TRANSFERRED LOYALTIES: ORANGEISM IN THE UNITED STATES AND ONTARIO

NOTES

• Editorial of the New York Times, July 14, 1870.
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• For the early development of the Orange Order in Ireland see Hereward Senior, Orangeism in Ireland and Britain, 1795–1836 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966).
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• Rowland Bertoff, British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790–1950 (New York: Russell and Russell, 1953), pp. 189–190.
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• W.F. Adams, Ireland and Irish Emigration to the New World from 1815 to the Famine (New York: Yale University Press, 1932), pp. 116–141.
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• Ibid., p. 201.
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• The Loyal Orange Institution of the United States is reputed to have been established on August 12, 1868. (Untitled pamphlet of the L.O.I. of the U.S.A., n.d. but probably early 1960s). The warrant (official charter) was issued in 1870.
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• In 1902 Ireland had 1653 Lodges, Canada and Newfoundland 2000. Report of Proceedings of the Imperial Grand Orange Council, 1903, pp. 34–37.
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• P.B. Waite, Arduous Destiny: Canada 1874–96 (Toronto: McCIelland and Stewart, 1971), p. 87. For further discussion of this see Cecil J. Houston and William J. Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore: a historial geography of the Orange Order in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), pp. 84–91.
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• Houston and Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore, pp. 91–111.
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• Ibid., p. 177.
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• Ibid., p. 22.
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• Ibid., p. 38.
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• Wyndham Lewis, cited in William Kilbourn, ed., The Toronto Book: an anthology of writings past and present (Toronto: Macmillan, 1976). pp. 48–49.
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• Houston and Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore, p. 163.
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• Ibid., pp. 91–111.
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• Ibid., p. 157.
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• Ibid., pp. 157–159.
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• Ibid., p. 159.
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• C.J. Houston and W.J. Smyth, “The Irish Abroad: Better questions through a better source,” Irish Geography 13 (1980), 1–19.
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• Houston and Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore, p. 113.
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• R.A. Billington, The Protestant Crusade, 1800–1860 (Gloucester, Mass.; P. Smith, 1963), p. 78.
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• Report of Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Supreme Grand [Orange] Lodge of the United States 1872, p. 6.
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• Report of Proceedings of the Imperial Grand Orange Council, 1903, p. 36.
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• Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, Ritual of the L.O.I. of the United States (n.d., n.p.), p. 17.
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• For a discussion of the problems that arise in employing the American meaning of terms such as Irish and Scots-Irish in interpretations of the Irish experience in Canada see Donald H. Akenson, “Ontario: Whatever Happened to the Irish?” Canadian Papers in Rural History 3 (1982), 222–225.
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• Data for Figure 2 were obtained from Loyal Orange Institution of the United States, List of Officers of the Supreme Grand Orange Lodge and Directory (Pittsburgh, 1897). pp. 7–78
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• The names and addresses of masters and recording secretaries of 3 district and 21 local Orange Lodges in Philadelphia for each year during the period 1895–1905 were obtained from lodge membership reports in the possession of the current Grand Secretary of the L.O.I. of the U.S.A., Mr. Walter Wilson. These data were cross-checked with resident and address entries in Philadelphia city directories, and yielded 123 verifiable name and address combinations for 1900, a census year. A search in the manuscript census resulted in the locating of 86 of the 123.
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• Cited in Berthoff, British Immigrants in Industrial America, p. 191
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• Houston and Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore, pp. 104–105.
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• Ibid., p. 103.
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• See Dale Light, “Class, Ethnicity and the Urban Ecology in the Nineteenth Century City: Philadelphia's Irish, 1840–1890” (unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1979), p. 22 and Figure II-H.
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• Houston and Smyth, The Sash Canada Wore, pp. 106–109.
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• Roland Berthoff, An Unsettled People: Social Order and Disorder in American History (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), p. 281, and John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 (New York: Atheneum, 1963), p. 61.
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• Humphrey J. Desmond, The A.P.A. Movement, A Sketch (Washington: The New Century Press, 1912), pp. 45–57.
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• Ibid.
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• James T. Watt, “Anti-catholic Nativism in Canada: the Protestant Protective Association,” Canadian Historical Review 48 (1967), 45–58.
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• Report of Proceedings of the Triennial Grand Orange Council of the World, 1900. p. 11.
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