J. C., Willing, M. C., & Warren, J. J. (2002). Fatness, physical activity, and television viewing in children during the adiposity rebound period: The Iowa Bone Development Study. Preventive Medicine, 35, 563–571.
  • Jones, M. C., Bayley, N., MacFarlane, J. W., & Honzik, M. P. (Eds.). (1971). The course of human development: Selected papers from the longitudinal studies, Institute of Human Development, the University of California, Berkeley. Waltham, MA: Xerox College.
  • Katzmarzyk, P. T., Perusse, L., Malina, R. M., Bergeron, J., Despres, J.-P., & Bouchard, C. (2001). Stability of indicators of the metabolic syndrome from childhood and adolescence to young adulthood: The Quebec Family Study. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54, 190–195.
  • Keys, A., Fidanza, F., Karvonen, M. J., Kimura, N., & Taylor, H. L. (1972). Indices of relative weight and obesity. Journal of Chronic Disease, 25, 329–343.
  • Kindblom, J. M., Lorentzon, M., Norjavaara, E., Lonn, L., Brandberg, J., Angelhed, J.-E., … Ohlsson, C. (2006). Pubertal timing is an independent predictor of central adiposity in young adult males: The Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants Study. Diabetes, 55, 3047–3052.
  • Kuczmarski, R. J., Ogden, C. L., Grummer-Strawn, L. M., Flegal, K. M., Guo, S. S., Wei, R., … Johnson, C. L. (2000). CDC growth charts: United States(Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 314). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
  • Laurson, K. R., Eisenmann, J. C., & Welk, G. J. (2011). Body mass index standards based on agreement with health-related body fat. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(Suppl. 2), S100–S105.
  • Lefevre, J., Beunen, G., Steens, G., Claessens, A., & Renson, R. (1990). Motor performance during adolescence and age thirty as related to age at peak height velocity. Annals of Human Biology, 17, 423–435.
  • Lopes, V. P., Rodrigues, L. P., Maia, J. A. R., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Motor coordination as predictor of physical activity in childhood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21, 663–669.
  • Machado Rodrigues, A. M., Coelho e Silva, M. J., Mota, J., Cumming, S. P., Shearer, L. B., Neville, H., & Malina, R. M. (2010). Confounding effects of biologic maturation on sex differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22, 442–453.
  • Mahon, A. D., Marjerrison, A. D., Lee, J. D., Woodruff, M. E., & Hanna, L. E. (2010). Evaluating the prediction of maximal heart rate in children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81, 466–471.
  • Malina, R. M. (1969). Exercise as an influence upon growth: Review and critique of current concepts. Clinical Pediatrics, 8, 16–26.
  • Malina, R. M. (1979). The effects of exercise on specific tissues, dimensions and functions during growth. Studies in Physical Anthropology, 5, 21–52.
  • Malina, R. M. (1983). Menarche in athletes: A synthesis and hypothesis. Annals of Human Biology, 10, 1–24.
  • Malina, R. M. (1991). Fitness and performance: Adult health and the culture of youth. In R. J.Park & H. M.Eckert (Eds.), New possibilities, new paradigms? (Academy of Physical Education Papers, No. 24, pp. 30–38)Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Malina, R. M. (1994). Physical growth and biological maturation of young athletes. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 22, 389–433.
  • Malina, R. M. (1995). Physical activity and fitness of children and youth: Questions and implications. Medicine, Exercise, Nutrition, and Health, 4, 123–135.
  • Malina, R. M. (1996). Tracking physical activity and fitness across the lifespan. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 48–57.
  • Malina, R. M. (1998). Growth and maturation of young athletes—Is training for sport a factor? In K.-M.Chan & L. J.Micheli (Eds.), Sports and children (pp. 133–161). Hong Kong, People's Republic of China: Williams and Wilkins Asia-Pacific.
  • Malina, R. M. (2001a). Adherence to physical activity from childhood to adulthood: A perspective from tracking studies. Quest, 53, 346–355.
  • Malina, R. M. (2001b). Physical activity and fitness: Pathways from childhood to adulthood. American Journal of Human Biology, 13, 162–172.
  • Malina, R. M. (2001c, September). Tracking of physical activity across the lifespan. Research Digest: President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, 3(14)
  • Malina, R. M. (2002). The young athlete: Biological growth and maturation in a biocultural context. In F. L.Smoll & R. E.Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sports: A biopsychosocial perspective (2nd ed., pp. 261–292). Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
  • Malina, R. M. (2005). Variation in body composition associated with sex and ethnicity. In S. B.Heymsfield, T. G.Lohman, Z. M.Wang, & S. B.Going (Eds.), Human body composition (2nd ed., pp. 271–298). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Malina, R. M. (2006). Weight training in youth—growth, maturation, and safety: An evidence based review. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 478–487.
  • Malina, R. M. (2007). Physical fitness of children and adolescents in the United States: Status and secular change. Medicine and Sport Science, 50, 67–90.
  • Malina, R. M. (2008). Biocultural factors in developing physical activity levels. In A. L.Smith & S. J. H.Biddle (Eds.), Youth physical activity and sedentary behavior: Challenges and solutions (pp. 141–166). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Malina, R. M. (2009). Children and adolescents in the sport culture: The overwhelming majority to the select few. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 7(Suppl. 2), S1–S10.
  • Malina, R. M. (2011). Skeletal age and age verification in youth sport. Sports Medicine, 41, 925–947.
  • Malina, R. M. (2012). Body mass index. In Institute of Medicine (Ed.), Measuring progress in obesity prevention: Workshop report (pp. 42–48). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Malina, R. M., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Armstrong, N., Beunen, G. P., Caine, D., Daly, R. M., … Russell, K. (2013). Role of intensive training in the growth and maturation of artistic gymnasts. Sports Medicine, 43, 783–802.
  • Malina, R. M., Beunen, G. P., Claessens, A. L., Lefevre, J., Vanden Eynde, B., Renson, R., … Simons, J. (1995). Fatness and fitness of girls 7 to 17 years. Obesity Research, 3, 221–231.
  • Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Malina, R. M., Claessens, A. L., Van Aken, K., Thomis, M., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., & Beunen, G. P. (2006). Maturity offset in gymnasts: Application of a prediction equation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38, 1342–1347.
  • Malina, R. M., Coelho e Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, M. J., Carling, C., & Beunen, G. P. (2012). Interrelationships among invasive and non-invasive indicators of biological maturation in adolescent male soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 1705–1717.
  • Malina, R. M., Cumming, S. P., Morano, P. J., Barron, M., & Miller, S. J. (2005). Maturity status of youth football players: A noninvasive estimate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 1044–1052.
  • Malina, R. M., Dompier, T. P., Powell, J. W., Barron, M. J., & Moore, M. T. (2007). Validation of a noninvasive maturity estimate relative to skeletal age in youth football players. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 17, 362–368.
  • Malina, R. M., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (1999). Validity of the body mass index as an indicator of the risk and presence of overweight in adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(Suppl. 1), 131S–136S.
  • Malina, R. M., & Kozieł, S. M. (2014). Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of Polish boys. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 424–437.
  • Malina, R. M., & Kozieł, S. M. (in press). Validation of maturity offset in a longitudinal sample of Polish girls. Journal of Sports Sciences.
  • Malina, R. M., Morano, P. J., Barron, M., Miller, S. J., Cumming, S. P., & Kontos, A. P. (2006). Incidence and player risk factors for injury in youth football. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 214–222.
  • Malina, R. M., Peña Reyes, M. E., Bali Chavez, G., & Little, B. B. (2013). Weight status of indigenous youth in Oaxaca, Southern Mexico: Concordance of IOTF and WHO criteria. Annals of Human Biology, 40, 426–434.
  • Malina, R. M., & Rogol, A. D. (2011). Sport training and the growth and pubertal maturation of young athletes. Pediatric Endocrinology Review, 9, 440–454.
  • Malina, R. M., Skrabanek, M. F., & Little, B. B. (1989). Growth and maturity status of Black and White children classified as obese by different criteria. American Journal of Human Biology, 1, 193–199.
  • Matthys, S. P. J., Vaeyens, R., Coelho e Silva, M. J., Lenoir, M., & Philippaerts, R. (2012). The contribution of growth and maturation in the functional capacity and skill performance of male adolescent handball players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33, 543–549.
  • Mendez-Villanueva, A., Buchheit, M., Kuitunen, S., Poon, T. K., Simpson, B., & Peltola, E. (2010). Is the relationship between sprinting and maximal aerobic speeds in young soccer players affected by maturation?Pediatric Exercise Science, 22, 497–510.
  • Meylan, C. M. P., Cronin, J. B., Oliver, J. L., Hughes, M. G., & McMaster, D. T. (2012). The reliability of jump kinematics and kinetics in children of different maturity status. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 1015–1026.
  • Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 689–694.
  • Mohamed, H., Vaeyens, R., Matthys, S., Multael, M., Lefevre, J., Lenoir, M., & Philippaerts, R. (2009). Anthropometric and performance measures for the development of a talent detection and identification model in youth handball. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 257–266.
  • Moore, L. L., Gao, D., Bradlee, M. L., Cupples, L. A., Sundarajan-Ramamurti, A., Proctor, M. H., … Ellison, R. C. (2003). Does early physical activity predict body fat change throughout childhood?Preventive Medicine, 37, 10–17.
  • Morrissey, J. L., Wenthe, P. J., Letuchy, E. M., Levy, S. M., & Janz, K. F. (2012). Specific types of family support and adolescent non-school physical activity levels. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 333–346.
  • Mundt, C. A., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Whiting, S. J., Bailey, D. A., Faulkner, R. A., & Mirwald, R. L. (2006). Relationships of activity and sugar drink intake on fat mass development in youths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38, 1245–1254.
  • Nader, P. R., Bradley, R. H., Houts, R. M., McRitchie, S. L., & O'Brien, M. (2008). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from ages 9 to 15 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 295–305.
  • Nassis, G. P., Papantakou, K., Skenderi, K., Triandafillopoulou, M., Kavouras, S. A., Yannakoulia, M., … Sidossis, L. S. (2005). Aerobic exercise training improves insulin sensitivity without changes in body weight, body fat, adiponectin, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese girls. Metabolism, 54, 1472–1479.
  • Nicolson, A. B., & Hanley, C. (1953). Indices of physiological maturity: Derivation and interrelationships. Child Development, 24, 3–38.
  • Nurmi-Lawton, J. A., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Mirwald, R. L., Bishop, J. A., Taylor, P., Cooper, C., & New, S. A. (2004). Evidence of sustained skeletal benefits from impact-loading exercise in young females: A 3-year longitudinal study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19, 314–322.
  • Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Chey, T. (2004). Relationships between body composition and fundamental movement skills among children and adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75, 238–247.
  • Okely, A. D., Booth, M. L., & Patterson, J. W. (2001). Relationship of physical activity to fundamental movement skills among adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33, 1899–1904.
  • Pate, R., Oria, M., & Pillsbury, L. (Eds.). (2012). Fitness measures and health outcomes in youth. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  • Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  • Pindus, D. M., Cumming, S. P., Sherar, L. B., Gammon, C., Coelho e Silva, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2013). Maturity-associated variation in physical activity and health-related quality of life in British adolescent girls: Moderating effects of peer acceptance. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. Advance online publication. 10.1007/s12529-013-9344-8.
  • Plachta-Danielzik, S., Bosy-Westphal, A., Kehden, B., Gehrke, M. I., Kromeyer-Hauschild, K., Grillenberger, M., … Müller, M. J. (2013). Adiposity rebound is misclassified by BMI rebound. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67, 984–989.
  • Rarick, G. L. (1960). Exercise and growth. In W. R.Johnson (Ed.), Science and medicine of exercise and sports (pp. 440–465). New York, NY: Harper and Brothers.
  • Reilly, T., Williams, A. M., & Richardson, D. (2003). Identifying talented players. In T.Reilly & A. M.Williams (Eds.), Science and soccer (2nd ed., pp. 307–326). London, England: Routledge.
  • Rizzo, N. S., Ruiz, J. R., Hurtig-Wennlöf, A., Ortega, F. B., & Sjöström, M. (2007). Relationship of physical activity, fitness, and fatness with clustered metabolic risk in children and adolescents: The European Youth Heart Study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150, 388–394.
  • Roche, A. F. (1999). Postnatal physical growth assessment. Clinical Pediatrics and Endocrinology, 8(Suppl. 12), 1–12.
  • Roche, A. F., & Himes, J. H. (1980). Incremental growth charts. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 33, 2041–2052.
  • Roche, A. F., Tyleshevski, F., & Rogers, E. (1983). Non-invasive measurement of physical maturity in children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 54, 364–371.
  • Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Deheeger, M., Bellisle, F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., & Patois, E. (1984). Adiposity rebound in children: A simple indicator for predicting obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 39, 129–135.
  • Rolland-Cachera, M.-F., Deheeger, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Avons, P., Patois, E., & Sempe, M. (1987). Tracking the development of adiposity from one month of age to adulthood. Annals of Human Biology, 14, 219–229.
  • Rowland, T. W., & Boyajian, A. (1995). Aerobic response to endurance exercise training in children. Pediatrics, 96, 654–658.
  • Sacker, A., & Cable, N. (2006). Do adolescent leisure-time physical activities foster health and well-being in adulthood? Evidence from two British birth cohorts. European Journal of Public Health, 16, 331–335.
  • Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J., & Taylor, W. C. (2000). A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 963–975.
  • Seefeldt, V. D. (1980). Developmental motor patterns: Implications for elementary school physical education. In C.Nadeau, W.Holliwell, K.Newell, & G.Roberts (Eds.), Psychology of motor behavior and sport (pp. 314–333). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Seefeldt, V., & Haubenstricker, J. (1982). Patterns, phases, or stages: An analytical model for the study of developmental movement. In J. A. S.Kelso & J. E.Clark (Eds.), The development of movement control and co-ordination (pp. 309–319). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Sheehy, A., Gasser, T., Molinari, L., & Largo, R. H. (1999). An analysis of variance of the pubertal and midgrowth spurts for length and width. Annals of Human Biology, 26, 309–331.
  • Sherar, L. B., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Faulkner, R. A., & Russell, K. W. (2007). Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players?Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 879–886.
  • Sherar, L. B., Cumming, S. P., Eisenmann, J. C., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., & Malina, R. M. (2010). Adolescent biological maturity and physical activity: Biology meets behavior. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22, 332–349.
  • Sherar, L. B., Esliger, D. W., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., & Tremblay, M. A. (2007). Age and gender differences in youth physical activity: Does physical maturity matter?Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 830–835.
  • Sherar, L. B., Gyurcsik, N. C., Humbert, M. L., Dyck, R. G., Fowler-Kerry, S., & Baxter-Jones, A. D. G. (2009). Activity and barriers in girls (8–16 yr) based on grade and maturity status. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41, 87–95.
  • Slaughter, M. H., Lohman, T. G., Boileau, R. A., Horswill, C. A., Stillman, R. J., Van Loan, M. D., & Bemben, D. A. (1988). Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Human Biology, 60, 709–723.
  • Steinhaus, A. H. (1933). Chronic effects of exercise. Physiological Reviews, 13, 103–147.
  • Strong, W. B., Malina, R. M., Blimkie, C. J. R., Daniels, S. R., Dishman, R. K., Gutin, B., … Trudeau, F. (2005). Evidence based physical activity for school youth. Journal of Pediatrics, 146, 732–737.
  • Sun, S. S., Schubert, C. M., Chumlea, W. C., Roche, A. F., Kulin, H. E., Lee, P. A., … Ryan, A. S. (2002). National estimates of the timing of sexual maturation and racial differences among US children. Pediatrics, 110, 911–919.
  • Tanner, J. M. (1962). Growth at adolescence (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
  • Tanner, J. M., & Cameron, N. (1980). Investigation of the mid-growth spurt in height, weight and limb circumferences in single year velocity data from the London 1966–67 growth survey. Annals of Human Biology, 7, 565–577.
  • Taylor, J. M., Portas, M. D., Wright, M. D., Hurst, C., & Weston, M. (2012). Within-season variation of fitness in elite youth female soccer players. Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 1, 2. 10.4172/2324-9080.1000102.
  • Taylor, R. W., Goulding, A., Lewis-Barned, N. J., & Williams, S. M. (2004). Rate of fat gain is faster in girls undergoing early adiposity rebound. Obesity Research, 12, 1228–1230.
  • Taylor, R. W., Jones, I. E., Williams, S. M., & Goulding, A. (2002). Body fat percentages measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry corresponding to recently recommended body mass index cut-offs for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents aged 3–18 y. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 1416–1421.
  • Teran-Garcia, M., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2008). Genes, exercise, growth, and the sedentary, obese child. Journal of Applied Physiology, 105, 988–1001.
  • Thompson, A. M., Baxter-Jones, A. D. G., Mirwald, R. L., & Bailey, D. A. (2003). Comparison of physical activity in male and female children: Does maturation matter?Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35, 1684–1690.
  • Till, K., Cobley, S., O'Hara, J., Chapman, C., & Cooke, C. (2010). Anthropometric, physiological and selection characteristics in high performance UK junior rugby league players. Talent Development and Excellence, 2, 193–207.
  • Vandendriessche, J. B., Vaeyens, R., Vandorpe, B., Lenoir, M., Lefevre, J., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2012). Biological maturation, morphology, fitness, and motor coordination as part of a selection strategy in the search for international youth soccer players (age 15–16 years). Journal of Sports Sciences, 30, 1695–1703.
  • Van der Horst, K., Paw, M. J. C. A., Twisk, J. W. R., & van Mechelen, W. (2007). A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 1241–1250.
  • Vandorpe, B., Vandendriessche, J., Vaeyens, R., Pion, J., Lefevre, J., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2011). Factors discriminating gymnasts by competitive level. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 32, 591–597.
  • Van Lenthe, F. J., Kemper, H. C. G., Van Mechelen, W., Post, G. B., Twisk, J. W. R., Welten, D. C., & Snel, J. (1996). Biological maturation and the distribution of subcutaneous fat from adolescence into adulthood: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Study. International Journal of Obesity, 20, 121–129.
  • Weeks, B. K., & Beck, B. R. (2012). Twice-weekly, in-school jumping improves lean mass, particularly in adolescent boys. Pediatric Obesity, 7, 196–204.
  • Welk, G. J., de Saint-Maurice Maduro, P. F., Laurson, K. R., & Brown, D. D. (2011). Field evaluation of the new FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(Suppl. 2), S131–S142.
  • Whitaker, R. C., Pepe, M. S., Wright, J. A., Seidel, K. D., & Dietz, W. H. (1998). Early adiposity rebound and the risk of adult obesity. Pediatrics, 101, e51–e56.
  • Wickel, E. E., & Eisenmann, J. C. (2007). Maturity-related differences in physical activity among 13- to 14-year-old adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science, 19, 384–392.
  • Wickel, E. E., Eisenmann, J. C., & Welk, G. J. (2009). Maturity-related variation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among 9–14 year olds. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 6, 597–605.
  • Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., O'Neill, J. R., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., & Pate, R. R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity, 16, 1421–1426.
  • Williams, S. M. (2005). Weight and height growth rate and the timing of adiposity rebound. Obesity Research, 13, 1123–1130.
  • Williams, S., & Dickson, N. (2002). Early growth, menarche, and adiposity rebound. Lancet, 359, 580–581.
  • Williams, S. M., & Goulding, A. (2009). Patterns of growth associated with the timing of adiposity rebound. Obesity, 17, 335–341.
  • World Health Organization. (1998). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • Wrotniak, B. H., Epstein, L. H., Dorn, J. M., Jones, K. E., & Kindilis, V. A. (2006). The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Pediatrics, 118, e1758–e1765.
  • Zhu, W. (2012). 17% at or above the 95th percentile—What is wrong with this statement?Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1, 67–69.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.