Ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of brimonidine and brinzolamide after topical administration in rabbits: comparison between fixed-combination and single-drug formulations

References

• Japan Glaucoma Society. The Japan Glaucoma Society Guidelines for Glaucoma (4th Edition). Nihon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2018;122(1):5–53.
   Google Scholar
• Kashiwagi K. Changes in trend of newly prescribed anti-glaucoma medications in recent nine years in a Japanese local community. Open Ophthalmol J. 2010;4(1):7–11. doi:10.2174/1874364101004010007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCarty CA, Mukesh BN, Kitchner TE, Hubbard WC, Wilke RA, Burmester JK, Patchett RB. Intraocular pressure response to medication in a clinical setting: the marshfield clinic personalized medicine research project. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(5):372–77. doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e31815c5f3f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vorwerk C, Thelen U, Buchholz P, Kimmich F. Treatment of glaucoma patients with insufficient intraocular pressure control: a survey of German ophthalmologists in private practice. Curr Med Res Opin. 2008;24(5):1295–301. doi:10.1185/030079908X291976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe H. Improving of compliance with medical treatment of glaucoma. J Eye. 1999;16:907–12.
   Google Scholar
• Higginbotham EJ, Hansen J, Davis EJ, Walt JG, Guckian A. Glaucoma medication persistence with a fixed combination versus multiple bottles. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(10):2543–47. doi:10.1185/03007990903260129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz GF, Burk C, Bennett T, Patel VD. Adherence and persistence with glaucoma therapy: brimonidine/timolol versus dorzolamide/timolol and various two-bottle combinations. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;3(8):1–6. doi:10.4172/2155-9570.1000248.
   Google Scholar
• Hommer A, Thygesen J, Ferreras A, Wickstrøm J, Friis MM, Buchholz P, Walt JG. A European perspective on costs and cost effectiveness of ophthalmic combinations in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18(5):778–86. doi:10.1177/112067210801800519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura T, Yamada M, Teshima M, Nakashima M, To H, Ichikawa N, Sasaki H. Electrophysiological characterization of tight junctional pathway of rabbit cornea treated with ophthalmic ingredients. Biol Pharm Bull. 2007;30(12):2360–64. doi:10.1248/bpb.30.2360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda M, Sasaki H. The transcorneal penetration of commercial ophthalmic formulations containing timolol maleate in rabbit eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2015;31(1):57–60. doi:10.1089/jop.2014.0015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrai SS, Makoid MC, Eriksen SP, Robinson JR. Drop size and initial dosing frequency problems of topically applied ophthalmic drugs. J Pharm Sci. 1974;63(3):333–38. doi:10.1002/jps.2600630304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sieg JW, Robinson JR. Mechanistic studies on transcorneal permeation of pilocarpine. J Pharm Sci. 1976;65(12):1816–22. doi:10.1002/jps.2600651230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grass GM, Wood RW, Robinson JR. Effects of calcium chelating agents on corneal permeability. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:110–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrai SS, Patton TF, Mehta A, Robinson JR. Lacrimal and instilled fluid dynamics in rabbit eyes. J Pharm Sci. 1973;62(7):1112–21. doi:10.1002/jps.2600620712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee VH, Chien DS, Sasaki H. Ocular ketone reductase distribution and its role in the metabolism of ocularly applied levobunolol in the pigmented rabbit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988;246:871–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podder SK, Moy KC, Lee VH. Improving the safety of topically applied timolol in the pigmented rabbit through manipulation of formulation composition. Exp Eye Res. 1992;54(5):747–57. doi:10.1016/0014-4835(92)90030-V.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton TF, Robinson JR. Ocular evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol vehicle in rabbits. J Pharm Sci. 1975;64(8):1312–16. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrai SS, Robinson JR. Ocular evaluation of methylcellulose vehicle in albino rabbits. J Pharm Sci. 1974;63(8):1218–23. doi:10.1002/jps.2600630810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acheampong AA, Small D, Baumgarten V, Welty D, Tang-Liu D. Formulation effects on ocular absorption of brimonidine in rabbit eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2002;18(4):325–37. doi:10.1089/10807680260218498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong JQ, Babusis DM, Welty DF, Acheampong AA, Tang-Liu D, Whitcup SM. Effects of the preservative Purite® on the bioavailability of Brimonidine in the aqueous humour of rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2004;20(4):285–92. doi:10.1089/1080768041725326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor LB, WuDunn D, Catoira-Boyle Y, Yung CW. Absorption of brimonidine 0.1% and 0.15% ophthalmic solutions in the aqueous humour of cataract patients. J Glaucoma. 2008;17(7):529–34. doi:10.1097/IJG.0b013e318162257f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupin T, Liebmann JM, Greenfield DS, Ritch R, Gardiner S. Low-pressure glaucoma study group. A randomized trial of brimonidine versus timolol in preserving visual function: results from the low-pressure glaucoma treatment study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151(4):671–81. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2010.09.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takamura Y, Tomomatsu T, Matsumura T, Takihara Y, Kozai S, Arimura S, Yokota S, Inatani M. Vitreous and aqueous concentrations of brimonidine following topical application of brimonidine tartrate 0.1% ophthalmic solution in humans. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2015;31(5):282–85. doi:10.1089/jop.2015.0003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke J, Schwartz M. Preclinical evaluation of brimonidine. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996;41(Suppl 1):S9–18. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(96)82027-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien DS, Homsy JJ, Gluchowski C, Tang-Liu DD. Corneal and conjunctival/scleral penetration of p-aminoclonidine, AGN 190342, and clonidine in rabbit eyes. Curr Eye Res. 1990;9(11):1051–59. doi:10.3109/02713689008997579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinno K, Kurokawa K, Kozai S, Kawamura A, Inada K, Tokushige H. Effect of solution pH on distribution of ophthalmically administered brimonidine in posterior ocular tissues in pigmented rabbits. Ophthalmol Ther. 2019;8(2):271–77. doi:10.1007/s40123-019-0180-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashton P, Podder SK, Lee VH. Formulation influence on conjunctival penetration of four beta blockers in the pigmented rabbit: a comparison with corneal penetration. Pharm Res. 1991;8(9):1166–74. doi:10.1023/A:1015810619869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyyrönen K, Urtti A. Improved ocular: systemic absorption ratio of timolol by viscous vehicle and phenylephrine. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31:1827–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang SC, Chien DS, Bundgaard H, Lee VH. Relative effectiveness of prodrug and viscous solution approaches in maximizing the ratio of ocular to systemic absorption of topically applied timolol. Exp Eye Res. 1988;46(1):59–69. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(88)80093-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki G, Kunikane E, Shinno K, Kozai S, Kurata M, Kawamura A. Ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of brimonidine and timolol after topical administration in rabbits: comparison between fixed-combination and single drugs. Ophthalmol Ther. 2020;9(1):115–25. doi:10.1007/s40123-020-00229-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar