716
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

The taxonomic utility of forefin morphology in Lower Jurassic ichthyosaurs: Protoichthyosaurus and Ichthyosaurus

ORCID Icon, &
Article: e1361433 | Received 16 Dec 2016, Accepted 15 Jun 2017, Published online: 09 Oct 2017

LITERATURE CITED

  • Appleby, R. M. 1979. The affinities of Liassic and later ichthyosaurs. Palaeontology 22:921–946.
  • Benson, R. B. J., M. Evans, and P. S. Druckenmiller. 2012. High diversity, low disparity and small body size in plesiosaurs (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. PLoS ONE 7:e31838. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031838.
  • Benson, R. B. J., M. Evans, and M. A. Taylor. 2015. The anatomy of Stratesaurus (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the lowermost Jurassic of Somerset, United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.933739.
  • Benton, M. J., and P. S. Spencer. 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman and Hall, London, 386 pp.
  • Blainville, H. M. D. de 1835. Description de quelques espèces de reptiles de la Californie, précédée de l'analyse d'un systéme general d'herpetologie et d'amphibiologie. Nouvelles Annales du Muséum d'Histore Naturelle 4:236–296.
  • Bonaparte, C. L. 1841. A new systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 18:247–304.
  • Buchholtz, E. A. 2001. Swimming styles in Jurassic ichthyosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:61–73.
  • Buttler, C. J., and S. R. Howe. 2002. Ichthyosaur to iffyosaur: from fact to fiction. The Geological Curator 7:305–308.
  • Buttler, C. J., and A. Stoosh nov. 2002. The conservation of a Jurassic ichthyosaur. The Conservator 26:24–31.
  • Copp, C. J. T., M. A. Taylor, and J. C. Thackray. 1996. Charles Moore (1841–1881), Somerset geologist. Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 140:1–36.
  • Delair, J. B. 1966. Unusual preservation of fibrous elements in an ichthyosaur skull. Nature 212:575–576.
  • Fischer, V. 2012. New data on the ichthyosaur Platypterygius hercynicus and its implications for the validity of the genus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57:123–134.
  • Fischer, V., R. M., Appleby, D. Naish, J. Liston, J. B. Riding, S. Brindley, and P. Godefroit. 2013. A basal thunnosaurian from Iraq reveals disparate phylogenetic origins for Cretaceous ichthyosaurs. Biology Letters 9:20130021. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0021.
  • Gallois, R. W. 2007. The stratigraphy of the Penarth Group (Late Triassic) of the east Devon coast. Geoscience in South-West England. Proceedings of the Ussher Society 11:287–297.
  • Goloboff, P. A., J. S. Farris, and K. C. Nixon. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24:774–786.
  • Johnson, R. 1979. The osteology of the pectoral complex of Stenopterygius Jaekel (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Neues Jahrbuch fűr Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 159:41–86.
  • Lingham-Soliar, T. 1999. Rare soft tissue preservation showing fibrous structures in an ichthyosaur from the Lower Lias (Jurassic) of England. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 266:2367–2373.
  • Lomax, D. R. 2010. An Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) with gastric contents from Charmouth, England: first report of the genus from the Pliensbachian. Paludicola 8:22–36.
  • Lomax, D. R. 2016. A new leptonectid ichthyosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) of Nottinghamshire, England, UK, and the taxonomic usefulness of the ichthyosaurian coracoid. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5:387–401.
  • Lomax, D. R., and B. J. A. Gibson. 2015. The first definitive occurrence of Ichthyosaurus and Temnodontosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) in Nottinghamshire, England and a review of ichthyosaur specimens from the county. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 126:554–563.
  • Lomax, D. R., and J. A. Massare. 2017. Two new species of Ichthyosaurus from the lowermost Jurassic (Hettangian) of Somerset, England. Papers in Palaeontology 3:1–20.
  • Lydekker, R. 1889. Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British Museum (Natural History), Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauropterygia. Taylor and Francis, London, 307 pp.
  • Maisch, M. W. 1997. The cranial osteology of Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare, 1822 from the Lias of Great Britain. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 258:1–26.
  • Maisch, M. W., and A. Hungerbühler. 1997. Revision of Temnodontosaurus nuertingensis (v. Huene, 1931), a large ichthyosaur from the Lower Pliensbachian (Lower Jurassic) of Nurtingen, South Western Germany. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B 248:1–11.
  • Maisch, M. W., and A. T. Matzke. 2000a. The Ichthyosauria. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 298:1–159.
  • Maisch, M. W., and A. T. Matzke. 2000b. New data on the cranial osteology of Ichthyosaurus communis Conybeare, 1822. Geologica et Palaeontologica 34:137–143.
  • Maisch, M. W., A. G. Reisdorf, R. Schlatter, and A. Wetzel. 2008. A large skull of Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Frick (NW Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101:617–627.
  • Martill, D. M. 1995. An ichthyosaur with preserved soft tissue from the Sinemurian of southern England. Palaeontology 38:897–903.
  • Martin, J. E., E. Frey, and J. Riess. 1986. Soft-tissue preservation in ichthyosaurs and a stratigraphic review of the Lower Hettangian of Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire. Transactions of the Leicestershire Literary & Philosophical Society 80:58–72.
  • Martin, J. E., V. Fischer, P. Vincent, and G. Suan. 2012. A longirostrine Temnodontosaurus (Ichthyosauria) with comments on Early Jurassic ichthyosaur niche partitioning and disparity. Palaeontology 55:995–1005.
  • Massare, J. A. 1987. Tooth morphology and prey preference of Mesozoic marine reptiles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:121–137.
  • Massare, J. A., and D. R. Lomax. 2016. Composite specimens of Ichthyosaurus in historic collections. Paludicola 10:207–240.
  • Massare, J. A., and D. R. Lomax. 2017. A taxonomic reassessment of Ichthyosaurus communis and I. intermedius and a revised diagnosis for the genus. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1291116.
  • Maxwell, E. E. 2012. Unravelling the influences of soft-tissue flipper development on skeletal variation using an extinct taxon. Journal of Experimental Zoology 318B:545–554.
  • Maxwell, E. E., and P. S. Druckenmiller. 2011. A small ichthyosaur from the Clearwater Formation (Alberta, Canada) and a discussion of the taxonomic utility of the pectoral girdle. Paläontologisches Zeitschrift 85:457–463.
  • Maxwell, E. E., M. S. Fernández, and R. R. Schoch. 2012. First diagnostic marine reptile remains from the Aalenian (Middle Jurassic): a new ichthyosaur from southwestern Germany. PLoS ONE 7:e41692. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041692.
  • McGowan, C. 1972. The distinction between latipinnate and longipinnate ichthyosaurs. Life Science Occasional Papers, Royal Ontario Museum 20:1–8.
  • McGowan, C. 1974a. A revision of the longipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England, with the description of two new species (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum 97:1–37.
  • McGowan, C. 1974b. A revision of the latipinnate ichthyosaurs of the Lower Jurassic of England (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria). Life Science Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum 100:1–30.
  • McGowan, C. 1996. A new and typically Jurassic ichthyosaur from the Upper Triassic of British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 33:24–32.
  • McGowan, C., and R. Motani. 2003. Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Ichthyopterygia. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 175 pp.
  • Motani, R. 1999a. On the evolution and homologies of ichthyopterygian forefins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:28–41.
  • Motani, R. 1999b. Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:473–496.
  • Motani, R. 2005. True skull roof configuration of Ichthyosaurus and Stenopterygius and its implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35:338–342.
  • Page, K. 2010. Stratigraphical framework; pp. 33–54 in A. R. Lord and P. G. Davis (eds.), Fossils from the Lower Lias of the Dorset Coast. The Palaeontological Association, London.
  • Sander, M. P., X. Chen, L. Cheng, and X. Wang. 2011. Short-snouted toothless ichthyosaur from China suggests Late Triassic diversification of suction feeding ichthyosaurs. PLoS ONE 6:e19480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019480.
  • Smith, A. S., and J. D. Radley. 2007. A marine reptile fauna from the Early Jurassic Saltford Shale (Blue Lias Formation) of central England. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 56:253–260.
  • Weedon, G. P., H. C. Jenkyns, and K. N. Page. 2017. Combined sea-level and climate controls on limestone formation, hiatuses and ammonite preservation in the Blue Lias Formation, South Britain (uppermost Triassic–Lower Jurassic). Geological Magazine. doi: 10.1017/S001675681600128X

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.