The Electoral Boundary Revolution in the Maritime Provinces

NOTES

• R.K. Carty, “The Electoral Boundary Revolution in Canada,” The American Review of Canadian Studies 15 (1985): 273–87.
   Google Scholar
• New Brunswick, Representation and Electoral Boundaries Commission, Towards a New Electoral Map for New Brunswick, First Report, July 1992; and A New Electoral Map for New Brunswick, Final Report, October 1993. Subsequently referred to as New Brunswick Commission, First Report or Final Report.
   Google Scholar
• Nova Scotia, Provincial Electoral Boundaries Commission, Effective Political Representation in Nova Scotia: The 1992 Report of the Provincial Electoral Boundaries Commission, March 1992; and Supplemental Report, June 1992. Subsequently referred to as Nova Scotia Commission, Report or Supplemental Report.
   Google Scholar
• Prince Edward Island, Election Act and Electoral Boundaries Commission, Changing the Political Landscape, Final Report, March 1994. Subsequently referred to as Prince Edward Island Commission, Report.
   Google Scholar
• Reference re Provincial Electoral Boundaries (Sask.) (1991) 2 S.C.R. 158. Subsequently referred to as the Carter decision.
   Google Scholar
• Canada, Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing, Reforming Electoral Democracy: Final Report, vol. 1–4 (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1991). Subsequently referred to as the Lortie Report.
   Google Scholar
• See John C. Courtney, Peter MacKinnon, and David E. Smith, eds., Drawing Boundaries: Legislatures, Courts, and Electoral Values (Saskatoon: Fifth House Publishers, 1992); J. Paul Johnston and Harvey E. Pasis, eds., Representation and Electoral Systems: Canadian Perspectives (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990); and David Small, ed., Drawing the Map: Equality and Efficacy of the Vote in Canadian Electoral Boundary Reform, Vol. 11 of the Research Studies for the Royal Commission on Electoral Reform and Party Financing (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1991).
   Google Scholar
• For example, E.R. Forbes, Challenging the Regional Stereotype (Fredericton: Acadiensis Press, 1989); and R. A. Young, “Teaching and Research in Maritime Politics: Old Stereotypes and New Directions,” journal of Canadian Studies 21.2 (1986): 133–56.
   Google Scholar
• Hugh Mellon, “New Brunswick—The Politics of Reform,” in The Provincial State: Politics in Canada's Provinces and Territories, edited by Keith Brownsey and Michael Howlett (Mississauga, ON: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1992), 81–112. Gary Burrill and Ian McKay, eds., People, Resources, and Power (Halifax: Gorsebrook Research Institute, 1987). Ian Stewart, Roasting Chestnuts: The Mythology of Maritime Political Culture (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1994).
   Google Scholar
• Carter decision, 179–189.
   Google Scholar
• Ibid., 183.
   Google Scholar
• For a penetrating review of the Carter decision, see D. Johnson, “Canadian Electoral Boundaries and the Courts: Practices, Principles and Problems,” McGill Law Journal 39 (1994): 224–247.
   Google Scholar
• The descriptive facts presented in the following discussion have been gathered primarily from the reports of the three commissions.
   Google Scholar
• See S. Hyson, “Where's ‘Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition’ in the Loyalist Province?” Canadian Parliamentary Review 11.2 (1988): 22–25; and “Reforming New Brunswick's Bizarre Voting System,” Policy Options 11.6 (1990): 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• S. Hyson, “Constituency Redistribution in New Brunswick,” Canadian Parliamentary Review 16.4 (1993–94): 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Re: MacKinnon v. Prince Edward Island (1993) 101 R.L.R. (4th) 362.
   Google Scholar
• New Brunswick Commission, First Report, 16; and Hyson, “Constituency Redistribution in New Brunswick.” 12–15.
   Google Scholar
• Prince Edward Island Commission, Report, 5.
   Google Scholar
• Calculations are based on: Nova Scotia, Chief Electoral Officer, Returns of General Election for the House of Assembly (Halifax: Queen's Printer, 1988).
   Google Scholar
• New Brunswick Commission, Final Report, 15.
   Google Scholar
• Prince Edward Island Commission, Report, 3–6, 17–20.
   Google Scholar
• Munroe Eagles, “Enhancing Relative Vote Equality in Canada: The Role of Electors in Boundary Adjustment,” in Small, 175–220.
   Google Scholar