Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Glaucoma Care

References

• Tobe LA, Harris A, Hussain RM, Eckert G, Huck A, Park J, Egan P, Kim NJ, Siesky B. The role of retrobulbar and retinal circulation on optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer structure in patients with open-angle glaucoma over an 18-month period. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99(5):609–12. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leske MC, Connell AM, Wu SY, Hyman LG, Schachat AP. Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma. The barbados eye study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(7):918–24. doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100070092031.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Moraes CG, Liebmann JM, Greenfield DS, Gardiner SK, Ritch R, Krupin T; Low-pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study G. Risk factors for visual field progression in the low-pressure glaucoma treatment study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(4):702–11. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.04.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris A, Rechtman E, Siesky B, Jonescu-Cuypers C, McCranor L, Garzozi HJ. The role of optic nerve blood flow in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2005;18(3):345–353, v. doi:10.1016/j.ohc.2005.04.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oku H, Sugiyama T, Kojima S, Watanabe T, Azuma I. Experimental optic cup enlargement caused by endothelin-1-induced chronic optic nerve head ischemia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;44(Suppl 1):S74–84. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00068-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa VP, Sergott RC, Smith M, Spaeth GL, Wilson RP, Moster MR, Katz LJ, Schmidt CM. Color doppler imaging in glaucoma patients with asymmetric optic cups. J Glaucoma. 1994;3(Suppl 1):S91. doi:10.1097/00061198-199400321-00012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cull G, Burgoyne CF, Fortune B, Wang L. Longitudinal hemodynamic changes within the optic nerve head in experimental glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(6):4271–77. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang JC, Konduru R, Zhang X, Tan O, Francis BA, Varma R, Sehi M, Greenfield DS, Sadda SR, Huang D. Relationship among visual field, blood flow, and neural structure measurements in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53(6):3020–26. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez A, Sanchez M. Predictive value of colour doppler imaging in a prospective study of visual field progression in primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2005;83(6):716–22. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00567.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Onda E, Cioffi GA, Bacon DR, Van Buskirk EM. Microvasculature of the human optic nerve. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;120(1):92–102. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)73763-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney AC. Quantitative morphology of human retrolaminar optic nerve vasculature. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35(11):3858–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olver JM, Spalton DJ, McCartney AC. Microvascular study of the retrolaminar optic nerve in man: the possible significance in anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. Eye (Lond). 1990;4(Pt 1):7–24. doi:10.1038/eye.1990.3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na KI, Lee WJ, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Evaluation of optic nerve head and peripapillary choroidal vasculature using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(7):665–68. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topouzis F, Wilson MR, Harris A, Founti P, Yu F, Anastasopoulos E, Pappas T, Koskosas A, Salonikiou A, Coleman AL. Association of open-angle glaucoma with perfusion pressure status in the thessaloniki eye study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(5):843–51. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2012.12.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer A. Glaucoma risk factors observed in the baltimore eye survey. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1996;7(2):93–98. doi:10.1097/00055735-199604000-00016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tielsch JM, Katz J, Sommer A, Quigley HA, Javitt JC. Hypertension, perfusion pressure, and primary open-angle glaucoma. A population-based assessment. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113(2):216–21. doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100020100038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonomi L, Marchini G, Marraffa M, Bernardi P, Morbio R, Varotto A. Vascular risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma: the egna-neumarkt study. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(7):1287–93. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00138-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu G, Chen Z. Advances in doppler oct. Chin Opt Lett. 2013;11(1):11702. doi:10.3788/COL201311.011702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Z, Milner TE, Srinivas S, Wang X, Malekafzali A, Van Gemert MJ, Nelson JS. Noninvasive imaging of in vivo blood flow velocity using optical doppler tomography. Opt Lett. 1997;22(14):1119–21. doi:10.1364/OL.22.001119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Chen Z, Saxer C, Xiang S, De Boer JF, Nelson JS. Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical doppler tomography for imaging blood flow in human skin with fast scanning speed and high velocity sensitivity. Opt Lett. 2000;25(2):114–16. doi:10.1364/OL.25.000114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proskurin SG, He Y, Wang RK. Determination of flow velocity vector based on doppler shift and spectrum broadening with optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2003;28(14):1227–29. doi:10.1364/OL.28.001227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitgeb R, Schmetterer L, Drexler W, Fercher A, Zawadzki R, Bajraszewski T. Real-time assessment of retinal blood flow with ultrafast acquisition by color doppler fourier domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2003;11(23):3116–21. doi:10.1364/OE.11.003116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang A, Zhang Q, Chen CL, Wang RK. Methods and algorithms for optical coherence tomography-based angiography: a review and comparison. J Biomed Opt. 2015;20(10):100901. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.20.10.100901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fingler J, Schwartz D, Yang C, Fraser SE. Mobility and transverse flow visualization using phase variance contrast with spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2007;15(20):12636–53. doi:10.1364/OE.15.012636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang RK. Three-dimensional optical micro-angiography maps directional blood perfusion deep within microcirculation tissue beds in vivo. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52(23):N531–537. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/52/23/N01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An L, Wang RK. In vivo volumetric imaging of vascular perfusion within human retina and choroids with optical micro-angiography. Opt Express. 2008;16(15):11438–52. doi:10.1364/OE.16.011438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szkulmowski M, Szkulmowska A, Bajraszewski T, Kowalczyk A, Wojtkowski M. Flow velocity estimation using joint spectral and time domain optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2008;16(9):6008–25. doi:10.1364/OE.16.006008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mariampillai A, Standish BA, Moriyama EH, Khurana M, Munce NR, Leung MK, Jiang J, Cable A, Wilson BC, Vitkin IA, et al. Speckle variance detection of microvasculature using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2008;33(13):1530–32. doi:10.1364/OL.33.001530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt JM, Xiang SH, Yung KM. Speckle in optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt. 1999;4(1):95–105. doi:10.1117/1.429925.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boas DA, Dunn AK. Laser speckle contrast imaging in biomedical optics. J Biomed Opt. 2010;15(1):011109. doi:10.1117/1.3285504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumbroso B, Huang D, Souied E, Rispoli M. Practical handbook of oct angiography. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Gao SS, Jia Y, Zhang M, Su JP, Liu G, Hwang TS, Bailey ST, Huang D. Optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT27–36. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-19043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia Y, Tan O, Tokayer J, Potsaid B, Wang Y, Liu JJ, Kraus MF, Subhash H, Fujimoto JG, Hornegger J, et al. Split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography. Opt Express. 2012;20(4):4710–25. doi:10.1364/OE.20.004710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia Y, Morrison JC, Tokayer J, Tan O, Lombardi L, Baumann B, Lu CD, Choi W, Fujimoto JG, Huang D. Quantitative oct angiography of optic nerve head blood flow. Biomed Opt Express. 2012;3(12):3127–37. doi:10.1364/BOE.3.003127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokayer J, Jia Y, Dhalla AH, Huang D. Blood flow velocity quantification using split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography with optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express. 2013;4(10):1909–24. doi:10.1364/BOE.4.001909.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanga PE, Tsamis E, Papayannis A, Stringa F, Cole T, Jalil A. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angio (Topcon Corp, Japan): technology review. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:13–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ss oct angio (tm). 2017. [accessed 2017 Aug 31]. http://www.topconmedical.com/products/ssoctangiotm.htm.
   Google Scholar
• 510(k) summary cirrus hd-oct with software version 8. 2016. [accessed 2017 Aug 25]. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf15/K150977.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Munk MR, Giannakaki-Zimmermann H, Berger L, Huf W, Ebneter A, Wolf S, Zinkernagel MS. Oct-angiography: A qualitative and quantitative comparison of 4 oct-a devices. Plos One. 2017;12(5):e0177059. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 510(k) rtvue xr avanti with angiovue software. 2016. [accessed 2017 Aug 25]. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf15/K153080.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld PJ, Durbin MK, Roisman L, Zheng F, Miller A, Robbins G, Schaal KB, Gregori G. Zeiss angioplex spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography: technical aspects. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:18–29.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turgut B. Optical coherence tomography angiography - a general view. Eur Ophthalmic Rev. 2016;10(1):39–42. doi:10.17925/EOR.2016.10.01.39.
   Google Scholar
• Coscas G, Lupidi M, Coscas F. Heidelberg spectralis optical coherence tomography angiography: technical aspects. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:1–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Optovue oct + octa. 2016. [accessed 2017 Aug 28]. http://content.optovue.com/hubfs/PDF/optovue-avanti-angiovue-brochure_101016v2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Heidelberg Engineering GmbH. Heidelberg engineering user documentation. Germany: Heidelberg Engineering GmbH; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell JP, Zhang M, Hwang TS, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Jia Y, Huang D. Detailed vascular anatomy of the human retina by projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep. 2017;7:42201. doi:10.1038/srep42201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provis JM. Development of the primate retinal vasculature. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2001;20(6):799–821. doi:10.1016/S1350-9462(01)00012-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snodderly DM, Weinhaus RS, Choi JC. Neural-vascular relationships in central retina of macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis). J Neurosci. 1992;12(4):1169–93. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.12-04-01169.1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henkind P. Radial peripapillary capillaries of the retina. I. Anatomy: human and comparative. Br J Ophthalmol. 1967;51(2):115–23. doi:10.1136/bjo.51.2.115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu PK, Cringle SJ, Yu DY. Correlation between the radial peripapillary capillaries and the retinal nerve fibre layer in the normal human retina. Exp Eye Res. 2014;129:83–92. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2014.10.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alterman M, Henkind P. Radial peripapillary capillaries of the retina. Ii. Possible role in bjerrum scotoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52(1):26–31. doi:10.1136/bjo.52.1.26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia Y, Wei E, Wang X, Zhang X, Morrison JC, Parikh M, Lombardi LH, Gattey DM, Armour RL, Edmunds B, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic disc perfusion in glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(7):1322–32. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.01.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu L, Jia Y, Takusagawa HL, Pechauer AD, Edmunds B, Lombardi L, Davis E, Morrison JC, Huang D. Optical coherence tomography angiography of the peripapillary retina in glaucoma. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133(9):1045–52. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.2225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akagi T, Iida Y, Nakanishi H, Terada N, Morooka S, Yamada H, Hasegawa T, Yokota S, Yoshikawa M, Yoshimura N. Microvascular density in glaucomatous eyes with hemifield visual field defects: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;168:237–49. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2016.06.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chihara E, Dimitrova G, Amano H, Chihara T. Discriminatory power of superficial vessel density and prelaminar vascular flow index in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension and normal eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(1):690–97. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmohammadi A, Zangwill LM, Diniz-Filho A, Suh MH, Manalastas PI, Fatehee N, Yousefi S, Belghith A, Saunders LJ, Medeiros FA, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in healthy, glaucoma suspect, and glaucoma eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT451–459. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Weinreb RN, Reddy HB, Riyazuddin M, Sachdeva S, Puttaiah NK, Jayadev C, Webers CAB. Determinants of peripapillary and macular vessel densities measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in normal eyes. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(5):491–97. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar RS, Anegondi N, Chandapura RS, Sudhakaran S, Kadambi SV, Rao HL, Aung T, Sinha Roy A. Discriminant function of optical coherence tomography angiography to determine disease severity in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(14):6079–88. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Q, Chan S, Yang JY, You B, Wang YX, Jonas JB, Wei WB. Vascular density in retina and choriocapillaris as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;168:95–109. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2016.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin JW, Sung KR, Lee JY, Kwon J, Seong M. Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density mapping at various retinal layers in healthy and normal tension glaucoma eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255(6):1193–202. doi:10.1007/s00417-017-3671-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyman LS, Garg RA, Suwan Y, Trivedi V, Krawitz BD, Mo S, Pinhas A, Tantraworasin A, Chui TY, Ritch R, et al. Peripapillary perfused capillary density in primary open-angle glaucoma across disease stage: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pechauer AD, Jia Y, Liu L, Gao SS, Jiang C, Huang D. Optical coherence tomography angiography of peripapillary retinal blood flow response to hyperoxia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(5):3287–91. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-16655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang TS, Gao SS, Liu L, Lauer AK, Bailey ST, Flaxel CJ, Wilson DJ, Huang D, Jia Y. Automated quantification of capillary nonperfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(4):367–73. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2015.5658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu J, Jiang C, Wang X, Zhu L, Gu R, Xu H, Jia Y, Huang D, Sun X. Macular perfusion in healthy chinese: an optical coherence tomography angiogram study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(5):3212–17. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-16270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agemy SA, Scripsema NK, Shah CM, Chui T, Garcia PM, Lee JG, Gentile RC, Hsiao YS, Zhou Q, Ko T, et al. Retinal vascular perfusion density mapping using optical coherence tomography angiography in normals and diabetic retinopathy patients. Retina. 2015;35(11):2353–63. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luksch A, Lasta M, Polak K, Fuchsjager-Mayrl G, Polska E, Garhofer G, Schmetterer L. Twelve-hour reproducibility of retinal and optic nerve blood flow parameters in healthy individuals. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(8):875–80. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01388.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaoeda K, Shirakashi M, Funaki S, Funaki H, Nakatsue T, Abe H. Measurement of microcirculation in the optic nerve head by laser speckle flowgraphy and scanning laser doppler flowmetry. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(6):734–39. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(00)00382-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iester M, Altieri M, Michelson G, Vittone P, Calabria G, Traverso CE. Intraobserver reproducibility of a two-dimensional mapping of the optic nerve head perfusion. J Glaucoma. 2002;11(6):488–92. doi:10.1097/00061198-200212000-00006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonescu-Cuypers CP, Harris A, Wilson R, Kagemann L, Mavroudis LV, Topouzis F, Coleman AL. Reproducibility of the heidelberg retinal flowmeter in determining low perfusion areas in peripapillary retina. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(10):1266–69. doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.039099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akil H, Huang AS, Francis BA, Sadda SR, Chopra V. Retinal vessel density from optical coherence tomography angiography to differentiate early glaucoma, pre-perimetric glaucoma and normal eyes. PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0170476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Weinreb RN, Riyazuddin M, Dasari S, Venugopal JP, Puttaiah NK, Rao DAS, Devi S, Mansouri K, et al. Vessel density and structural measurements of optical coherence tomography in primary angle closure and primary angle closure glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2017;177:106–15. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.02.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao HL, Kadambi SV, Weinreb RN, Puttaiah NK, Pradhan ZS, Rao DA, Kumar RS, Webers CA, Shetty R. Diagnostic ability of peripapillary vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(8):1066–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scripsema NK, Garcia PM, Bavier RD, Chui TY, Krawitz BD, Mo S, Agemy SA, Xu L, Lin YB, Panarelli JF, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of perfused peripapillary capillaries in primary open-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT611–OCT620. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18945.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yarmohammadi A, Zangwill LM, Diniz-Filho A, Suh MH, Yousefi S, Saunders LJ, Belghith A, Manalastas PI, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN. Relationship between optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density and severity of visual field loss in glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(12):2498–508. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.08.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin JW, Lee J, Kwon J, Choi J, Kook MS. Regional vascular density-visual field sensitivity relationship in glaucoma according to disease severity. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollo G. Relationship between oct angiography temporal peripapillary vessel-density and octopus perimeter paracentral cluster mean defect. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(5):397–402. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarmohammadi A, Zangwill LM, Diniz-Filho A, Saunders LJ, Suh MH, Wu Z, Manalastas PIC, Akagi T, Medeiros FA, Weinreb RN. Peripapillary and macular vessel density in patients with glaucoma and single-hemifield visual field defect. Ophthalmology. 2017;124(5):709–19. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoori T, Sivaswamy J, Gamalapati JS, Balakrishna N. Topography and correlation of radial peripapillary capillary density network with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness. Int Ophthalmol. 2017. doi:10.1007/s10792-017-0544-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mase T, Ishibazawa A, Nagaoka T, Yokota H, Yoshida A. Radial peripapillary capillary network visualized using wide-field montage optical coherence tomography angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(9):OCT504–510. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mammo Z, Heisler M, Balaratnasingam C, Lee S, Yu DY, Mackenzie P, Schendel S, Merkur A, Kirker A, Albiani D, et al. Quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography of radial peripapillary capillaries in glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, and normal eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;170:41–49. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2016.07.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollo G. Vessel density calculated from oct angiography in 3 peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular hypertensive, and glaucoma eyes. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2016;26(3):e42–45. doi:10.5301/ejo.5000717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Jiang C, Ko T, Kong X, Yu X, Min W, Shi G, Sun X. Correlation between optic disc perfusion and glaucomatous severity in patients with open-angle glaucoma: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253(9):1557–64. doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3095-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brusini P, Filacorda S. Enhanced glaucoma staging system (gss 2) for classifying functional damage in glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2006;15(1):40–46. doi:10.1097/01.ijg.0000195932.48288.97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurysheva NI, Maslova EV, Trubilina AV, Ardzhevnishvili TD, Fomin AV. Macular blood flow in glaucoma. Vestn Oftalmol. 2017;133(2):29–38. doi:10.17116/oftalma2017133229-37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao HL, Pradhan ZS, Weinreb RN, Riyazuddin M, Dasari S, Venugopal JP, Puttaiah NK, Rao DA, Devi S, Mansouri K, et al. A comparison of the diagnostic ability of vessel density and structural measurements of optical coherence tomography in primary open angle glaucoma. PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173930. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollo G. Progressive decrease of peripapillary angioflow vessel density during structural and visual field progression in early primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(7):661–64. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollo G. Influence of large intraocular pressure reduction on peripapillary oct vessel density in ocular hypertensive and glaucoma eyes. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(1):e7–e10. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeboulon P, Leveque PM, Brasnu E, Aragno V, Hamard P, Baudouin C, Labbe A. Effect of surgical intraocular pressure lowering on peripapillary and macular vessel density in glaucoma patients: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. J Glaucoma. 2017;26(5):466–72. doi:10.1097/IJG.0000000000000652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Jiang C, Kong X, Yu X, Sun X. Peripapillary retinal vessel density in eyes with acute primary angle closure: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;255(5):1013–18. doi:10.1007/s00417-017-3593-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung HS, Harris A, Kagemann L, Martin B. Peripapillary retinal blood flow in normal tension glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83(4):466–69. doi:10.1136/bjo.83.4.466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sehi M, Goharian I, Konduru R, Tan O, Srinivas S, Sadda SR, Francis BA, Huang D, Greenfield DS. Retinal blood flow in glaucomatous eyes with single-hemifield damage. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(3):750–58. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.10.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leon JM, Cheung CY, Wong TY, Li X, Hamzah H, Aung T, Su DH. Retinal vascular caliber between eyes with asymmetric glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015;253(4):583–89. doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2895-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amerasinghe N, Aung T, Cheung N, Fong CW, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Saw SM, Wong TY. Evidence of retinal vascular narrowing in glaucomatous eyes in an asian population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(12):5397–402. doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Yoo C, Park JH, Kim YY. Retinal vessel diameter in young patients with open-angle glaucoma: comparison between high-tension and normal-tension glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol. 2012;90(7):e570–571. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02371.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonas JB, Nguyen XN, Naumann GO. Parapapillary retinal vessel diameter in normal and glaucoma eyes. I. Morphometric Data. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989;30(7):1599–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EJ, Lee KM, Lee SH, Kim TW. Oct angiography of the peripapillary retina in primary open-angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(14):6265–70. doi:10.1167/iovs.16-20287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson DR, Braverman S. Reevaluation of the optic disk vasculature. Am J Ophthalmol. 1976;82(2):165–74. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(76)90414-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee EJ, Lee KM, Lee SH, Kim TW. Parapapillary choroidal microvasculature dropout in glaucoma: a comparison between optical coherence tomography angiography and indocyanine green angiography. Ophthalmology. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.03.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh MH, Zangwill LM, Manalastas PI, Belghith A, Yarmohammadi A, Medeiros FA, Diniz-Filho A, Saunders LJ, Weinreb RN. Deep retinal layer microvasculature dropout detected by the optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(12):2509–18. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.09.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park SC, Hsu AT, Su D, Simonson JL, Al-Jumayli M, Liu Y, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Factors associated with focal lamina cribrosa defects in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(13):8401–07. doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You JY, Park SC, Su D, Teng CC, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Focal lamina cribrosa defects associated with glaucomatous rim thinning and acquired pits. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(3):314–20. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh MH, Zangwill LM, Manalastas PI, Belghith A, Yarmohammadi A, Medeiros FA, Diniz-Filho A, Saunders LJ, Yousefi S, Weinreb RN. Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density in glaucomatous eyes with focal lamina cribrosa defects. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(11):2309–17. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.07.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadde SG, Anegondi N, Bhanushali D, Chidambara L, Yadav NK, Khurana A, Sinha Roy A. Quantification of vessel density in retinal optical coherence tomography angiography images using local fractal dimension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(1):246–52. doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18287.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Kong X, Jiang C, Li M, Yu J, Sun X. Is the peripapillary retinal perfusion related to myopia in healthy eyes? A prospective comparative study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e010791. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchsjager-Mayrl G, Wally B, Rainer G, Buehl W, Aggermann T, Kolodjaschna J, Weigert G, Polska E, Eichler HG, Vass C, et al. Effect of dorzolamide and timolol on ocular blood flow in patients with primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(10):1293–97. doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.067637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih GC, Calkins DJ. Secondary neuroprotective effects of hypotensive drugs and potential mechanisms of action. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2012;7(2):161–75. doi:10.1586/eop.12.13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siesky B, Harris A, Brizendine E, Marques C, Loh J, Mackey J, Overton J, Netland P. Literature review and meta-analysis of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and ocular blood flow. Surv Ophthalmol. 2009;54(1):33–46. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.06.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Hwang TS, Campbell JP, Bailey ST, Wilson DJ, Huang D, Jia Y. Projection-resolved optical coherence tomographic angiography. Biomed Opt Express. 2016;7(3):816–28. doi:10.1364/BOE.7.000816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Zhang M, Hwang TS, Bailey ST, Huang D, Wilson DJ, Jia Y. Reflectance-based projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography [invited]. Biomed Opt Express. 2017;8(3):1536–48. doi:10.1364/BOE.8.001536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar