Physical Exercise for the Management of Cognitive Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

References

• Redgrave P, Rodriguez M, Smith Y, et al. Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson’s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010;11(11):760–772. doi:10.1038/nrn2915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berganzo K, Tijero B, González-Eizaguirre A, et al. Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and their impact on quality of life and on different clinical subgroups. Neurologia. 2016;31(9):585–591. doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2014.10.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(4):368–376. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frouni I, Kwan C, Belliveau S, Huot P. Cognition and serotonin in Parkinson’s disease. Prog Brain Res. 2022;269(1):373–403. doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Callaghan C, Lewis SJG. Cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;133:557–583. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones JD, Baxter F, Timblin H, Rivas R, Hill CR. Physical inactivity is associated with Parkinson’s disease mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Ment Health Phys Act. 2022;23:100461. doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100461.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global recommendations on physical activity for health. World Health Organization. 2010. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979.
   Google Scholar
• Mandolesi L, Polverino A, Montuori S, et al. Effects of physical exercise on cognitive functioning and wellbeing: biological and psychological benefits. Front Psychol. 2018;9:509. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray DK, Sacheli MA, Eng JJ, Stoessl AJ. The effects of exercise on cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Transl Neurodegener. 2014;3(1):5. doi:10.1186/2047-9158-3-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osborne JA, Botkin R, Colon-Semenza C, et al. Physical therapist management of Parkinson disease: a clinical practice guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association. Phys Ther. 2022;102(4):pzab302. doi:10.1093/ptj/pzab302.
   Google Scholar
• Ciria LF, Román-Caballero R, Vadillo MA, et al. An umbrella review of randomized control trials on the effects of physical exercise on cognition. Nat Hum Behav. 2023;7(6):928–941. doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01554-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ludyga S, Gerber M, Pühse U, Looser VN, Kamijo K. Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating moderators of long-term effects of exercise on cognition in healthy individuals. Nat Hum Behav. 2020;4(6):603–612. doi:10.1038/s41562-020-0851-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke J, Giesche F, Klier K, Vogt L, Herrmann E, Banzer W. Acute Effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function in healthy adults: a systematic review with multilevel meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2019;49(6):905–916. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01085-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallardo-Gómez D, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Noetel M, Álvarez-Barbosa F, Alfonso-Rosa RM, Del Pozo Cruz B. Optimal dose and type of exercise to improve cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;76:101591. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101591.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Northey JM, Cherbuin N, Pumpa KL, Smee DJ, Rattray B. Exercise interventions for cognitive function in adults older than 50: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(3):154–160. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne PM, Walsh JN, Taylor-Piliae RE, et al. Effect of tai chi on cognitive performance in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62(1):25–39. doi:10.1111/jgs.12611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Wu J, Ye M, Wang L, Zheng G. Effect of Baduanjin exercise on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2021;59:102727. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102727.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu C, Yi Q, Zheng X, et al. Effects of mind-body exercises on cognitive function in older adults: a meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):749–758. doi:10.1111/jgs.15714.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xu L, Gu H, Cai X, et al. The Effects of exercise for cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1088. doi:10.3390/ijerph20021088.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang S, Yin H, Jia Y, Zhao L, Wang L, Chen L. Effects of mind-body exercise on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2018;206(12):913–924. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ahn J, Kim M. Effects of aerobic exercise on global cognitive function and sleep in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2023;51:9–16. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li F, Li Q, Jin Y. Effects of tai chi and qigong on cognition in neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2022;46:166–177. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.05.014.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Triegaardt J, Han TS, Sada C, Sharma S, Sharma P. The role of virtual reality on outcomes in rehabilitation of Parkinson’s disease: meta-analysis and systematic review in 1031 participants. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(3):529–536. doi:10.1007/s10072-019-04144-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L-L, Sun C-J, Wang Y, et al. Effects of dance therapy on non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(6):1201–1208. doi:10.1007/s40520-021-02030-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang Q, Hu J, Wei L, Jia Y, Jin Y. Effects of dance therapy on cognitive and mood symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019;36:12–17. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.04.005.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrison H, Griffin SJ, Kuhn I, Usher-Smith JA. Software tools to support title and abstract screening for systematic reviews in healthcare: an evaluation. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):7. doi:10.1186/s12874-020-0897-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan - a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210. doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cashin AG, McAuley JH. Clinimetrics: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. J Physiother. 2020;66(1):59. doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2019.08.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Pi Y, Tan X, et al. Effects of Wu Qin Xi exercise on reactive inhibition in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:961938. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.961938.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lau J, Regis C, Burke C, Kaleda M, McKenna R, Muratori LM. Immersive technology for cognitive-motor training in Parkinson’s disease. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:863930. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.863930.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pereira-Pedro KP, de Oliveira IM, Mollinedo-Cardalda I, Cancela-Carral JM. Effects of cycling dual-task on cognitive and physical function in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized double-blind pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(13):7847. doi:10.3390/ijerph19137847.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freidle M, Johansson H, Ekman U, et al. Behavioural and neuroplastic effects of a double-blind randomised controlled balance exercise trial in people with Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):12. doi:10.1038/s41531-021-00269-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pelosin E, Ponte C, Putzolu M, et al. Motor-cognitive treadmill training with virtual reality in Parkinson’s disease: the effect of training duration. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:753381. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.753381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gryfe P, Sexton A, McGibbon CA. Correction to: using gait robotics to improve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: an open-label, pilot randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2023;59(2):270. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.23.07959-5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu HH, Wang YR, Cheng SJ, Liao KK, Zhou JH, Yang YR. Effects of square-stepping exercise on executive function in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled pilot study. Geriatr Nurs. 2022;47:273–279. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.08.004.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hajebrahimi F, Velioglu HA, Bayraktaroglu Z, Helvaci Yilmaz N, Hanoglu L. Clinical evaluation and resting state fMRI analysis of virtual reality based training in Parkinson’s disease through a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):8024. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12061-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thunga A, Karthikbabu S, Prem V. Comparison of yoga and physiotherapy on motor neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Mov Disord. 2022;5(1):55–64. doi:10.4103/AOMD.AOMD_49_21.
   Google Scholar
• Shen M, Pi Y-L, Li Z, et al. The feasibility and positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on the cognitive and motor functions of patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021;2021:8833736. doi:10.1155/2021/8833736.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gobbi LTB, Pelicioni PHS, Lahr J, Lirani-Silva E, Teixeira-Arroyo C, Santos PCRD. Effect of different types of exercises on psychological and cognitive features in people with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2021;64(1):101407. doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2020.05.011.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaible F, Maier F, Buchwitz TM, et al. Effects of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment BIG and conventional physiotherapy on non-motor and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled study comparing three exercise models. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2021;14:1756286420986744. doi:10.1177/1756286420986744.
   Google Scholar
• Wang X, Chen L, Zhou H, et al. Enriched rehabilitation improves gait disorder and cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:733311. doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.733311.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Avenali M, Picascia M, Tassorelli C, Sinforiani E, Bernini S. Evaluation of the efficacy of physical therapy on cognitive decline at 6-month follow-up in Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(12):3275–3284. doi:10.1007/s40520-021-01865-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moratelli J, Alexandre KH, Boing L, Swarowsky A, Corrêa CL, Guimarães ACA. Binary dance rhythm or quaternary dance rhythm which has the greatest effect on non-motor symptoms of individuals with Parkinson’s disease? Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2021;43:101348. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Passos-Monteiro E, B. Schuch F, T. Franzoni L, et al. Nordic walking and free walking improve the quality of life, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. JFMK. 2020;5(4):82. doi:10.3390/jfmk5040082.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn W, Neufeld T, Müller T. Kinesiology training in patients with Parkinson’s disease: results of a pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020;127(5):793–798. doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02123-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King LA, Mancini M, Smulders K, et al. Cognitively challenging Agility Boot Camp Program for freezing of gait in Parkinson disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2020;34(5):417–427. doi:10.1177/1545968320909331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung SH, Hasegawa N, Mancini M, et al. Effects of the agility boot camp with cognitive challenge (ABC-C) exercise program for Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2020;6(1):31. doi:10.1038/s41531-020-00132-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Batista C, de Lima-Pardini AC, Nucci MP, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of exercise for parkinsonian individuals with freezing of gait. Mov Disord. 2020;35(9):1607–1617. doi:10.1002/mds.28128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson H, Freidle M, Ekman U, et al. Feasibility aspects of exploring exercise-induced neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Parkinsons Dis. 2020;2020:2410863. doi:10.1155/2020/2410863.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beck EN, Wang MTY, Intzandt BN, Almeida QJ, Ehgoetz Martens KA. Sensory focused exercise improves anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0230803. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230803.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biddiscombe KJ, Ong B, Kalinowski P, Pike KE. Physical activity and cognition in young-onset Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand. 2020;142(2):151–160. doi:10.1111/ane.13256.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moon S, Sarmento CVM, Steinbacher M, et al. Can Qigong improve non-motor symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease - a pilot randomized controlled trial? Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101169. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Martín Valenzuela C, Moscardó LD, López-Pascual J, Serra-Añó P, Tomás JM. Effects of dual-task group training on gait, cognitive executive function, and quality of life in people with Parkinson disease: results of randomized controlled DUALGAIT Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(11):1849–1856.e1. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2020.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorelli CM, Ciolac EG, Simieli L, et al. Differential acute effect of high-intensity interval or continuous moderate exercise on cognition in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. J Phys Act Health. 2019;16(2):157–164. doi:10.1123/jpah.2018-0189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Kolk NM, de Vries NM, Kessels RPC, et al. Effectiveness of home-based and remotely supervised aerobic exercise in Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(11):998–1008. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30285-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marusiak J, Fisher BE, Jaskólska A, et al. Eight weeks of aerobic interval training improves psychomotor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease-randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(5):880. doi:10.3390/ijerph16050880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacheli MA, Neva JL, Lakhani B, et al. Exercise increases caudate dopamine release and ventral striatal activation in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2019;34(12):1891–1900. doi:10.1002/mds.27865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solla P, Cugusi L, Bertoli M, et al. Sardinian folk dance for individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2019;25(3):305–316. doi:10.1089/acm.2018.0413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michels K, Dubaz O, Hornthal E, Bega D. “Dance Therapy” as a psychotherapeutic movement intervention in Parkinson’s disease. Complement Ther Med. 2018;40:248–252. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son HG, Choi EO. The effects of Mindfulness Meditation-based Complex Exercise Program on motor and non-motor symptoms, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2018;12(2):145–153. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2018.06.001.
   Google Scholar
• Silveira CRA, Roy EA, Intzandt BN, Almeida QJ. Aerobic exercise is more effective than goal-based exercise for the treatment of cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Cogn. 2018;122:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2018.01.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergara-Diaz G, Osypiuk K, Hausdorff JM, et al. Tai chi for reducing dual-task gait variability, a potential mediator of fall risk in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Glob Adv Health Med. 2018;7:2164956118775385. doi:10.1177/2164956118775385.
   Google Scholar
• Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Kanegusuku H, et al. Balance and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease is improved after exercises with motor complexity. Gait Posture. 2018;61:90–97. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.12.027.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang JH, Wang YQ, Ye SQ, Cheng YG, Chen Y, Feng XZ. The effects of group-based versus individual-based tai chi training on nonmotor symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Parkinsons Dis. 2017;2017:8562867. doi:10.1155/2017/8562867.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Oliveira RT, Felippe LA, Bucken Gobbi LT, Barbieri FA, Christofoletti G. benefits of exercise on the executive functions in people with Parkinson disease: a controlled clinical trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;96(5):301–306. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000612.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altmann LJP, Stegemöller E, Hazamy AA, et al. aerobic exercise improves mood, cognition, and language function in Parkinson’s disease: results of a controlled study. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2016;22(9):878–889. doi:10.1017/S135561771600076X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Roschel H, et al. resistance training with instability for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(9):1678–1687. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000945.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Picelli A, Varalta V, Melotti C, et al. Effects of treadmill training on cognitive and motor features of patients with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease: a pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Funct Neurol. 2016;31(1):25–31. doi:10.11138/fneur/2016.31.1.025.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• David FJ, Robichaud JA, Leurgans SE, et al. Exercise improves cognition in Parkinson’s disease: the PRET-PD randomized, clinical trial. Mov Disord. 2015;30(12):1657–1663. doi:10.1002/mds.26291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira-Machado L, Araújo FM, Cunha FA, Menezes M, Menezes T, Melo DeSantana J. Feldenkrais method-based exercise improves quality of life in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: a controlled, randomized clinical trial. Altern Ther Health Med. 2015;21(1):8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rios Romenets S, Anang J, Fereshtehnejad SM, Pelletier A, Postuma R. Tango for treatment of motor and non-motor manifestations in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized control study. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(2):175–184. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2015.01.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King LA, Wilhelm J, Chen Y, et al. Effects of group, individual, and home exercise in persons with Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2015;39(4):204–212. doi:10.1097/NPT.0000000000000101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebersbach G, Ebersbach A, Gandor F, Wegner B, Wissel J, Kupsch A. Impact of physical exercise on reaction time in patients with Parkinson’s disease-data from the Berlin BIG Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(5):996–999. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.10.020.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nocera JR, Amano S, Vallabhajosula S, Hass CJ. Tai chi exercise to improve non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. J Yoga Phys Ther. 2013;3 doi:10.4172/2157-7595.1000137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gobbi LTB, Teixeira-Arroyo C, Lirani-Silva E, Vitório R, Barbieri FA, Pereira MP. Effect of different exercise programs on the psychological and cognitive functions of people with Parkinson’s disease. Motriz: rev Educ Fis. 2013;19(3):597–604. doi:10.1590/S1980-65742013000300010.
   Google Scholar
• Shih CH, Moore K, Browner N, Sklerov M, Dayan E. Physical activity mediates the association between striatal dopamine transporter availability and cognition in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2019;62:68–72. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.01.027.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johansson ME, Cameron IGM, Van der Kolk NM, et al. Aerobic exercise alters brain function and structure in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Neurol. 2022;91(2):203–216. doi:10.1002/ana.26291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Xu Y, Guo H, Tang C, Chen D, Zhu M. Effects of aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise in Parkinson’s disease: a mixed-treatment comparison analysis. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:739115. doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.739115.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar