References
- Peeters GMEE, Jones M, Byles J, Dobson AJ. Long-term consequences of noninjurious and injurious falls on well-being in older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(12):1519–1525. doi:10.1093/gerona/glv102
- American Occupational Therapy Association. Occupational therapy and the prevention of falls fact sheet. 2017. https://www.aota.org/~/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/PA/Falls.pdf
- Center for Disease Control. Falls among older adults: an overview. 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html. Accessed July 16, 2018.
- Satariano WA, Wang C, Kealey ME, Kurtovich E, Phelan EA. Risk profiles for falls among older adults: new directions for prevention. Front Public Health. 2017;5:1–8. doi:10.3389/pubh.2017.00142.
- Kelsey JL, Procter-Gray E, Hannan MT, Li W. Heterogeneity of falls among older adults: implications for public health prevention. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(11):2149–2156. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300677
- Kelsey JL, Berry SD, Procter-Gray E, et al. Indoor and outdoor falls in older adults are different: the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(11):2135–2141.
- Li W, Keegan THM, Sternfeld B, Sidney S, Quesenberry CP, Kelsey JL. Outdoor falls among middle-aged and older adults: a neglected public health problem. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(7):1192–1199.
- Thomas S, Mackintosh S, Halbert J. Does the Otago exercise programme reduce mortality and falls in older adults?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2010;39(6):681–687.
- Smith ML, Jiang L, Ory MG. Falls efficacy among older adults enrolled in an evidenced-based program to reduce fall-related risk. Fam Community Health. 2012;35(3):256–263.
- Tennstedt S, Howland J, Lachman M, Peterson E, Kasten L, Jette A. A randomized, controlled trial of a group intervention to reduce fear of falling and associated activity restriction in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1998;53B(6):384–392.
- Clemson L, Cumming RG, Kendig H, Swann M, Heard R, Taylor K. The effectiveness of a community-based program for reducing the incidence of falls in the elderly: A randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:1487–1494.
- Chase CA, Mann K, Wasek S, Arbesman M. Systematic review of the effect of home modification and fall prevention programs on falls and the performance of community-dwelling older adults. Am J Occup Ther. 2012;66(3):284–291.
- Nyman SR, Ballinger C, Phillips JE, Newton R. Characteristics of outdoor falls among older people: a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr. 2013;13:125. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2318-13-125.pdf
- Chippendale T, Boltz M. The neighborhood environment: perceived fall risk, resources and strategies for fall prevention. Gerontologist. 2015;55:1–9.
- Finlay J, Franke T, McKay H, Sims-Gould J. Therapeutic landscapes and wellbeing in later life: impacts of blue and green spaces for older adults. Health Place. 2015;34:97–106.
- Nascimento CFD, Duarte YAO, Lebrao ML, Filho ADPC. Individual and neighborhood factors associated with functional mobility and falls in elderly residents of Sao Paulo, Brazil: A multilevel analysis. J Aging Health. 2018;30(1):118–139.
- Grant TL, Edwards N, Sveistrup H, Andrew C, Egan M. Inequitable walking conditions among older people: examining the interrelationship of neighborhood socio-economic status and urban form using a comparative case study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):677. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/10/677
- United States Census Bureau. Geography: urban and rural. 2016. https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/urban-rural.html. Accessed July 16, 2018.
- Chippendale T. Development and validity of the outdoor falls questionnaire (OFQ). Int J Rehabil Res 2015;39:263–269.
- Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–1288. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687
- Sandelowski M. Real qualitative researchers do not count: the use of numbers in qualitative research. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(3):230–240.
- Chippendale T, Raveis V. Knowledge, behavioral practices, and experiences of outdoor fallers: implications for prevention programs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;72:19–24. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2017.04.008
- Gyllencreutz L, Bjornstig J, Rolfsman E, Saveman B-I. Outdoor pedestrian fall-related injuries among Swedish senior citizens-injuries and preventive strategies. Scand J Caring Sci. 2015;29(2):225–233. doi:10.1111/scs.12153
- House JS, Lepkowski JM, Williams DR, et al. Excess mortality among urban residents: how much, for whom, and why? Am J Public Health. 2000;90(12):1898–1904.
- Robinson JC, Wyatt SB, Dubbert PM, May W, Sims M. The impact of neighborhood on physical activity in the Jackson Heart Study. Prev Med. 2016;90:216–222.
- Curl A, Aspinall P, Ward-Thompson C, Ormead M. Developing an audit checklist to assess outdoor falls risk. Proc Inst Civ Eng Urban Des Plan. 2016;169:138–153. doi:10.1680/udap.14.00056