SAMUEL GOMPERS AND THE FRENCH-CANADIAN WORKER, 1900–1914

NOTES

• Toronto Star, February 1, 1972; Toronto Globe and Mail, July 29, 1972.
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• American Federationist VII (April 1990), 196, VII (June 1339), 173.
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• Quoted in Michel Tétu, Les premiers syndicats catholiques canadiens 1900–1921 (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Montreal, 1961), p. 34n.
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• Labour Gazette I (February 1901), 294; also I (November 1900), 153ff.
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• American Federationist VIII (February 1901), 57; VIII (March 1901), 85; Gompers to Flett, December 29, 1900, in Gompers Letterbooks, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., and hereafter cited as GL
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• Gompers to Flett, December 29, 1900 GL; Labour Gazette I (February 1991), 265; I (Mardi 1331), 323.
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• Gompers to Flett, April 2, 1901 GL, C. Brian William, Canadian-American Trade Union Relations (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1964), p. 401.
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• American Federationist VIII (March 1901), 85.
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• American Federationist VIII (February 1901), 57, 85; Labour Gazette I (March 1901), 323.
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• Labour Gazette I (March 1901), 323; II (February 1902), 438.
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• American Federationist VII (November 1990), 347.
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• Gompers to Victor Phaneuf, May 28, 1901 GL.
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• Gompers to Flett, August: 27, 1902; L.A. Gavin (an AFL clerk) to Flett, September 12, 1992 GL; George Perkins to Gompers, September 4, 1902, National Union Files, Reel 2, AFL-CIO Archives, Washington, D.C.
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• Gompers to Warren, May 15, 1902 GL.
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• “The number of locals is From Eugene Forsey, “The International Unions, 1881–1902,” Ms (1968).
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1902), p. 64.
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• John F. Tobin To Gompers, October 22, 1901, National Union Files, Reel 2.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1902), p. 64.
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• See Gompers to Executive Council, March 8, 1902; Gompers to Patrick Draper, April 7, 1902; P.L. Guard (Gompers' secretary) to Flett, June 28, 1902 GL; American Federtionist IX (June 1902), 331, 336, 338–39; Minutes of the Toronto Trades and Labor Council, July 24, August 28, 1902, in Canadian Labour Congress Library, Ottawa.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceeding (1992), pp. 5–7
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• Toronto Globe, September 17, 1902, p. 9.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1902), p. 13. In “Samuel Gompers and the Berlin Decisions of 1902,” a chapter in Richard Preston, ed., “The Influence of the United States on Canadian Development: Eleven Case Studies (Durham, 1972). I have outlined the AFL's role in the events at Berlin.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1903), p. 47.
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• For background on the rise of confessional unionism, see Arthur Saint-Pierre, L'Organisation Ouvriére dans la Province de Québec (Montreal, 1913); Omer Meroux, Le Mouvement ourvier catholique au Canada; Lettre de Sa Grandeur Mgr. Cloutier, Eveque des Trois-Rivières (Montreal, 1919?); M.-Ludovic Maltais, Les syndicats catholiques canadiens (Washington, D.C., 1925); Allan Latham, The Catholic and National Trade Unions of Canada (Toronto, 1930); Andre Roy, “Histoire du syndicalisme au Canada,” Relations Industrielles XI1 (January-April, 1957), pp. 11–21; Jean Hulliger, L'Enseignement social des Eveques canadiens de 1891 à 1950 (Montreal, 1958); :Michel Tétu, Les premiers syndicats catholiques canadiens 1900–1921 (unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Montreal, 1961), Joseph Levitt, Henri Bourassa and the Golden Calf (Ottawa, 1972), chapter 9.
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• ilulliger, p. 115; Levitt, pp. 99–100.
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• Toronto Globe, April 27, 1903, p. 9.
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• Ottawa Citizen, April 29, 1903, p. 3; Morrison to Flett, February 13, 1996, Morrison to Paul Dumont, December 19, 1907, in Morrison Letterbooks, AFL-CIO Archives, Washington, D.C., hereafter abbreviated as ML.
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• Report of the Quebec executive committee in Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1905), pp. 25–26.
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• copy of Tobin's letter in Gompers to Flett, September 4, 1903; Gompers to Flett, July 17, 1997 GL; Canadian Annual Review, 1909, p. 305; Morrison to Draper, March 3, 1905 ML. The Canadian union still claimed 1,006 members in 3 branches in 1914; see Table II.
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• Morrison to Hugh Robinson, June. 11, 1907 ML. By ‘one-languaged’ he obviously meant English-speaking.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1903), p. 24.
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• Morrison to Flett, September 23, 1908 ML.
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• Morrison to Ainey, August 18, 1909 ML. See also Morrison to R.P. Pettipiece, May 3, 1909; Morrison to Draper, May 6, July 20, August 18, 1909; Morrison to Ainey, July 20, 1909; Morrison to Executive Council, September 3, 1909 ML.
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• Morrison to Ainey, September 28, 1909 ML.
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• Morrison to Ainey, September 18, October 5, October 26, October 27 (telegram), December 15, 1909; Morrison to John Golden, October 5, 1909; Morrison to Flett, January 3, 1910 ML; Compers to Hugh Robinson, October 13, 1909 GL; Morrison to M. Walsh, December 30, 1909 ML.
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• Morrison to Flett, January 12, 1910 ML. Also Morrison to Flett, January 10, 1910; Morrison to Draper, January 10, 1910; Morrison to Ainey, January 10, 1910 ML.
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• Morrison to Flett, January 28, 1910 ML. Also Morrison to Flett, January 21, January 25, 1910 ML.
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• Morrison to Flett, February 1, February 3, February 8, March 1, March 2, 1910 ML. Morrison to Napoleon Labreche, April 13, 1910 ML.
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• See, for example, Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1910), p. 84; Morrison to David Giroux, February 7, 1910; Morrison to Ainey, February 9, 1910 ML.
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• Morrison to Flett, April 18, 1911 ML. On the other hand, according to calculations based upon AFL records, it appears that 4 per cent of the Federation's members lived in Canada in 1911 but received only 1.7 per cent of the AFL's total disbursements. The Federation collected at least $3,000 more that year from Canadians than was paid out in the form of services. See Appendix in Babcock, The A.F.of L. in Canada (unpub. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 1970).
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• Morrison to Flett, February 2, 1911 ML.
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• Quoted in a letter by Morrison to B.A. Larger, March 21, 1911 ML. See also Morrison to Flett, February 28, March 21, 1911 ML.
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• Morrison to Flett, May 13, 1911 ML.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1911), p. 35, p. 76; Proceedings (1912), p. 37; Canadian Federation of Labor, Proceedings (1912), p. 7, p. 11; Levitt, pp. 101–103, 106–107. See also Morrison to Flett, October 4, 1911, March 30, April 2, June 13, 1912 ML.
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• Arthur Saint-Pierre, pp. 33–34; M.-L Maltais, chapter 1; C. Brian Williams, p. 334.
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• Latham, p. 46; Saint-Pierre, pp. 14–17.
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• Quoted in Latham, pp. 8–9.
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• saint-Pierre, p. 38, Hulliger, pp. 121–22; Maltais, chapter 3; Latham, pp. 43–44. As Table II indicates, the Dept. of Labour listed considerably fewer members in 1914, although there may have been other independent locals in the ranks of confessional unions.
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• Frank Duffy to Cardinal Gibbons, April 9, 1912; Cardinal Gibbons to Duffy, April 11, 1912, in Gompers Files, Reel 6, AFL-CIO Archives.
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• James kirby to Gompers, October 14, 1913, National Union Files, Reel 2.
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• Morrison to Brunet, September 17, 1913 ML. See also C. Francq to Morrison, April 4, May 5, 1913; Morrison to Francq, June 25, 1913, Morrison to P.Leduc, April 22, 1913; Morrison to Draper, May 14, June 20, 1913; Morrison to Brunet, September 10, 1913 ML; Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1913), to p. 104. Latham appears to have interviewed Brunet (pp. 84–5), probably in the late 1920's.
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• The circular, translated by Gustave Francq, was forwarded by Morrison to the Executive Council on January 7, 1914 (spelling and punctuating as in original) ML. “Mr. Arcant” was Narcisse Arcand, an organizer for the United Brotherhood of Carpenters.
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• Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1913), pp. 42–43; Gompers to C.d. Baine, July 31, 1916, Gompers Files, Reel 6.
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• American Federation of Labor, Proceedings (1913), p. 155, pp. 197–199; Morrison to Draper, December 24, 1913; Morrison to Gus Francq, December 29, 1913, January 7, 1914; Morrison to Brunet, January 29, February 6, 1914 ML.
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• Morrison to Brunet, March 7, 17, April 3, 29, May 15, June 3, July 22, October 23, December 23, 1914 ML; Trades and Labor Congress, Proceedings (1914), p. 24, p. 27.
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• (Toronto, 1955), pp. 338–39.
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