336
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Do Minorities Trust Less? Understanding Differences in Social Trust among Canada’s Major Ethno-Racial Groups

References

  • Abascal, M., and D. Baldassarri. 2015. “Love Thy Neighbor? Ethnoracial Diversity and Trust Re-Examined.” American Journal of Sociology 121 (3): 722–782. doi:10.1086/683144.
  • Alesina, A., and L. F. Eliana. 2002. “Who Trusts Others?” Journal of Public Economics 85 (2): 207–234. doi:10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00084-6.
  • Banting, K., T. J. Courchene, and F. Leslie Seidle, edited by. 2007. Belonging? Diversity, Recognition, and Shared Citizenship in Canada. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
  • Berry, J., R. Kalin, and D. Taylor. 1976. Multiculturalism and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada. Ottawa: Minister of State for Multiculturalism.
  • Bibby, R. 2002. Restless Gods. Toronto: Stoddart.
  • Bleich, E. 2009. “Where Do Muslims Stand on Ethno-Racial Hierarchies in Britain and France? Public Opinion Surveys, 1988–2008.” Patterns of Prejudice 43 (3–4): 379–400. doi:10.1080/00313220903109326.
  • Bogardus, E. S. 1925. “Social Distance and Its Origins.” Journal of Applied Sociology 9: 216–226.
  • Bogardus, E. S. 1928. Immigration and Race Attitudes. Boston: D.C. Heath.
  • Bogardus, E. S. 1967. A Forty Year Racial Distance Study. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press.
  • Breton, R. 1964. “Institutional Completeness of Ethnic Communities and the Personal Relations of Immigrants.” American Journal of Sociology 70 (2): 193–205. doi:10.1086/223793.
  • Breton, R. 2005. Ethnic Relations in Canada: Institutional Dynamics. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Breton, R. 2012. Different Gods: Integrating Non-Christian Minorities into a Primarily Christian Society. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Breton, R., N. Hartmann, J. Lennards, and P. Reed. 2004. A Fragile Social Fabric? Fairness, Trust, and Commitment in Canada. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Breton, R., J. Reitz, and V. Valentine, edited by. 1980. Cultural Boundaries and the Cohesion of Canada. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
  • Canadian Council for Aboriginal Business. 2011. Promise and Prosperity: The Aboriginal Business Survey. Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.
  • Clark, W. 2003. “Pockets of Belief: Religious Attendance Patterns in Canada.” Canadian Social Trends 68: 2–5.
  • Curtis, J., and E. Grabb. 2002. “Involvement in the Organizational Base of New Social Movements in English Canada and French Canada.” In Political Sociology: Canadian Perspectives, edited by D. Baer, 164–181. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Davies, S., and N. Guppy. 2014. The Schooled Society. 3rd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Fortin, P. 2011. “Quebec’s Quiet Revolution, 50 Years Later.” Inroads 29: 90–99.
  • Frideres, J., and R. Gadacz. 2011. Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: Contemporary Conflicts. 9th ed. Toronto: Pearson Canada.
  • Furniss, E. 2002. Victims of Benevolence. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press.
  • Gagnon, L. 2003. “When Rituals Soothe.” The Globe and Mail 9 (June): A11.
  • Glanville, J., and P. Paxton. 2007. “How Do We Learn to Trust? A Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis of the Sources of Generalized Trust.” Social Psychology Quarterly 70 (3): 230–242. doi:10.1177/019027250707000303.
  • Grabb, E., R. Andersen, and M. Hwang. 2009. “Bridging and Bonding: Ethnic Background and Voluntary Association Activity in Canada.” Canadian Ethnic Studies 41 (1–2): 47–67. doi:10.1353/ces.2009.0003.
  • Grabb, E., and J. Curtis. 2005. Regions Apart. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Hagendoorn, L. 1993. “Ethnic Categorization and Outgroup Exclusion: Cultural Values and Social Stereotypes in the Construction of Ethnic Hierarchies.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 16 (1): 26–51. doi:10.1080/01419870.1993.9993771.
  • Hou, F., and W. Zheng. 2009. “Racial Diversity, Minority Concentration and Trust in Canadian Urban Neighbourhoods.” Social Science Research 38 (3): 693–716.
  • Hwang, M. 2017. “Ethnicity and Political Trust in Canada. Is There a Deepening Divide?” Canadian Journal of Sociology 42 (1): 23–54.
  • Hwang, M., R. Andersen, and E. Grabb. 2007. “Voluntary Association Activity in Quebec and English Canada: Assessing the Effects of Region and Language.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 40 (1): 209–232. doi:10.1017/S0008423907070011.
  • Johnston, R., and S. Soroka. 2001. “Social Capital in a Multicultural Society.” In Social Capital and Participation in Everyday Life, edited by P. Dekker and E. Uslaner, 30–44. London: Routledge.
  • Kazemipur, A. 2006. “A Canadian Exceptionalism? Trust and Diversity in Canadian Cities.” Journal of International Migration and Integration 7 (2): 219–240. doi:10.1007/s12134-006-1010-4.
  • Kesler, K., and I. Bloemraad. 2010. “Does Immigration Erode Social Capital? the Conditional Effects of Immigration-Generated Diversity on Trust, Membership, and Participation across 19 Countries, 1981–2000.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 43 (2): 319–347. doi:10.1017/S0008423910000077.
  • Kleg, M., and K. Yamamoto. 1998. “As the World Turns: Ethno-Racial Distances after 70 Years.” The Social Science Journal 35 (2): 183–190. doi:10.1016/S0362-3319(98)90038-6.
  • Lamont, M., and M. Fournier, edited by. 1992. Cultivating Differences: Symbolic Boundaries and the Making of Inequality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Lamont, M., and V. Molnar. 2002. “The Study of Boundaries in the Social Sciences.” Annual Review of Sociology 28: 167–195. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.28.110601.141107.
  • Li, P. 2003. Destination Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Menzies, C., and M. Hwang. 2017. “First Nations, Inequality, and the Legacy of Colonialism.” In Social Inequality in Canada: Dimensions of Disadvantage, edited by E. Grabb, J. Reitz, and M. Hwang, 131–144. 6th ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Parillo, V., and D. Christopher. 2007. “Updating the Bogardus Social Distance Studies: A New National Survey.” The Social Science Journal 42 (2): 257–271. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2005.03.011.
  • Patterson, O. 1999. “Liberty against the Democratic State: On the Historical and Contemporary Sources of American Distrust.” In Democracy and Trust, edited by M. Warren, 151–207. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Paxton, P. 2007. “Association Membership and Generalized Trust.” Social Forces 86 (1): 47–76. doi:10.1353/sof.2007.0107.
  • Pendakur, K., and R. Pendakur. 2002. “Colour My World: Have Earnings Gaps for Canadian-Born Ethnic Minorities Changed over Time?” Canadian Public Policy 28 (4): 489–512. doi:10.2307/3552211.
  • Putnam, R. D. 2000. Bowling Alone. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Putnam, R. D. 2007. “E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty-First Century.” Scandinavian Political Studies 30 (2): 137–174. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00176.x.
  • Reitz, J. 1980. The Survival of Ethnic Groups. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
  • Reitz, J., and R. Banerjee. 2017. “Racial Inequality, Social Cohesion, and Policy Issues in Canada.” In Social Inequality in Canada: Dimensions of Disadvantage, edited by E. Grabb, J. Reitz, and M. Hwang, 173–193. 6th ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Reitz, J., and R. Breton. 1994. The Illusion of Difference. Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute.
  • Satzewich, V., edited by. 1998. Racism and Social Inequality in Canada: Concepts, Controversies, and Strategies of Resistance. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.
  • Satzewich, V. 2011. Racism in Canada. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Satzewich, V., and N. Liodakis. 2007. ‘Race’ and Ethnicity in Canada: A Critical Introduction. Toronto: Oxford University Press.
  • Scavo, C. 2007. “Constructing Data Sets and Manipulating Data.” In Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, edited by K. Yang and G. Miller, 303–322. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Simmel, G. 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press.
  • Smith, S. S. 2010. “Race and Trust.” Annual Review of Sociology 36: 453–475. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102526.
  • Smith, T. W. 1997. “Factors Relating to Misanthropy in Contemporary American Society.” Social Science Research 26 (2): 170–196. doi:10.1006/ssre.1997.0592.
  • Soroka, S. N., J. F. Helliwell, and R. Johnston. 2006. “Measuring and Modelling Interpersonal Trust.” In Diversity, Social Capital, and the Welfare State, edited by F. Kay and R. Johnston, 95–132. Vancouver: UBC Press.
  • Soroka, S. N., R. Johnston, and K. Banting. 2007. “Ties that Bind? Social Cohesion and Diversity in Canada.” In Belonging? Diversity, Recognition, and Shared Citizenship in Canada, edited by K. Banting, T. J. Courchene, and F. L. Seidle, 561–600. Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy.
  • Statistics Canada. 2013. “Visible Minorities, Immigration Status and Period of Immigration, Age Groups, and Sex, for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas, and Census Agglomerations, National Household Survey.” Catalogue no. 99-010-X2011030.
  • Stolle, D. 2001. “Clubs and Congregations: The Benefits of Joining an Association.” In Trust in Society, edited by K. Cook, 202–244. New York: Russell Sage.
  • Stolle, D., S. Soroka, and R. Johnston. 2008. “When Does Diversity Erode Trust? Neighborhood Diversity in Interpersonal Trust and the Mediating Effect of Social Interaction.” Political Studies 56: 57–75. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00717.x.
  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 2015. Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. http://www.trc.ca/websites/trcinstitution/index.php?p=3. Accessed Sep 19, 2017.
  • Uslaner, E. 2002. The Moral Foundations of Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Uslaner, E. 2004. “Trust and Corruption.” In Corruption and the New Institutional Economics, edited by J. Graf, L. Taube, and M. Schramm, 76–92. London: Routledge.
  • Uslaner, E. 2011. “Trust, Diversity, and Segregation in the United States and the United Kingdom.” Comparative Sociology 10: 221–247. doi:10.1163/156913311X566571.
  • Veenstra, G. 2002. “Explicating Social Capital: Trust and Participation in the Civil Space.” Canadian Journal of Sociology 27 (4): 547–572. doi:10.2307/3341590.
  • White, J., D. Beavon, and N. Spence, edited by. 2007. Aboriginal Well-Being in Canada. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.
  • Wilkes, R. 2011. “Rethinking the Decline in Trust: A Comparison of Black and White Americans.” Social Science Research 40 (6): 1596–1610. doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.06.007.
  • Wu, Z., F. Hou, and C. Schimmele. 2011. “Racial Diversity and Sense of Belonging in Urban Neighborhoods.” City and Community 10 (4): 373–392. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6040.2011.01374.x.
  • Young, R. 1995. The Secession of Quebec and the Future of Canada. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.