References
- Bell , L. C. and Perfetti , C. A. 1994 . Reading skill: Some adult comparisons . Journal of Educational Psychology , 86 : 244 – 255 .
- Braze , D. , Tabor , W. , Shankweiler , D. P. and Mencl , W. E. 2007 . Speaking up for vocabulary: Reading skill differences in young adults . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 40 : 226 – 243 .
- Bruck , M. 1998 . “ Outcomes of adults with childhood histories of dyslexia ” . In Reading and spelling: Development and disorders , Edited by: Hulme , C. and Joshi , R. M. 179 – 200 . Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum .
- Cain , K. , Oakhill , J. and Bryant , P. 2000 . Phonological skills and comprehension failure: A test of the phonological processing deficit hypothesis . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 13 : 31 – 56 .
- Catts , H. W. , Fey , M. E. , Zhang , X. and Tomblin , J. B. 1999 . Language basis of reading and reading disabilities: Evidence from a longitudinal investigation . Scientific Studies of Reading , 3 : 331 – 361 .
- Center for Community College Student Engagement . 2010 . Community College Survey of Student Engagement , Austin, TX : The University of Texas at Austin . Retrieved from http://www.ccsse.org/survey
- College Board Tests . 2004 . Accuplacer test , New York, NY : The College Board . Retrieved from http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/accuplacer
- Crain , S. , Shankweiler , D. , Macaruso , P. and Bar-Shalom , E. 1990 . “ Working memory and comprehension of spoken sentences: Investigations of children with reading disorder ” . In Neuropsychological impairments of short-term memory , Edited by: Vallar , G. and Shallice , T. 477 – 508 . Cambridge, , England : Cambridge University Press .
- Cunningham , A. E. , Stanovich , K. E. and Wilson , M. R. 1990 . “ Cognitive variation in adult college students differing in reading ability ” . In Reading and its development: Component skills approaches , Edited by: Carr , T. H. and Levy , B. A. 129 – 159 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
- Cutting , L. E. and Scarborough , H. S. 2006 . Prediction of reading comprehension: Relative contributions of word recognition, language proficiency, and other cognitive skills can depend on how comprehension is measured . Scientific Studies of Reading , 10 : 277 – 299 .
- Dietrich , J. A. and Brady , S. A. 2001 . Phonological representations of adult poor readers: An investigation of specificity and stability . Applied Psycholinguistics , 22 : 383 – 418 .
- Dunn , L. M. and Dunn , L. M. 1997 . Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Revised , 3rd ed. , Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service .
- Ehri , L. C. 1992 . “ Reconceptualizing the development of sight word reading and its relationship to recoding ” . In Reading acquisition , Edited by: Gough , P. B. , Ehri , L. C. and Treiman , R. 107 – 144 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Fletcher , J. M. , Shaywitz , S. E. , Shankweiler , D. P. , Katz , L. , Liberman , I. Y. Stuebing , K. K. 1994 . Cognitive profiles of reading disability: Comparisons of discrepancy and low achievement definitions . Journal of Educational Psychology , 86 : 6 – 23 .
- Gough , P. B. and Tunmer , W. E. 1986 . Decoding, reading, and reading disability . RASE: Remedial and Special Education , 7 : 6 – 10 .
- Hoover , W. A. and Gough , P. B. 1990 . The simple view of reading . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 2 : 127 – 160 .
- Jenkins , J. R. , Fuchs , L. S. , Van Den Broeck , P. , Espin , L. and Demp , S. L. 2003 . Sources of individual differences in reading comprehension and reading fluency . Journal of Educational Psychology , 95 : 719 – 729 .
- Johnson , E. S. , Jenkins , J. R. and Jewell , M. 2005 . Analyzing components of reading on performance assessments: An expanded simple view . Reading Psychology , 26 : 267 – 283 .
- Joshi , R. M. and Aaron , P. G. 2000 . The component model of reading: Simple view of reading made a little more complex . Reading Psychology , 21 : 85 – 97 .
- Karlson , B. and Gardener , E. 1995 . Stanford diagnostic reading test , 4th ed. , San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation .
- Leach , J. M. , Scarborough , H. S. and Rescorla , L. 2003 . Late-emerging reading disabilities . Journal of Educational Psychology , 95 : 211 – 224 .
- LeVasseur , V. M. , Macaruso , P. , Palumbo , L. C. and Shankweiler , D. 2006 . Syntactically cued text facilitates oral reading fluency in developing readers . Applied Psycholinguistics , 27 : 423 – 445 .
- Lundquist , E. 2003 . Phonological complexity, decoding, and text comprehension , Unpublished doctoral dissertation University of Connecticut, Connecticut .
- Markwardt , F. C. Jr. 1998 . Peabody individual achievement test–Revised , Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service .
- Oakhill , J. V. , Cain , K. and Bryant , P. E. 2003 . The dissociation of word reading and text comprehension: Evidence from component skills . Language and Cognitive Processes , 18 : 443 – 468 .
- Palmer , J. , MacLeod , C. M. , Hunt , E. and Davidson , J. E. 1985 . Information processing correlates of reading . Journal of Memory and Language , 24 : 59 – 88 .
- Paulesu , E. , Frith , U. , Snowling , M. , Gallagher , A. , Morton , J. Frackowiak , R. S. J. 1996 . Is developmental dyslexia a disconnection syndrome? Evidence from PET scanning . Brain , 119 : 143 – 157 .
- Perfetti , C. A. and Hart , L. 2002 . “ The lexical quality hypothesis ” . In Precursors of functional literacy , Edited by: Verhoeven , L. 189 – 313 . Philadelphia : Benjamins .
- Perin , D. 1983 . Phonemic segmentation and spelling . British Journal of Psychology , 74 : 129 – 44 .
- Rack , J. P. , Snowling , M. J. and Olson , R. K. 1992 . The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: A review . Reading Research Quarterly , 27 : 28 – 53 .
- Ransby , M. J. and Swanson , H. L. 2003 . Reading comprehension skills of young adults with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 36 : 538 – 555 .
- Roth , L. S. , Keenan , J. M. and Olson , R. K. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Scientific Study of Reading . Vancouver, CA. In-context and out-of-context fluency as predictors of reading comprehension and comprehension monitoring ,
- Seigneuric , A. , Ehrlich , M. F. , Oakhill , J. V. and Yuill , N. M. 2000 . Working memory resources and childrens reading comprehension . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 13 : 81 – 103 .
- Shankweiler , D. and Crain , S. 1986 . Language mechanisms and reading disorder: A modular approach . Cognition , 24 : 139 – 168 .
- Shankweiler , D. , Lundquist , E. , Dreyer , L. and Dickinson , C. 1996 . Reading and spelling difficulties in high school students: Causes and consequences . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 8 : 267 – 294 .
- Shankweiler , D. , Lundquist , E. , Katz , L. , Steubing , K. , Fletcher , J. Brady , S. 1999 . Comprehension and decoding: Patterns of association in children with reading difficulties . Scientific Studies of Reading , 3 : 95 – 112 .
- Share , D. L. 1995 . Pronological recoding and self-teaching: Sine qua non or reading acquisition . Cognition , 55 : 151 – 218 .
- Shaywitz , S. E. , Fletcher , J. M. , Holahan , J. M. , Shneider , A. E. , Marchione , K. E. Steubing , K. K. 1999 . Persistence of dyslexia: The Connecticut Longitudinal Study at Adolescence . Pediatrics , 104 : 1351 – 1359 .
- Snowling , M. , Nation , K. , Moxham , P. , Gallagher , A. and Frith , U. 1997 . Phonological processing skills of dyslexic students in higher education: A preliminary report . Journal of Research in Reading , 20 : 31 – 41 .
- Spear-Swerling , L. 2006 . Children's reading comprehension and oral reading fluency in easy text . Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal , 19 : 199 – 220 .
- Thurstone , L. L. 1944 . A factorial study of perception , Psychometric Monograph No. 4 Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
- Tiu , R. D. , Thompson , L. A. and Lewis , B. A. 2003 . The role of IQ in a component model of reading . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 36 : 424 – 436 .
- Vellutino , F. R. , Tunmer , W. E. , Jaccard , J. J. and Chen , R. 2007 . Components of reading ability: Multivariate evidence for a convergent skills model of reading development . Scientific Studies of Reading , 11 : 3 – 32 .
- Wechsler , D. 1997 . WAIS-III administration and scoring manual , San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation .
- Wolff , U. and Lundberg , I. 2003 . A technique for group screening of dyslexia among adults . Annals of Dyslexia , 53 : 324 – 339 .
- Woodcock , R. W. , McGrew , K. S. and Mather , N. 2001 . Woodcock-Johnson III test , Itaska, IL : Riverside Publishing Company .