NOTES
- Dalton Camp, Gentlemen, Players and Politicians (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970), 7–8
- Richard Starr, Richard Hatfield: The Seventeen Year Saga (Halifax: Formac Publishing, 1987), 135–137.
- Allan Fotheringham, “A Bunker Mentality in New Brunswick,” Maclean's, 31 July 1989, 48.
- Ibid., 48.
- “Nuclear Bunker scheme in N.B. Shelved,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), 27 July 1989, 10.
- Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1981, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984).
- New Brunswickers' sense that politics is an unsavory activity may be a regional phenomenon. John Edward Belliveau, Louis Robichaud's biographer, quotes Paul St. Pierre, a Maritimer and writer, as saying “In British Columbia politics is an adventure, on the Prairies, a cause, in Ontario, a business, in Quebec, a religion, and in the Maritimes, a disease.” John Edward Belliveau, Little Louis and The Giant KC (Hantsport, N.S.: Lancelot Press, 1981), 10.
- Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1978, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981), 171.
- P.J. Fitzpatrick, “New Brunswick: The Politics of Pragmatism,” in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces (Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1978), 120.
- P.J. Fitzpatrick, ibid., 125. Supporting Fitzpatrick's interpretation was Robert E. Garland, who wrote that “New Brunswick might best be described as parochial, and anachronistic. Politics was a secularized religion, almost a 'tribal rite', in which individuals, because of linguistic and religious affinity, identified with either of the two parties, and the identification remained with them for life.” Robert E. Garland, Promises, Promises… An Almanac of New Brunswick Elections, 1870–1970 (Saint John, N.B.: Division of Social Science, University of New Brunswick at Saint John, 1970), 18.
- Chris Morris, “New Brunswick Opposition Awaits Hatfield Election Call,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), 29 June 1987, A8.
- “Hatfield Promises Islanders a Bridge,” Toronto Star, 31 August 1987, A8. According to the Star,
- The 1,100 residents of the island off the northeastern tip of New Brunswick have been lobbying for a bridge for 25 years…. Hatfield's bridge announcement brought almost 1,000 party supporters to their feet during a nominating convention for Housing Minister Jean Gauvin. Of course, not everyone accepted Hatfield's promise to spend $10 to $12 million over 2 1/2 years. Claude Beaudin, a Miscou Island resident who heads a local committee for construction of a bridge, said last night he'll believe Hatfield's promise when the committee gets something in writing.
- “N.B. Leader's 1st Year Gets Mixed Grades,” Montreal Gazette, 13 October 1988, B6.
- Jeffrey Simpson, Spoils of Power: The Politics of Patronage (Don Mills, Ont.: Collins, 1988), 394.
- Edmund A. Aunger, In Search of Political Stability: A Comparative Study of New Brunswick and Northern Ireland (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1981), 165–166.
- Richard E.B. Simeon and David J. Elkins, “Regional Political Cultures in Canada,” Canadian Journal of Political Science 7, no. 3 (September 1974): 435–436.
- Assisting Professor Lambert in the project were Professors S.D. Brown, J.E. Curtis, B.J. Kay, and J.M. Wilson. Naturally, the original collectors of the data and the S.S.H.R.C.C. bear no responsibility for the analyses and intrepretations which I am presenting. “The Canadian Federal Election was held on September 4, 1984 and in-home, face-to-face interviewing was conducted with a national sample during the period October 1984 to February 1985.” The 1984 National Election Study was funded by the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
- The 1984 Canadian National Election Study Codebook, February 1986, 4.
- William Mishler, Political Participation in Canada (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1979), 75.
- Ibid., 75.
- Ibid., 76.
- Lester W. Milbrath, Political Participation: How and Why Do People Get Involved in Politics? (Rand McNally, 1965), 78.
- Camp, op. cit., 88.
- Starr, op. cit., 67–68.
- Perry Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1986), 162.
- Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1984 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), 250.
- Montreal Gazette, 4 February 1988, B7.
- Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1977 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), 175.
- The Irving-dominated, New Brunswick newspapers have shown a lackadaisical attitude toward political corruption. The print media tended to ignore evidence of corruption during the 1970s. During the 1974 election campaign which featured exposure of numerous improprieties by out-of-province reporters, the Irving press was typically apathetic
- In a feature article entitled “Kickbacks Flourish but New Brunswick Shrugs,” the Financial Post's Philip Mathias “found about twenty examples of political impropriety, and even though several had been made public, only in the case of J.C. Van Horne was anyone concerned enough “to mount a determined widespread investigation.” The article noted that the RCMP had received numerous complaints, but while the force had some freedom of operation as the provincial police, it appeared “to be acquiescing in a Justice Department coverup.” For his part, Liberal leader Higgins was quoted by the Bathurst Tribune as saying he would not raise the issue for fear it would result in the unearthing of similar activities during the decade of Liberal rule. As in most previous elections over the past twenty years, with the notable exception of the bitter 1967 contest over the Programme of Equal Opportunity, the Irving press refused to write editorials or, as Philip Mathias noted in his article, “to do hard investigative journalism. Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1974 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1977), 214.
- The Canadian World Alamanc & Book of Facts, 1989 (Toronto: Global Press, 1988), 67–71.
- Ibid., 67–71.
- Dyck, op. cit., 142.
- Start, op. cit., 89.
- Halifax Chronicle-Herald, 16 October 1987, 20.
- Jeffrey Simpson, Spoils of Power: The Politics of Patronage (Don Mills, Ont.: Collins, 1988), 193.
- Dalton Camp, Gentlemen, Players and Politicians (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970), 38.
- Russell Hunt and Robert Campbell, K.C. Irving—The An of the Industrialist (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1973) as quoted in Peter C. Newman, The Canadian Establishment (Toronto: Seal Books, 1977), 258.
- Winnipeg Free Press, 7 October 1987, 17.
- Calgary Herald, 14 September 1984, A2. Much of the historical material (1755–1984) presented in the next few pages first appeared in “The Political Cultures of New Brunswick's Acadians and Anglophones: Conflict and Consensus,” a paper presented to the meeting of the Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 20 September 1985.
- David Folster, “In Search of Paradise Lost,” Maclean's, 8 October 1979, 38.
- Aunger, op. cit., 17.
- Ibid., 17–19.
- Ibid., 1.
- Ibid., 1–2.
- Ibid., 25.
- P.J. Fitzpatrick, “The Politics of Pragmatism,” in Robin, ed., op. cit., 119.
- Aunger, op. cit., 2.
- Richard Wilbur, “New Brunswick,” in Canadian Annual Review of Politics and Public Affairs, 1970 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973).
- Maclean's, 27 February 1989, 16.
- Dyck, op. cit., 164.
- Aunger, op. cit., 151.
- Simpson, op. cit., 185.
- “Speaking for New Brunswick,” Maclean's, 26 October 1987, 21.
- Simpson, op. cit., 194.
- Montreal Gazettes, 27 July 1988, B1.