Becoming killable: white-tailed deer management and the production of overabundance in the Blue Hills

References

• Arcari, P., Probyn-Rapsey, F., & Singer, H. (2020). Where species don’t meet: Invisibilized animals, urban nature and city limits. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 251484862093987. Epub ahead of Print 7 July 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848620939870
   Google Scholar
• Aronson, M. F., Lepczyk, C. A., Evans, K. L., Goddard, M. A., Lerman, S. B., MacIvor, J. S., … Vargo, T. (2017). Biodiversity in the city: Key challenges for urban green space management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 15(4), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1480
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atchison, J., & Head, L. (2013). Eradicating bodies in invasive plant management. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 31(6), 951–968. https://doi.org/10.1068/d17712
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkins, Peter (2012). Animal Wastes and Nuisances in Nineteenth-Century London. In Atkins, Peter. (Ed.), Animal cities: Beastly urban histories (pp. 19–51). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315567167
   Google Scholar
• Augustine, D. J., & DeCalesta, D. (2003). Defining deer overabundance and threats to forest communities: From individual plants to landscape structure. Ecoscience, 10(4), 472–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/11956860.2003.11682795
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barua, M., & Sinha, A. (2019). Animating the urban: An ethological and geographical conversation. Social and Cultural Geography, 20(8), 1160–1180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2017.1409908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bear, C. (2011). Being Angelica? Exploring individual animal geographies. Area, 43(3), 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01019.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biehler, D. D. (2013). Pests in the city: Flies, bedbugs, cockroaches, and rats. University of Washington press
   Google Scholar
• Biermann, C. (2016). Securing forests from the scourge of chestnut blight: The biopolitics of nature and nation. Geoforum, 75, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.07.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biermann, C., & Anderson, R. M. (2017). Conservation, biopolitics, and the governance of life and death. Geography Compass, 11(10), e12329. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12329
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biermann, C., & Mansfield, B. (2014). Biodiversity, purity, and death: Conservation biology as biopolitics. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 32(2), 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1068/d13047p
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonman-Berson, S., Turnhout, E., & Van Tatenhove, J. (2014). Invasive species: The categorization of wildlife in science, policy, and wildlife management. Land Use Policy, 38, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun, B. (2005). Environmental issues: Writing a more-than-human urban geography. Progress in Human Geography, 29(5), 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph574pr
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braverman, I. (2014). Governing the wild: Databases, algorithms, and population models as biopolitics. Surveillance & Society, 12(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i1.4579
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, L. H., Decker, D. J., & Lipscomb, J. F. (2000). Stakeholder acceptance capacity in wildlife management. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 5(3), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200009359184
   Google Scholar
• Collard, R.-C. (2012). Cougar — Human entanglements and the biopolitical un/making of safe space. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 30(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1068/d19110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté, S. D., Rooney, T. P., Tremblay, J. P., Dussault, C., & Waller, D. M. (2004). Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 35(1), 113–147. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.35.021103.105725
   Google Scholar
• Driscoll, D. A., & Watson, M. J., 2019. Science denialism and compassionate conservation: response to Wallach et al. 2018. Conservation Biology, 33(4), 777–780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Lucia, V. (2019). Bare nature. The biopolitical logic of the international regulation of invasive alien species. Journal of Environmental Law, 31(1), 109–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqy016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Casino, V. J. (2018). Social geography(ies) III: Bugs. Progress in Human Geography, 42(2), 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516681702
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey, J. (2010). Tracking grizzly bears in British Columbia’s environmental politics. Environment & Planning A, 42(5), 1138–1156. https://doi.org/10.1068/a42214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliot, C. (1893). Report of the Board of Metropolitan Park Commissioners.
   Google Scholar
• Fleming, J. (2017). Toward vegetal political ecology: Kyrgyzstan’s walnut–fruit forest and the politics of graftability. Geoforum, 79, 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.12.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (2004). Society must be defended. Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (2007). Security, territory, population. Palgrave MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, D. R., Motzkin, G., Bernardos, D., & Cardoza, J. (2002). Wildlife dynamics in the changing New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography, 29(10–11), 1337–1357. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00759.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandy, M. (2005). Urban nature and the ecological imaginary. In N. Heynen, M. Kaika, & E. Swyngedouw (Eds.), In The nature of cities: urban political ecology and the politics of urban metabolism (pp. 63–74). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gaston, K. J., Ávila-Jiménez, M. L., & Edmondson, J. L. (2013). Managing urban ecosystems for goods and services. Journal of Applied Ecology, 50(4), 830–840. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynor, A. (1999). Regulation, resistance and the residential area: The keeping of productive animals in twentieth-century Perth, Western Australia. Urban Policy and Research, 17(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111149908727786
   Google Scholar
• Gigliotti, L., Decker, D. J., & Carpenter, L. H. (2000). Developing the wildlife stakeholder acceptance capacity concept: Research needed. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 5(3), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871200009359189
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, H., Poulter, I., & Sibley, D. (2000). Feral cats in the city. In C. Philo & C. Wilbert (Eds.), Animal spaces, beastly places: New geographies of human-animal relations (pp. 56–70). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, K. (2009). Rethinking the nature of urban environmental politics: Security, subjectivity, and the non-human. Geoforum, 40(2), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruffudd, P. (2000). Biological cultivation: Lubetkin’s modernism at London Zoo in the 1930s. In C. Philo & C. Wilbert (Eds.), Animal spaces, beastly places: New geographies of human-animal relations (pp. 222–242). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hayward, M. W., Callen, A., Allen, B. L., Ballard, G., Broekhuis, F., Bugir, C., Clarke, R. H., Clulow, J., Clulow, S., Daltry, J. C., & Davies‐Mostert, H. T., 2019. Deconstructing compassionate conservation. Conservation Biology, 33(4), pp.760–768.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, R., & Pauleit, S. (2014). From multifunctionality to multiple ecosystem services? A conceptual framework for multifunctionality in green infrastructure planning for Urban Areas. Ambio, 43(4), 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0510-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heynen, N., Kaika, M., & Swyngedouw, E. (2005). Urban political ecology politicizing the production of urban natures. In N. Heynen, M. Kaika, and E. Swyngedouw (Eds.), In the nature of cities: Urban political ecology and the politics of urban metabolism (pp. 1–20). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203027523
   Google Scholar
• Hinchliffe, S. (2007). Geographies of nature: Societies, environments, ecologies. SAGE
   Google Scholar
• Hinchliffe, S., Kearnes, M. B., Degen, M., & Whatmore, S. (2005). Urban wild things: A cosmopolitical experiment. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 23(5), 643–658. https://doi.org/10.1068/d351t
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgetts, T. (2017). Wildlife conservation, multiple biopolitics and animal subjectification: Three mammals’ tales. Geoforum, 79, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holloway, L., Morris, C., Gilna, B., & Gibbs, D. (2009). Biopower, genetics and livestock breeding: (Re)constituting animal populations and heterogeneous biosocial collectivities. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34(3), 394–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00347.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm, N. (2020). Consider the (Feral) cat: Ferality, biopower, and the ethics of predation. Society & Animals, 1(aop), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-BJA10006
   Google Scholar
• Houston, D., Hillier, J., MacCallum, D., Steele, W., & Byrne, J. (2018). Make kin, not cities! Multispecies entanglements and ‘becoming-world’ in planning theory. Planning Theory, 17(2), 190–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095216688042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovorka, A. (2008). Cultural geographies transspecies urban theory : Chickens in an African city. Cultural Geographies, 15(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474007085784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Instone, L., & Sweeney, J. (2014). Dog waste, wasted dogs: The contribution of human-dog relations to the political ecology of Australian urban space. Geographical Research, 52(4), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaika, M. & Swyngedouw, E. 2012. Cities, natures and the political imaginary. Architectural Design, 82(4), 22–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legg, S. (2005, May). Foucault’s population geographies: Classifications, biopolitics and governmental spaces. Population, Space and Place, 11(3), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepczyk, C. A., Aronson, M. F. J., Evans, K. L., Goddard, M. A., Lerman, S. B., & Macivor, J. S. (2017). Biodiversity in the city: Fundamental questions for understanding the ecology of urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation. BioScience, 67(9), 799–807. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix079
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levi, T., Kilpatrick, A. M., Mangel, M., & Wilmers, C. C. (2012). Deer, predators, and the emergence of Lyme disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(27), 10942–10947. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1204536109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorimer, J. (2008). Living roofs and brownfield wildlife: Towards a fluid biogeography of UK nature conservation. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 40(9), 2042–2060. https://doi.org/10.1068/a39261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorimer, J. (2015). Wildlife in the anthropocene: Conservation after nature. University of Minnesota Press
   Google Scholar
• Lorimer, J., & Driessen, C. (2013). Bovine biopolitics and the promise of monsters in the rewilding of Heck cattle. Geoforum, 48, 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.09.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luniak, M. (2004). Synurbization: Adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development. pp. 50–55. In Proceedings of the 4th International Urban Wildlife Symposium. Shaw, W. W., Harris, L.K., & Vandruff, L. (eds), Tuscon, Arizona
   Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (DCR and DFW). (2015). Blue Hills State Reservation: Deer Management Plan.
   Google Scholar
• Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). (2011). Resource Management Plan: Blue Hills Planning Unit.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, Warren H. (1895). Untitled Essay. In Report of the Board of the Metropolitan Park Commissioners.
   Google Scholar
• Metropolitan District Commission (MDC). (1971). Natural Resources Program for the Blue Hills Reservation: Phase II Natural Resources Plan. Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Metropolitan District Commission (MDC). (1985). Vegetation Inventory Report: Blue Hills Reservations. Boston, MA
   Google Scholar
• Metropolitan District Commission (MDC). (1990). Blue Hills Reservation Management Plan: Philosophy and Preliminary Recommendations. Boston, MA.
   Google Scholar
• McShea, W. J. 2012. Ecology and management of white-tailed deer in a changing world. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1): 45–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Metzger, J. (2015). The city is not a menschenpark: Rethinking the tragedy of the Urban commons beyond the human/ non-human divide. In C. Borch & M. Kornberger (Eds.), Urban commons: rethinking the city (pp. 32–56). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315780597-7
   Google Scholar
• Morrissey, Peter (Oct. 1, 2015). Deer hunt goes against spirit of Blue Hills. The Patriot Ledger. Retrieved from: www.patriotledger.com
   Google Scholar
• Margulies, J. D. (2019). Making the ‘man-eater’: Tiger conservation as necropolitics. Political Geography, 69, 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2018.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKiernan, S., & Instone, L. (2016). From pest to partner: Rethinking the Australian White Ibis in the more-than-human city. Cultural Geographies, 23(3), 475–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474015609159
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinnon, I., Hurley, P. T., Myles, C. C., Maccaroni, M., & Filan, T. (2019). Uneven urban metabolisms: Toward an integrative (ex)urban political ecology of sustainability in and around the city. Urban Geography, 40(3), 352–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1388733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShea, W. J., Underwood, H. B., & Rappole, J. H. (1997). The science of overabundance. Smithsonian Institution Press.
   Google Scholar
• Paquet, P., & Darimont, C. (2010). Wildlife conservation and animal welfare: Two sides of the same coin? Animal Welfare, 19, 177–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins, H. A. (2020). Killing one trout to save another: A hegemonic political ecology with its biopolitical basis in yellowstone’s native fish conservation plan. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 110(5), 1559–1576. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2020.1723395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philo, C. (1995). Animals, geography, and the city: Notes on inclusions and exclusions. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 13(6), 655–681. https://doi.org/10.1068/d130655
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford, S. (2007). Green governmentality: Insights and opportunities in the study of nature’s rule. Progress in Human Geography, 31(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132507077080
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robbins, P., & Moore, S. (2013). Ecological anxiety disorder: Diagnosing the politics of the anthropocene. Cultural Geographies, 20 (1), 3–19. http://cgj.sagepub.com/content/20/1/3.short.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shurcliff, Arthur (1934). Report on Forest Improvement and Related Matters. Submitted to Metropolitan District Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Sloane, J. (2015, October 8). The Argument: Should a deer hunt be allowed in the Blue Hills Reservation? The Boston Globe. Retrieved from: www.thebostonglobe.com
   Google Scholar
• Soulé, M. E. (1985). What Is Conservation Biology? BioScience, 35(11), 727–734. https://doi.org/10.2307/1310054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E., & Kaika, M. (2000). The environment of the city or … the urbanisation of nature. In ed. G. Bridge & S. Watson (Eds.), A Companion to the City (pp. 567–80). Blackwell
   Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, K. (2013). The biopolitics of animal being and welfare: Dog control and care in the UK and India. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 38(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00501.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, K. (2014). Caring for the collective: Biopower and agential subjectification in wildlife conservation. Environment and Planning. D, Society & Space, 32(3), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.1068/d13101p
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivasan, K. (2019). Remaking more‐than‐human society: Thought experiments on street dogs as “nature”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 44(2), 376–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. (2004). Social power and the urbanization of water: Flows of power. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw, E. (2006). Circulations and metabolisms: (Hybrid) Natures and (Cyborg) cities. Science as Culture, 15(2), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430600707970
   Google Scholar
• Urbanik, J., & Morgan, M. (2013). A tale of tails: The place of dog parks in the urban imaginary. Geoforum, 44, 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, K., & Prior, J. (2020). The reintroduction of beavers to Scotland: Rewilding, biopolitics, and the affordance of non-human autonomy. Conservation and Society, 18(2), 103. https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_19_63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, R. J. (1997). The challenge of deer overabundance in the 21st century. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 25(2), 213–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallach, A. D., Bekoff, M., Batavia, C., Nelson, M. P. & Ramp, D., 2018. Summoning compassion to address the challenges of conservation. Conservation Biology, 32(6), 1255–1265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, B., and J. A. Parkhurst. (2002). Interactions between deer damage, deer density, and stakeholder attitudes in Virginia. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 30(1), 139–147
   Google Scholar
• Whatmore, S. (2002). Hybrid geographies: Natures, cultures, spaces. SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, M. L., Levine, J. F., & Spielman, A. (1984). Effect of deer reduction on abundance of the deer tick (Ixodes dammini). The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 57 (4), 697–705. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6516462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolch, J. (1996). Zoöpolis. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, 7(2), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455759609358677
   Google Scholar
• Wolch, J. (2002). Anima urbis. Progress in Human Geography, 26(6), 721–742. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132502ph400oa
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar