Spatial Complexity Measured at a Multi-Scale in Three Aquatic Plant Species

LITERATURE CITED

• Anderson , O. 1984 . Optimal foraging by largemouth bass in structured environments. . Ecology , 654 : 351 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Allen , T. F. H. and Starr , T. B. 1982 . Hierarchy: perspectives for ecological diversity Chicago, Illinois, , USA : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Borgmann , U. 1987 . Models on the shape of and biomass flow up, the biomass size-spectrum. . Can. J. fish. Aquat. Sci. , 44 : 136 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter , S. R. and Lodge , D. M. 1986 . Effects of submerged macrophytes on ecosystem processes. . Aquatic Botany , 26 : 55 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chick , J. H. and McIvor , C. C. 1994 . Patterns in the abundance and composition of fishes among beds of different macrophytes: viewing a littoral zone as a landscape. . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 51 : 2873 – 2882 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , S. , Diehl , S. , Kratz , K. and Sarnelle , O. 1998 . Implication of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology. . Australian J. Ecol. , 23 : 27 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowl , T. A. and Schell , G. D. 1990 . Factors determining population density and size distribution of a freshwater snail in streams: effects of spatial scale. . Oikos , 59 : 359 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyr , H. and Downing , J. A. 1988 . The abundance of phytophilous invertebrates on different species of submerged macrophytes. . Freshwater Biol. , 20 : 365 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibble , E. D. , Killgore , K. J. and Dick , G. O. 1996 . Measurement of plant architecture in seven aquatic plants. . J. Freshwater Ecol. , 11 : 311 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dibble , E. D. 1993 . A patch dynamics study of habitat use by juvenile centrachids in an Ozark reservoir 113 Doctoral dissertation. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
   Google Scholar
• Dionne , M. and Folt , C. 1991 . An experimental analysis of macroophyte growth forms as fish foraging habitat. . Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 48 : 123 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley , T. L. 1988 . The roles of plant complexity and epiphyton in colonization of macrophytes by stream insects. . Verh. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. , 23 : 1153 – 1158 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , D. O. , Henderson , B. A. , Bax , N. J. , Marshall , T. R. , Oglesby , R. T. and Christie , W. J. 1987 . Can. . J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 44 : 448 – 470 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck , K. L. Jr and Crowder , L. B. 1991 . “ Habitat structure and predator-prey interactions in vegetated aquatic systems ” . In Habitat structure: the physical arrangement of objects in space Edited by: Bell , S. S. , McCoy , E. D. and Mushinsky , H. R. 281 – 299 . New York, N.Y : Chapmann & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Jeffries , M. 1993 . Invertebrate colonization of artificial pondweeds of differing fractal dimension. . Oikos , 67 : 142 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , S. A. 1992 . The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. . Ecology , 73 : 1943 – 1967 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , J. , Herlihy , A. , Gerth , W. , Kaufmann , P. , Regory , S. , Urquhart , S. and Larsen , D. P. 2001 . Variability in stream macroinvertebrates at multiple spatial scales. . Freshwater Biol. , 46 : 87 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillie , R. A. and Budd , J. 1992 . Habitat architecture of Myriophyllum spicatum L as index to habitat quality for fish and macroinvertebrates. . J. Freshwater Ecol. , 7 : 113 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen , J. D. 1991 . Resource allocation at the individual plant level. . Aquat. Bot. , 41 : 67 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madsen , J. D. 1997 . Seasonal biomass and carbohydrate allocation in a southern population of Eurasian watermilfoil. . J. Aquat. Plant Manage. , 35 : 15 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manatunge , J. , Asaeda , T. and Priyadarshana , T. 2003 . The influence of structural complexity on fish-zooplankton interaction: a study using artificial submerged macrophytes. . Environ. Biol. Fishes , 58 : 425 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry , P. , Bayley , P. B. and Markle , D. F. 2003 . Relationships between fish assemblages, macrophytes and environment gradients in the Amazon River floodplain. . J. Fish Biol. , 63 : 547 – 579 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raizer , J. and Arnaral , M. E. C. 2001 . Does the structural complexity of aquatic macrophites explain the diversity of associated spider assemblages? . J. Arachnology , 29 : 227 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savino , J. F. and Stein , R. A. 1989 . Behavioral interactions between fish predators and their prey: effects of plant density. . Animal Behav. , 37 : 311 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider , D. C. 2001 . The rise of the concept of scale in ecology. . BioScience , 51 : 545 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smiley , P. Jr. and Dibble , E. D. 2005 . Implications of a hierarchical relationship among channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities for restoration of channelized streams. . Hydrobiologia , 548 : 279 – 292 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniguchi , H. , Nakano , S. and Tokeshi , M. 2003 . Influences of habitat complexity on the diversity and abundance of epiphytic invertebrates on plants. . Freshwater Biol. , 48 : 718 – 728 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , A. R. , Petty , J. T. and Grossman , G. D. 2001 . Multi-scale effects of resource patchiness on foraging behavior and habitat use by longnose dace, Rhinichthys cataractae . Freshwater Biol. , 46 : 145 – 160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torgersen , C. E. and Close , D. A. 2004 . Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentate) at two spatial scales. . Freshwater Biol. , 49 : 614 – 630 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend , C. R. , Downes , B. J. , Peacock , K. and Arbuckle , C. J. 2004 . Scale and the detection of land-use effects on morphology, vegetation and macroinvertebrates communities of grass land streams. . Freshwater Biol. , 49 : 448 – 462 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vono , V. and Barbosa , F. A. R. 2001 . Habitats and littoral zone fish community structure of two natural lakes in southeast Brazil. . Environ. Biol. Fish. , 61 : 371 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver , M. J. , Magnuson , J. J. and Clayton , M. K. 1996 . “ Habitat heterogeneity and fish community structure: inferences from north temperate lakes. ” . In Multidimensional approaches to reservoir fisheries management. Symposium 16, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Edited by: Miranda , L. E. and DeVries , D. R. 335 – 346 .
   Google Scholar
• Wiens , J. A. 1989 . Spatial scaling in ecology. . Functional Ecol. , 3 : 385 – 397 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie , Z. , Tang , T. , Ma , K. , Liu , R. , Qu , X. , Chen , J. and Cai , Q. 2005 . Muence of environmental variables on macroinvertebrates in a macrophyte-dominated Chinese lake, with emphasis on the relationships between macophyte heterogeneity and macroinvertebrate patterns. . J. Freshwater Ecol. , 20 : 503 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar