Osteology of Rebbachisaurus garasbae Lavocat, 1954, a diplodocoid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the early Late Cretaceous–aged Kem Kem beds of southeastern Morocco

LITERATURE CITED

• Allain, R., and N. Aquesbi. 2008. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. GeoDiversitas 30:345–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allain, R., N. Aquesbi, J. Dejax, C. Meyer, M. Monbaron, C. Montenat, P. Richir, M. Rochdy, D. A. Russell, and P. Taquet. 2004. A basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol 3:199–208.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. F., A. Hall-Martin, and D. A. Russell. 1985. Long-bone circumference and weight in mammals, birds, and dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology, London (A) 207:53–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apesteguía, S. 2005. Evolution of the hyposphene-hypantrum complex within Sauropoda; pp. 248–267 in V. Tidwell and K. Carpenter (eds.), Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
   Google Scholar
• Apesteguía, S. 2007. The sauropod diversity of the La Amarga Formation (Barremian), Neuquén. Argentina. Gondwana Research 12:533–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apesteguía, S., P. A. Gallina, and A. Haluza. 2010. Not just a pretty face: anatomical peculiarities in the postcranium of rebbachisaurids (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea). Historical Biology 22:165–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandyopadhyay, S., D. D. Gillette, S. Ray, and D. P. Sengupta. 2010. Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India. Palaeontology 53:533–569.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, R. B. J., N. E. Campione, M. T. Carrano, P. D. Mannion, C. Sullivan, P. Upchurch, and D. C. Evans. 2014. Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage. PLoS Biology 12:e1001853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blows, W. T. 1995. The Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaurs Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus from the Isle of Wight, England. Palaeontology 38:187–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, J. F. 1996. Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen 30:73–130.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, J. F. 1997. Rayososaurus agrioensis Bonaparte 1995. Ameghiniana 34:116.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, J. F. 1999. Evolución de las vértebras presacras en Sauropodomorpha. Ameghiniana 36:115–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, J. F., and R. A. Coria. 1993. Un nuevo y gigantesco saurópodo titanosaurio de la formación Río Limay (Albiano-Cenomaniano) de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30:271–282.
   Google Scholar
• Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37:6–63.
   Google Scholar
• Calvo, J. O. 1999. Dinosaurs and other vertebrates of the Lake Ezequiel Ramos Mexia areas, Neuquén–Patagonia, Argentina; pp. 13–45 in Y. Tomida, T. H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich (eds.), Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 12–13 July 1998. National Science Museum Monographs, Tokyo.
   Google Scholar
• Calvo, J. O, and L. Salgado. 1995. Rebbachisaurus tessonei sp. nov. a new Sauropoda from the Albian-Cenomanian of Argentina; new evidence on the origin of the Diplodocidae. Gaia 11:13–33.
   Google Scholar
• Carballido, J. L., A. C. Garrido, J. I. Canudo, and L. Salgado. 2010. Redescription of Rayososaurus agrioensis Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea), a rebbachisaurid from the early Late Cretaceous of Neuquén. Geobios 43:493–502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carballido, J. L., L. Salgado, D. Pol, J. I. Canudo, and A. C. Garrido. 2012. A new basal rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin; evolution and biogeography of the group. Historical Biology 24:631–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrano, M. T. 2006. Body-size evolution in the Dinosauria; pp. 225–268 in M. T. Carrano, R. W. Blob, T. J. Gaudin, and J. R. Wible (eds.), Amniote Paleobiology: Perspectives on the Evolution of Mammals, Birds, and Reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
   Google Scholar
• Carrano, M. T., and J. R. Hutchinson. 2002. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 253:207–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, I., L. Avilla, and L. Salgado. 2003. Amazonsaurus maranhensis gen. et. sp. nov. (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Brazil. Cretaceous Research 24:697–713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro, D. F., R. J. Bertini, R. M. Santucci, and M. A. Medeiros. 2007. Sauropods of the Itapecuru Group (lower/middle Albian), São Luis-Grajáu Basin, Maranhão State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 10:195–200.
   Google Scholar
• Cavin, L., H. Tong, L. Boudad, C. Meister, A. Piuz, J. Tabouelle, M. Aarab, R. Amiot, E. Buffetaut, G. Dyke, S. Hua, and J. Le Loeuff. 2010. Vertebrate assemblages from the early Late Cretaceous of southeastern Morocco: an overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences 57:391–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choubert, G. 1948. Essai sur la paléogéographie du Mésocretacé marocain. Volume jubilaire, Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc 1920210 1945:307–329.
   Google Scholar
• Choubert, G., and J. Marçais. 1952. Géologie du Maroc. Monographies régionales du XIXe Congrès Géologique International 6:1–194.
   Google Scholar
• Chure, D. J., B. B. Britt, J. A. Whitlock, and J. A. Wilson. 2010. First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition. Naturwissenschaften 97:379–391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, K. M., S. C. Finney, P. L. Gibbard, and J.-X. Fan. 2013; updated. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36:199–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry Rogers, K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:1046–1086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry Rogers, K., and C. A. Forster. 2001. The last of the dinosaur titans: a new sauropod from Madagascar. Nature 412:530–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalla Vecchia, F. 1998. Remains of Sauropoda (Reptilia, Saurischia) in the Lower Cretaceous (Upper Hauterivian/Lower Barremian) limestones of SW Istria (Croatia). Geologia Croatica 51:105–134.
   Google Scholar
• Dalla Vecchia, F. 1999. Atlas of the sauropod bones from the upper Hauterivian-lower Barremian of Bale/Valle (SW Istria, Croatia). Natura Nascosta 18:6–41.
   Google Scholar
• Dalla Vecchia, F. 2005. Between Gondwana and Laurasia: Cretaceous sauropods in an intraoceanic platform; pp. 395–429 in V. Tidwell and K. Carpenter (eds.), Thunder-lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
   Google Scholar
• D'Emic, M. D., J. A. Whitlock, K. M. Smith, D. C. Fisher, and J. A. Wilson. 2013. Evolution of high tooth replacement rates in sauropod dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 8:e69235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutheil, D. B. 1999. An overview of the freshwater fish fauna from the Kem Kem beds (Late Cretaceous: Cenomanian) of southeastern Morocco; pp. 553–563 in G. Arratia and H.-P. Schultze (eds.), Mesozoic Fishes 2—Systematics and Fossil Record. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich.
   Google Scholar
• Fanti, F., A. Cau, and M. Hassine. 2014. Evidence of titanosauriforms and rebbachisaurids (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 90:1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanti, F., A. Cau, M. Hassine, and M. Contessi. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Tunisia with extreme avian-like pneumatization. Nature Communications 4:2080. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallina, P. A., and S. Apesteguía. 2005. Cathartesaura anaerobica gen. et sp. nov., a new rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Huincul Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Río Negro, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nuevo series 7:153–166.
   Google Scholar
• Galton, P. M., and P. Upchurch. 2004. Stegosauria; pp. 343–362 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Garrido, A. C. 2010. Estratigrafía del Grupo Neuquén, Cretácico Superior de la Cuenca Neuquina (Argentina): nueva propuesta de ordenamiento litoestratigráfico. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 12:121–177.
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore, C. W. 1936. Osteology of Apatosaurus with special reference to specimens in the Carnegie Museum. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 11:175–300.
   Google Scholar
• Goloboff, P. A., S. Farris, and K. Nixon. 2008a. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24:774–786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goloboff, P. A., S. Farris, and K. Nixon. 2008b. TNT: Tree analysis using New Technology, version 1.1 (Willi Henning Society Edition). Updated at http://www.lillo.org.ar/phylogeny/tnt/. Accessed March 3, 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Haluza, A., J. I. Canale, A. Otero, L. M. Pérez, and A. Scanferla. 2012. Changes in vertebral laminae across the cervicodorsal transition of a well-preserved rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Cenomanian of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:219–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, J. D. 2007. The appendicular skeleton of Suuwassea emilieae (Sauropoda: Flagellicaudata) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana. USA. Geobios 40:501–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, J. D., and P. Dodson. 2004. A new diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, USA. Acta Palaentologica Polonica 49:197–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatcher, J. B. 1901. Diplodocus Marsh, its osteology, taxonomy, and probable habits, with a restoration of the skeleton. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1:1–63.
   Google Scholar
• Hatcher, J. B. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus, with description of a new species, and remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2:1–75.
   Google Scholar
• Hulke, J. W. 1880. Supplementary note on the vertebrae of Ornithopsis, Seeley = Eucamerotus, Hulke. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 36:31–35.
   Google Scholar
• Ibiricu, L. M., G. A. Casal, M. C. Lamanna, R. D. Martínez, J. D. Harris, and K. J. Lacovara. 2012. The southernmost records of Rebbachisauridae (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea), from early Late Cretaceous deposits in central Patagonia. Cretaceous Research 34:220–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibiricu, L. M., G. A. Casal, R. D. Martínez, M. C. Lamanna, M. Luna, and L. Salgado. 2013. Katepensaurus goicoecheai, gen. et sp. nov., a Late Cretaceous rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33:1351–1366.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, S. L., T. S. Kutty, T. K. Roy-Chowdhury, and S. Chatterjee. 1979. Some characteristics of Barapasaurus tagorei, a sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Deccan, India; pp. 204–216 in Proceedings of the IV International Gondwana Symposium, Calcutta, Volume 1. Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, India.
   Google Scholar
• Janensch, W. 1929. Die Wirbelsäule der Gattung Dicraeosaurus. Palaeontographica (Supplement 7) 2:35–133.
   Google Scholar
• Janensch, W. 1950. Die Wirbelsäule der von Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica (Supplement 7) 3:27–92.
   Google Scholar
• Janensch, W. 1961. Die Gliedmassen und Gliedmassengürtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica (Supplement 7) 3:177–235.
   Google Scholar
• Klein, N., K. Remes, C. T. Gee, and P. M. Sander. 2011. Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana, 331 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lapparent, A. F. de. 1960. Les dinosauriens du “Continental intercalaire” du Sahara central. Mémoires de le Société Géologique de France (nouvelle série) 88A:1–57.
   Google Scholar
• Lamanna, M. C., and Y. Hasegawa. 2014. New titanosauriform sauropod material from the Cenomanian of Morocco: implications for paleoecology and sauropod diversity in the Late Cretaceous of North Africa. Bulletin of the Gunma Museum of Natural History 18:1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1948. Découverte de Crétacé à vertébrés dans le soubassement de l'Hammada du Guir. Sud Marocain. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 226:1291–1292.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1949. Les gisements de vertébrés crétacés du Sud marocain. Compte rendu sommaire des Séances de la Société géologique de France 19:125–126.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1951. Découverte de restes d'un grand dinosaurien sauropode dans le Crétacé du sud Marocain. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 232:169–170.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1954a. Reconnaissance géologique dans les hammadas des confins Algéro-Marocains du sud. Notes et Mémoires du Service Géologique du Maroc 116:1–122.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1954b. Sur les dinosauriens du Continental Intercalaire des Kem-Kem de la Daoura; pp. 65–68 in Comptes rendus 19e Congrès géologique international, Alger, 1952. Academie des Sciences de Paris, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Lavocat, R. 1955. Titres et travaux scientifiques de M. René Lavocat. Romorantin. Imprimerie Centrale, Loir-et-Cher, 95 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Maidment, S. C. R., and P. M. Barrett. 2011. The locomotor musculature of basal ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:1265–1291.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannion, P. D. 2009. A rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Cretaceous Research 30:521–526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannion, P. D., and P. M. Barrett. 2013. Additions to the sauropod dinosaur fauna of the Cenomanian (early Late Cretaceous) Kem Kem beds of Morocco: palaeobiogeographical implications of the mid-Cretaceous African sauropod fossil record. Cretaceous Research 45:49–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannion P. D., P. Upchurch, and S. Hutt. 2011. New rebbachisaurid (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) material from the Wessex Formation (Barremian, Early Cretaceous), Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. Cretaceous Research 32:774–780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannion, P. D., P. Upchurch, O. Mateus, R. Barnes, and M. E. H. Jones. 2012. New information on the anatomy and systematic position of Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal, with a review of European diplodocoids. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10:521–551.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, O. C. 1878. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Pt. I. American Journal of Science (Series 3) 16:411–416.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh, O. C. 1884. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs. Pt. VII. On the Diplodocidae, a new family of the Sauropoda. American Journal of Science (Series 3) 28:161–167.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzetta, G. V., P. Christiansen, and R. A. Fariña. 2004. Giants and bizarres: body size of some southern South American Cretaceous dinosaurs. Historical Biology 16:71–83.
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh, J. S. 1990. Sauropoda; pp. 345–401 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Medeiros, M. A., and C. L. Schultz. 2004. Rayososaurus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) no meso-Cretáceo do norte-nordeste Brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 7:275–279.
   Google Scholar
• Meers, M. B. 2003. Crocodylian forelimb musculature and its relevance to Archosauria. The Anatomical Record Part A 274A:891–916.
   Google Scholar
• Naish, D., and D. M. Martill. 2001. Saurischian dinosaurs I: sauropods; pp. 185–211 in D. M. Martill and D. Naish (eds.), Dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight. Palaeontological Association, London.
   Google Scholar
• Néraudeau, D., and G. Breton. 1993. Astérides du Cénomanien de Charente-Maritime. SW France. Geobios 26:105–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nixon, K. C. 1999–2002. WinClada 1.00.08. Author, Ithaca, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Nopcsa, F. 1902. Notizen über cretacische Dinosaurier. Pt. 3. Wirbel eines sudamerikanischen Sauropoden. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 3:108–114.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn, H. F. 1899. A skeleton of Diplodocus. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 1:191–214.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn, H. F. 1904. Manus, sacrum, and caudals of Sauropoda. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 20:181–190.
   Google Scholar
• Osborn, H. F., and C. C. Mook. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias, and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History (new series) 3:249–387.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, J. H., and J. S. McIntosh. 1966. Marsh's Dinosaurs. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 391 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Pt. II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1841:60–204.
   Google Scholar
• Packard, G. C., T. J. Boardman, and G. F. Birchard. 2009. Allometric equations for predicting body mass of dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology 279:102–110.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereda Suberbiola, X., F. Torcida Fernández-Baldor, L. A. Izquierdo, P. Huerta, D. Montero, and G. Pérez. 2003. First rebbachisaurid dinosaur (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of Spain: palaeobiogeographical implications. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 174:471–479.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pol, D, and I. H. Escapa. 2009. Unstable taxa in cladistic analysis: identification and the assessment of relevant characters. Cladistics 25:515–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauhut, O. W. M., K. Remes, R. Fechner, G. Cladera, and P. Puerta. 2005. Discovery of a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic period of Patagonia. Nature 435:670–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riggs, E. S. 1904. Structure and relationships of opisthocœlian dinosaurs. Part II. The Brachiosauridæ. Field Columbian Museum, Geological Series 2:229–247.
   Google Scholar
• Romer, A. S. 1923. Crocodilian pelvic muscles and their avian and reptilian homologues. Bulletin American Museum of Natural History 48:533–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, A. S. 1956. Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 772 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Russell, D. A. 1996. Isolated dinosaur bones from the Middle Cretaceous of the Tafilalt, Morocco. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e séries 18:349–402.
   Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., and J. F. Bonaparte. 1991. Un nuevo sauropodo dicraeosauridae, Amargasaurus cazaui, gen. et. sp. nov., de la Formación La Amarga, Neocomiano de la Provincia del Neuquén, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28:333–346.
   Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., and J. O. Calvo. 1992. Cranial osteology of Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado & Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Dicraeosauridae) from the Neocomian of Patagonia. Ameghiniana 29:337–346.
   Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., I. Carvalho, and A. Garrido. 2006. Zapalasaurus bonapartei, un nuevo dinosaurio saurópodo de La Formación La Amarga (Cretácico Inferior), noroeste de Patagonia, Provincia de Neuquén, Argentina. Geobios 39:695–707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., R. A. Coria, and J. O. Calvo. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods. I: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 34:3–32.
   Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., J. I. Canudo, A. C. Garrido, and J. L. Carballido. 2012. Evidence of gregariousness in rebbachisaurids (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Neuquén (Rayoso Formation), Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:603–613.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado, L., A. Garrido, S. Cocca, and J. R. Cocca. 2004. Lower Cretaceous rebbachisaurids from Cerro Aguada del León (Lohan Cura Formation), Neuquén Province, northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:903–912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander, P. M., A. Christian, M. Clauss, R. Fechner, C. T. Gee, E.-M. Griebeler, H. C. Gunga, J. Hummel, H. Mallison, S. F. Perry, H. Preuschoft, O. W. M. Rauhut, K. Remes, T. Tütken, O. Wings, and U. Witzel. 2011. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biological Reviews 86:117–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindelin, J., I. Arganda-Carreras, E. Frise, V. Kaynig, M. Longair, T. Pietzsch, S. Preibisch, C. Rueden, S. Saalfeld, B. Schmid, J.-Y. Tinevez, D. J. White, V. Hartenstein, K. Eliceiri, P. Tomancak, and A. Cardona. 2012. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature Methods 9:676–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, D., E. Frey, and C. A. Meyer. 2007. Novel reconstruction of the orientation of the pectoral girdle in sauropods. The Anatomical Record 290:32–47.
   Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level phylogeny of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 210:41–83.
   Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., and H. C. E. Larsson. 2009. Cretaceous crocodyliforms from the Sahara. ZooKeys 28:1–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., and J. A. Wilson. 2005. Structure and evolution of a sauropod tooth battery; pp. 157–177 in K. A. Curry Rogers and J. A. Wilson (eds.), The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., J. A. Wilson, H. C. E. Larsson, D. B. Dutheil, and H.-D. Sues. 1995. African dinosaur discoveries [Response to comment]. Science 267:1752–1753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., J. A. Wilson, L. M. Witmer, J. A. Whitlock, A. Maga, O. Ide, and T. A. Rowe. 2007. Structural extremes in a Cretaceous dinosaur. PLoS ONE 2:e1230. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., D. B. Dutheil, M. Iarochène, H. C. E. Larsson, G. H. Lyon, P. M. Magwene, C. A. Sidor, D. J. Varricchio, and J. A. Wilson. 1996. Predatory dinosaurs from the Sahara and Late Cretaceous faunal differentiation. Science 272:986–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sereno, P. C., A. L. Beck, D. B. Dutheil, H. C. E. Larsson, G. H. Lyon, B. Moussa, R. W. Sadleir, C. A. Sidor, D. J. Varricchio, G. P. Wilson, and J. A. Wilson. 1999. Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286:1342–1347.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. B., M. C. Lamanna, K. J. Lacovara, P. Dodson, J. R. Smith, J. C. Poole, R. Giengengack, and Y. Attia. 2001. A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt. Science 292:1704–1706.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taquet, P. 1976. Géologie et paléontologie du gisement de Gadoufaoua (Aptien du Niger). Cahiers de Paléontologie 1976:1–191.
   Google Scholar
• Taquet, P. 2010. The dinosaurs of Maghreb: the history of their discovery. Historical Biology 22:88–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, M. P. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch, 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:787–806.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, M. P., and D. Naish. 2005. The phylogenetic taxonomy of Diplodocoidea (Dinosauria: Sauropoda). PaleoBios 25:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tidwell, V., K. Carpenter, and S. Meyer. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah; pp. 139–165 in D. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life: New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Phillip J. Currie. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana.
   Google Scholar
• Torcida Fernández-Baldor, F. 2012. Sistemática, filogenia y análisis paleobiogeográfico de Demandasaurus darwini (Sauropoda, Rebbachisauridae) del Barremiense superior-Aptiense de Burgos (España). Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain, 392 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Torcida Fernández-Baldor, F., J. I. Canudo, P. Huerta, D. Montero, X. Pereda Suberbiola, and L. Salgado. 2011. Demandasaurus darwini, a new rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula. Acta Palaeolontologica Polonica 56:535–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch, P. 1995. Evolutionary history of sauropod dinosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B 349:365–390.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch, P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124:43–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upchurch, P., P. M. Barrett, and P. Dodson. 2004a. Sauropoda; pp. 259–324 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Upchurch, P., Y. Tomida, and P. M. Barrett. 2004b. A new specimen of Apatosaurus ajax (Sauropoda: Diplodocidae) from the Morrison Formation. Upper Jurassic. of Wyoming USA. National Science Museum Monographs 26:1–108.
   Google Scholar
• Weishampel, D. B., P. M. Barrett, R. A. Coria, J. Le Loeuff, X. Xing, Z. Xijin, A. Sahni, E. M. P. Gomani, and C. Noto. 2004. Dinosaurian distributions; pp. 517–606 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmólska (eds.), The Dinosauria, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
   Google Scholar
• Welles, S. P. 1984. Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda). Osteology and comparisons. Palaeontographica 185:85–180.
   Google Scholar
• Whitlock, J. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of Diplodocoidea (Saurischia: Sauropoda) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161:872–915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhite, D. R. 2005. Variation in the appendicular skeleton of North American sauropod dinosaurs: taxonomic implications; pp. 268–301 in V. Tidwell and K. Carpenter (eds.), Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:639–653.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A. 2002. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136:217–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A. 2006. Anatomical nomenclature of fossil vertebrates: standardized terms or lingua franca? Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26:511–518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A. 2011. Anatomical terminology for the sacrum of sauropod dinosaurs. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 32:59–69.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A. 2012. New vertebral laminae and patterns of serial variation in vertebral laminae of sauropod dinosaurs. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 32:91–110.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A., and P. C. Sereno. 1998. Early evolution and higher-level phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 5:1–68.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, J. A., M. D. D'Emic, T. Ikejiri, E. M. Moacdieh, and J. A. Whitlock. 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 6:e17114. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadagiri, P. 2001. The osteology of Kotasaurus yamanpalliensis, a sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:242–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handling editor: Richard Butler Citation for this article: Wilson, J. A., and R. Allain. 2015. Osteology of Rebbachisaurus garasbae Lavocat, a diplodocoid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the early Late Cretaceous–aged Kem Kem beds of southeastern Morocco. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2014.1000701
   Google Scholar