Development, feasibility, and acceptability of a process based intervention to decrease internalized ageism

References

• Ackerman, L. S., & Chopik, W. J. (2021). Cross-cultural comparisons in implicit and explicit age bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 47(6), 953–968. doi:10.1177/0146167220950070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, X., Lai, D. W. L., & Guo, A. (2016). Ageism and depression: Perceptions of older people as a burden in China. Journal of Social Issues, 72(1), 26–46. doi:10.1111/JOSI.12154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, A. E., & Cantwell, L. E. (2007). Drawing on stereotypes: Using undergraduates’ sketches of elders as a teaching tool. Educational Gerontology, 33(4), 327–348. doi:10.1080/03601270701198950
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyer, A. K., Wolff, J. K., Freiberger, E., & Wurm, S. (2019). Are self-perceptions of ageing modifiable? Examination of an exercise programme with vs. Without a self-perceptions of ageing-intervention for older adults. Psychology and Health, 34(6), 661–676. doi:10.1080/08870446.2018.1556273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnes, D., Sheppard, C., Henderson, C. R., Wassel, M., Cope, R., Barber, C., & Pillemer, K. (2019). Interventions to reduce ageism against older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 109(Issue 8), E1–E9). American Public Health Association Inc. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, E. S., Kannoth, S., Levy, S., Wang, S. Y., Lee, J. E., Levy, B. R., & Bayer, A. (2020). Global reach of ageism on older persons’ health: A systematic review. PLOS one, 15(1), e0220857. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0220857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheavens, J. S., Strunk, D. R., Lazarus, S. A., & Goldstein, L. A. (2012). The compensation and capitalization models: A test of two approaches to individualizing the treatment of depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(11), 699–706. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, S. T. (2017). Self-perception of aging and satisfaction with children’s support. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72(5), 782–791. doi:10.1093/GERONB/GBV113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherry, K. E., Brigman, S., Lyon, B. A., Blanchard, B., Walker, E. J., & Smitherman, E. A. (2016). Self-reported ageism across the lifespan: Role of aging knowledge. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 83(4), 366–380. doi:10.1177/0091415016657562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipperfield, J. G., Newall, N. E., Perry, R. P., Stewart, T. L., Bailis, D. S., & Ruthig, J. C. (2012). Sense of control in late life: Health and survival implications. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(8), 1081–1092. doi:10.1177/0146167212444758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doncel-García, B., Lizaso, I., Fraile-Bermúdez, A. B., Mosquera-Lajas, Á., Santamaría-Trincado, B., Sanz, B., & Irazusta, J. (2022). Reducing negative aging stereotypes via educational intervention in older people: A randomized controlled study. Research on Aging, 45(5–6), 475–485. doi:10.1177/01640275221126100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falletta-Cowden, N., Smith, P., Hayes, S. C., Georgescu, S., & Kolahdouzan, S. A. (2022). What the body reveals about lay knowledge of psychological flexibility. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2848. doi:10.3390/jcm11102848
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiger, P. J., Boggero, I. A., Brake, C. A., Caldera, C. A., Combs, H. L., Peters, J. R., & Baer, R. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based interventions for older adults: A review of the effects on physical and emotional well-being. Mindfulness, 7(2), 296. doi:10.1007/S12671-015-0444-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Manitoba. (2023). Demographic profile of older manitobans. Retrieved from. Retrieved from https://www.gov.mb.ca/asset_library/en/seniors/demographic-profile-older-manitobans-2023-02-22.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gu, D., & Dupre, M. E. (Eds.). (2021). Ageism in social media. In Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging (pp. 186–186). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_300099
   Google Scholar
• Gum, A. M., & Ayalon, L. (2018). Self-perceptions of aging mediate the longitudinal relationship of hopelessness and depressive symptoms. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(4), 591–597. doi:10.1002/GPS.4826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C. (2019). A liberated mind: How to pivot toward what matters. Avery.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Ciarrochi, J., Hofmann, S. G., Chin, F., & Sahdra, B. (2022). Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement. Behavior Research and Therapy, 156, 104155. doi:10.1016/J.BRAT.2022.104155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guildford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haynes, T. L., Heckhausen, J., Chipperfield, J. G., Perry, R. P., & Newall, N. E. (2009). Primary and secondary control strategies: Implications for health and well-being among older adults. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(2), 165–197. doi:10.1521/JSCP.2009.28.2.165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haynes, T. L., Perry, R. P., Stupnisky, R. H., & Daniels, L. M. (2009). A review of attributional retraining treatments: Fostering engagement and persistence in vulnerable college students. Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, 227–272. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9628-0_6
   Google Scholar
• Heckhausen, J., & Schulz, R. (1995). A life-span theory of control. Psychological Review, 102(2), 284–304. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.102.2.284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann, S. G., & Hayes, S. C. (2019). The future of intervention science: Process-based therapy. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(1), 37–50. doi:10.1177/2167702618772296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohaus, L. C., & Spark, J. (2013). 2672 – Getting better with age: Do mindfulness & psychological well-being improve in old age? European Psychiatry, 28, 1. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(13)77295-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont, R. A., Swift, H. J., & Abrams, D. (2015). A review and meta-analysis of age-based stereotype threat: Negative stereotypes, not facts, do the damage. Psychology and Aging, 30(1), 180–193. doi:10.1037/a0038586
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, E. G., & Murrell, A. R. (2021). An experimental study of mindfulness and acceptance-based skills for internalized ageism in older adults and college students. Aging & Mental Health, 26(7), 1487–1494. doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1950613
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, B. R. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychosocial approach to aging. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(6), 332–336. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01662.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, B. R., Slade, M. D., Kunkel, S. R., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 261–270. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy, B. R., Zonderman, A. B., Slade, M. D., & Ferrucci, L. (2012). Memory shaped by age stereotypes over time. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(4), 432–436. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbr120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein, M. J., Pruski, L. A., Marshall, C. E., Blalock, C. L., Murphy, D. L., Plaetke, R., & Lee, S. (2001). The positively Aging® teaching materials improve middle school students’ images of older people. Gerontologist, 41(3), 322–332. doi:10.1093/geront/41.3.322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, C. S., Karaoylas, E., & Starzyk, K. B. (2018). Changes in eudaimonia across the lifespan: A cross-sectional comparison of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(8), 2465–2487. doi:10.1007/s10902-017-9932-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makris, U. E., Higashi, R. T., Marks, E. G., Fraenkel, L., Sale, J. E. M., Gill, T. M., & Reid, M. C. (2015). Ageism, negative attitudes, and competing co-morbidities – Why older adults may not seek care for restricting back pain: A qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0042-z
   Google Scholar
• Mayr, U., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2018). A review and meta-analysis of age-based stereotype threat: Negative stereotypes, not facts, do the damage”: Correction to lamont, swift, and abrams (2015). Psychology and Aging, 33(5), vi. doi:10.1037/pag0000269
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy, D. J., Mackenzie, C. S., Dryden, R. P., & Hamm, J. M. (2024). Perceived control moderates the internalized stigma model of seeking mental health services in distressed older adults. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1–14. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/cou0000733
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy, D. J., Mackenzie, C. S., Porter, M. M., & Chipperfield, J. G. (in press). Reimagine aging: A process-based intervention to decrease internalized ageism. Clinical Gerontologist, 1–14. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/07317115.2024.2355539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, R., Allore, H. G., Trentalange, M., Monin, J. K., Levy, B. R., & Bayer, A. (2015). Increasing negativity of age stereotypes across 200 years: Evidence from a database of 400 million words. PLOS One, 10(2), e0117086. doi:10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0117086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, P. C., Chipperfield, J. G., Hamm, J. M., Perry, R. P., Krylova, M. V., Chuchmach, L. M., & Hladkyj, S. (2022). Attributional retraining: Promoting psychological wellbeing in older adults with compromised health. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 4, 949501. doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.949501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riddler, M. (2020). Size of the anti-aging market worldwide 2020. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/509679/value-of-the-global-anti-aging-market/
   Google Scholar
• Rothbaum, F., Weisz, J. R., & Snyder, S. S. (1982). Changing the world and changing the self: A two-process model of perceived control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 5–37. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkisian, C. A., Prohaska, T. R., Davis, C., & Weiner, B. (2007). Pilot test of an attribution retraining intervention to raise walking levels in sedentary older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(11), 1842–1846. doi:10.1111/J.1532-5415.2007.01427.X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• See, S. T. K., & Nicoladis, E. (2010). Impact of contact on the development of children’s positive stereotyping about aging language competence. Educational Gerontology, 36(1), 52–66. doi:10.1080/03601270903018352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. (2022). Table 98-10-0324-01. Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts. doi:10.25318/9810032401-eng
   Google Scholar
• Steward, A. (2022). Toward interventions to reduce internalized ageism. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(3), 336–355. doi:10.1080/10911359.2021.1898516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steward, A., & Hasche, L. (2022). Exploring lifestyle activities to reduce internalized ageism: Self-efficacy as a mediator between exercise, volunteering, computer use, and self-perceptions of aging. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 94(3), 255–272. doi:10.1177/00914150211024175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, W., & Kreindler, D. (2017). Supporting homework compliance in cognitive behavioral therapy: Essential features of mobile apps. JMIR Mental Health, 4(2). 4(2), e20. doi:10.2196/MENTAL.5283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Top, M., Eris, J., & Kabalcioglu, F. (2012). Quality of life and attitudes toward aging among older women in Turkey. Affilia, 27(4), 406–419. doi:10.1177/0886109912464477
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tovel, H., Carmel, S., & Raveis, V. H. (2019). Relationships among self-perception of aging, physical functioning, and self-efficacy in late life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74(2), 212–221. doi:10.1093/GERONB/GBX056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations. (2022). World population prospects – population division. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://population.un.org/wpp/
   Google Scholar
• Villiers-Tuthill, A., Copley, A., McGee, H., & Morgan, K. (2016). The relationship of tobacco and alcohol use with ageing self-perceptions in older people in Ireland. BMC Public Health, 16(1). doi:10.1186/S12889-016-3158-Y
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westerhof, G. J., Nehrkorn-Bailey, A. M., Tseng, H.-Y., Brothers, A., Siebert, J. S. & Diehl, M. (2023). Longitudinal effects of subjective aging on health and longevity: An updated meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 38(3), 147–166. doi:10.1037/pag0000737
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wingate, L. R. R., van Orden, K. A., Joiner, T. E., Williams, F. M., & Rudd, M. D. (2005). Comparison of compensation and capitalization models when treating suicidality in young adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(4), 756–762. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, J. K., Warner, L. M., Ziegelmann, J. P., & Wurm, S. (2014). What do targeting positive views on ageing add to a physical activity intervention in older adults? Results from a randomised controlled trial. Psychology and Health, 29(8), 915–932. doi:10.1080/08870446.2014.896464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186463
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2023). Ageism. https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageism#tab=tab_1
   Google Scholar
• Yeom, H. E. (2014). Association among ageing-related stereotypic beliefs, self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors in elderly Korean adults. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(9–10), 1365–1373. doi:10.1111/JOCN.12419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar