865
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A new dinosaur with theropod affinities from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: e1531878 | Received 24 Nov 2017, Accepted 25 Jul 2018, Published online: 14 Feb 2019

LITERATURE CITED

  • Agnolín, F. F., and S. Rozadilla. 2017. Phylogenetic reassessment of Pisanosaurus mertii Casamiquela, 1967, a basal dinosauriform from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1352623.
  • Alcober, O., and R. Martínez. 2010. A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina. ZooKeys 63:1–55.
  • Andrade, R. C. L. P., and J. M. Sayão. 2014. Paleohistology and lifestyle inferences of a dyrosaurid (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) from Paraíba Basin (Northeastern Brazil). PLoS ONE 9:e102189.
  • Andreis, R. R., G. E. Bossi, and D. K. Montardo. 1980. O Grupo Rosário do Sul (Triássico) no Rio Grande do Sul. Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia 31:659–673.
  • Apaldetti, C., D. Pol, and A. Yates. 2013. The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina and its phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology 56:277–301.
  • Baron, M. G. 2017. Pisanosaurus mertii and the Triassic ornithischian crisis: could phylogeny offer a solution? Historical Biology. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2017.1410705.
  • Baron, M. G., D. B. Norman, and P. M. Barrett. 2017. Postcranial anatomy of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179:125–168.
  • Benton, M. J., J. Forth, and M. C. Langer. 2014. Models for the rise of the dinosaurs. Current Biology 24:R87–R95.
  • Bittencourt, J. S., and A. W. A. Kellner. 2009. The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970. Zootaxa 2009:e56.
  • Bittencourt, J. S., A. B. Arcucci, C. A. Marsicano, and M. C. Langer. 2015. Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chañares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13:189–219.
  • Brusatte, S. L., M. J. Benton, M. Ruta, and G. T. Lloyd. 2008a. Superiority, competition, and opportunism in the evolutionary radiation of dinosaurs. Science 321:1485–1488.
  • Brusatte, S. L., M. J. Benton, M. Ruta, and G. T. Lloyd. 2008b. The first 50 Myr of dinosaur evolution: macroevolutionary pattern and morphological disparity. Biology Letters 4:733–736.
  • Brusatte, S. L., S. J. Nesbitt, R. B. Irmis, R. J. Butler, M. J. Benton, and M. A. Norell. 2010. The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs. Earth-Science Reviews 101:68–100.
  • Butler, R. J. 2010. The anatomy of the basal ornithischian dinosaur Eocursor parvus from the lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic) of South Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160:648–684.
  • Cabreira, S. F., C. L. Schultz, J. S. Bittencourt, M. B. Soares, D. C. Fortier, L. R. Silva, and M. C. Langer. 2011. New stem-sauropodomorph (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Triassic of Brazil. Naturwissenschaften 98:1035–1040.
  • Cabreira, S. F., A. W. A. Kellner, S. Dias-da-Silva, L. R. da Silva, M. Bronzati, J. C. A. Marsola, R. T. Müller, J. S. Bittencourt, B. J. Batista, T. Raugust, R. Carrilho, A. Brodt, and M. C. Langer. 2016. A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology 26:3090–3095.
  • Casamiquela, R. M. 1967. Un nuevo dinosaurio ornitisquio Triásico (Pisanosaurus mertii; Ornithopoda) de la Formacion Ischigualasto, Argentina. Ameghiniana 5:47–64.
  • Cherry, C. 2002. Bone histology of the primitive dinosaur, Thecodontosaurus antiquus. M.Sc. thesis, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., 68 pp.
  • Chinsamy, A. 1993. Bone histology and growth trajectory of the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus carinatus Owen. Modern Geology 18:319–219.
  • Coddington, J., and N. Scharff. 1994. Problems with zero-length branches. Cladistics 10:415–423.
  • Colbert, E. H. 1970. A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates 2405:1–60.
  • Curry, K. A. 1999. Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda): new insights on growth rates and longevity. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:654–665.
  • Da Rosa, Á. A. S. 2004. Sítios fossilíferos de Santa Maria, RS. Ciência & Natura 26:75–90.
  • Da Rosa, Á. A. S. 2005. Paleoalterações em depósitos sedimentares de planícies aluviais do Triássico Médio a Superior do sul do Brasil: caracterização, análise estratigráfica e preservação fossilífera. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade do Vale dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil, 211 pp.
  • Da Rosa, Á. A. S. 2015. Geological context of the dinosauriform-bearing outcrops from the Triassic of Southern Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 61:108–119.
  • Eltink, E., Á. A. S. Da Rosa, and S. Dias-da-Silva. 2016. A capitosauroid from the Lower Triassic of South America (Sanga do Cabral Supersequence: Paraná Basin), its phylogenetic relationships and biostratigraphic implications. Historical Biology 29:863–874.
  • Erickson, G. M. 2005. Assessing dinosaur growth patterns: a microscopic revolution. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20:677–684.
  • Erickson, G. M., and T. A. Tumanova. 2000. Growth curve of Psittacosaurus mongoliensis Osborn (Ceratopsia: Psittacosauridae) inferred from long bone histology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 130:551–566.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2010. A new early dinosaur (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic of Argentina: a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 8:371–425.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2012. Comments on the taxonomic diversity and paleobiogeography of the earliest known dinosaur assemblages (late Carnian–earliest Norian). Historia Natural, tercera serie 2:49–71.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., and C. Apaldetti. 2012. A robust sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and insights on the diversity of the Los Colorados Formation. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 123:155–164.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., and S. L. Brusatte. 2011. Taxonomic and phylogenetic reassessment of the early neotheropod dinosaur Camposaurus arizonensis from the Late Triassic of North America. Palaeontology 54:763–772.
  • Ezcurra, M. D., and F. E. Novas. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships of the Triassic theropod Zupaysaurus rougieri from NW Argentina. Historical Biology 19:35–72.
  • Fostowicz-Frelik, Ł., and T. Sulej. 2010. Bone histology of Silesaurus opolensis Dzik, 2003 from the Late Triassic of Poland. Lethaia 43:137–148.
  • Francillon-Vieillot, H. J., W. Arntzen, and J. Geraudie. 1990. Age, growth and longevity of sympatric Triturus cristatus, Triturus marmoratus and their hybrids (Amphibia, Urodela): a skeletochronological comparison. Journal of Herpetology 24:13–22.
  • Fraser, N. C., K. Padian, G. M. Walkden, and A. L. M. Davis. 2002. Basal dinosauriform remains from Britain and the diagnosis of the Dinosauria. Palaeontology 45:79–95.
  • Gatesy, S. M. 1990. Caudofemoral musculature and the evolution of theropod locomotion. Paleobiology 16:170–186.
  • Gauthier, J. A. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Science 8:1–55.
  • Goloboff, P. A., and S. A. Catalano. 2016. TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics 32:221–238.
  • Goloboff, P. A., J. S. Farris, and K. C. Nixon. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24:774–786.
  • Gordon, M., Jr. 1947. Classificação das formações gondwânicas do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Notas Preliminares e Estudos, DNPM/DGM, Rio de Janeiro 38:1–20.
  • Griffin, C. T., and S. J. Nesbitt. 2016a. The femoral ontogeny and long bone histology of the Middle Triassic (? late Anisian) dinosauriform Asilisaurus kongwe and implications for the growth of early dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1111224.
  • Griffin, C. T., and S. J. Nesbitt. 2016b. Anomalously high variation in postnatal development is ancestral for dinosaurs but lost in birds. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:14757–14762.
  • Horn, B. L. D., T. M. Melo, C. L. Schultz, R. P. Philipp, H. P. Kloss, and K. Goldberg. 2014. A new third-order sequence stratigraphic framework applied to the Triassic of the Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on structural, stratigraphic and paleontological data. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 55:123–132.
  • Horner, J. R., A. de Ricqlès, and K. Padian. 2000. Long bone histology of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum: growth dynamics and physiology based on an ontogenetic series of skeletal elements. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20:115–129.
  • Horner, J. R., K. Padian, and A. de Ricqlès. 2001. Comparative osteohistology of some embryonic and neonatal archosaurs: implications for variable life histories among dinosaurs. Paleobiology 27:39–58.
  • Huene, F. von. 1928. Ein Cynodontier aus der Trias Brasiliens. Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie B 1928:251–270.
  • Huene, F. von. 1942. Die fossilen Reptilien des Südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien, 1928/1929. C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich, 161–332.
  • Hutchinson, J. R. 2001a. The evolution of pelvic osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131:123–168.
  • Hutchinson, J. R. 2001b. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society 131:169–197.
  • Ikejiri, T. 2003. Sequence of closure of neurocentral sutures in Camarasaurus (Sauropoda) and implications for phylogeny in Reptilia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23(3, Supplement):65A.
  • Irmis, R. B. 2007. Axial skeleton ontogeny in the Parasuchia (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) and its implications for ontogenetic determination in archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27:350–361.
  • Klein, N., and P. M. Sander. 2007. Bone histology and growth of the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 from the Norian bonebeds of Trossingen (Germany) and Frick (Switzerland). Special Papers in Palaeontology 77:169–206.
  • Klein, N., P. M. Sander, K. Stein, J. Le Loeuff, J. L. Carballido, and E. Buffetaut. 2012. Modified laminar bone in Ampelosaurus atacis and other titanosaurs (Sauropoda): implications for life history and physiology. PLoS ONE 7:e36907.
  • Lamm, E.-T. 2013. Bone histology of fossil tetrapods; pp. 55–160 in K. Padian and T.-T. Lamm (eds.), Preparation and Sectioning of Specimens. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
  • Langer, M. C. 2003. The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios 23:1–40.
  • Langer, M. C. 2005a. Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. I. The type locality of Saturnalia tupiniquim and the faunal succession in south Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19:205–218.
  • Langer, M. C. 2005b. Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. II. The Ischigualastian and a Carnian global correlation. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19:219–239.
  • Langer, M. C., and M. J. Benton. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4:309–358.
  • Langer, M. C., and J. Ferigolo. 2013. The Late Triassic dinosauromorph Sacisaurus agudoensis (Caturrita Formation; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil): anatomy and affinities. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:353–392.
  • Langer, M. C., J. S. Bittencourt, and C. L. Schultz. 2010a. A reassessment of the basal dinosaur Guaibasaurus candelariensis, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of south Brazil. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101:301–332.
  • Langer, M. C., J. Ramezani, and Á. A. S. Da Rosa. 2018. U-Pb age constraints on dinosaur rise from south Brazil. Gondwana Research. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2018.01.005.
  • Langer, M. C., F. Abdala, M. Richter, and M. J. Benton. 1999. A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carman) of southern Brazil. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, Series IIA, Earth and Planetary Science 329:511–517.
  • Langer, M. C., M. D. Ezcurra, J. S. Bittencourt, and F. E. Novas. 2010b. The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs. Biological Reviews 85:55–110.
  • Langer, M.C., S. J. Nesbitt, J. S. Bittencourt, and R. B. Irmis. 2013. Non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:157–186.
  • Langer, M. C., A. M. Ribeiro, C. L. Schultz, and J. Ferigolo. 2007. The continental tetrapod-bearing Triassic of South Brazil. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41:201–218.
  • Langer, M. C., A. D. Rincón, J. Ramezani, A. Solórzano, and O. W. Rauhut. 2014. New dinosaur (Theropoda, stem-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta Formation, Venezuelan Andes. Royal Society Open Science 1:140184.
  • Marsh, O. C. 1881. Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs V. American Journal of Science 16:411–416.
  • Martill, D. M., S. U. Vidovic, C. Howells, and J. R. Nudds. 2016. The oldest Jurassic dinosaur: a basal neotheropod from the Hettangian of Great Britain. PLoS ONE 11:e0145713.
  • Martinelli, A. G., E. Eltink, Á. A. S. Da Rosa, and M. C. Langer. 2017. A new cynodont from the Santa Maria formation, south Brazil, improves Late Triassic probainognathian diversity. Papers in Palaeontology 3:401–423.
  • Martínez, R. N., and O. A. Alcober. 2009. A basal sauropodomorph (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Triassic, Carnian) and the early evolution of Sauropodomorpha. PLoS ONE 4:e4397.
  • Martínez, R. N., C. Apaldetti, G. A. Correa, and D. Abelín. 2016. A Norian Lagerpetid Dinosauromorph from the Quebrada Del Barro Formation, Northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 53:1–13.
  • Martínez, R. N., P. C. Sereno, O. A. Alcober, C. E. Colombi, P. R. Renne, I. P. Montañez, and B. S. Currie. 2011. A basal dinosaur from the dawn of the dinosaur era in southwestern Pangaea. Science 331:206–210.
  • Martínez, R. N., C. Apaldetti, O. A. Alcober, C. E. Colombi, P. E. Sereno, E. Fernandez, P. S. Malnis, G. A. Correa, and D. Abelín. 2012. Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:10–30.
  • Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352:1–292.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., and M. D. Ezcurra. 2015. The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: a new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60:513–526.
  • Nesbitt, S. J., N. D. Smith, R. B. Irmis, A. H. Turner, A. Downs, and M. A. Norell. 2009. A complete skeleton of a Late Triassic saurischian and the early evolution of dinosaurs. Science 326:1530–1533.
  • Norman, D. B., L. M. Witmer, and D. B. Weishampel. 2004. Basal ornithischian; pp. 325–334 in D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria, second edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
  • Novas, F. E. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the basal dinosaurs, the Herrerasauridae. Palaeontology 35:51–62.
  • Novas, F. E. 1994. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:400–423.
  • Novas, F. E. 1996. Dinosaur monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16:723–741.
  • Owen, R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles, part II. Report for the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Plymouth 1841:60–294.
  • Padian, K. 1988. On the type material of Coelophysis Cope (Saurischia: Theropoda) and a new specimen from the Petrified Forest of Arizona (Late Triassic: Chinle Formation); pp. 45–60 in K. Padian (ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs: Faunal Change across the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York.
  • Padian, K., and C. L. May. 1993. The earliest dinosaurs; pp. 379–382 in S. G. Lucas and M. Morales (eds.), The Nonmarine Triassic. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 3, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Peecook, B. R., J. S. Steyer, N. J. Tabor, and M. H. Smith. 2017. Updated geology and vertebrate paleontology of the Triassic Ntawere Formation of northeastern Zambia, with special emphasis on the archosauromorphs; pp. 8–17 in C. A. Sidor and S. J. Nesbitt (eds.), Vertebrate and Climatic Evolution in the Triassic Rift Basins of Tanzania and Zambia. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 17. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37:(6, Supplement).
  • Peecook, B. R., C. A. Sidor, S. J. Nesbitt, R. M. Smith, J. S. Steyer, and K. D. Angielczyk. 2013. A new silesaurid from the upper Ntawere Formation of Zambia (Middle Triassic) demonstrates the rapid diversification of Silesauridae (Avemetatarsalia, Dinosauriformes). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33:1127–1137.
  • Piechowski, R., M. Tałanda, and J. Dzik. 2014. Skeletal variation and ontogeny of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:1383–1393.
  • Pol, D., and H. Escapa. 2009. Unstable taxa in cladistic analysis: identification and the assessment of relevant characters. Cladistics 25:515–527.
  • Pol, D., A. Garrido, and I. A. Cerda. 2011. A new sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Patagonia and the origin and evolution of the sauropod type sacrum. PLoS ONE 6:e14572. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014572.
  • Pretto, F. A., C. L. Schultz, and M. C. Langer. 2015. New dinosaur remains from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil (Candelária Sequence, Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone). Alcheringa 39:264–273.
  • Rauhut, O. W. M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69:1–215.
  • Reig, O. A. 1963. La presencia de dinosaurios saurisquios en los “Estratos de Ischigualasto” (Mesotriaisico superior) de las provincias de San Juan y La Rioja (República Argentina). Ameghiniana 3:3–20.
  • Ricqlès, A. de, K. Padian, F. Knoll, and J. R. Horner. 2008. On the origin of high growth rates in archosaurs and their ancient relatives: complementary histological studies on Triassic archosauriforms and the problem of a “phylogenetic signal” in bone histology. Annales de Paléontologie 94:57–76.
  • Sander, P. M. 1999. Life history of the Tendaguru sauropods as inferred from long bone histology. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 2:103–112.
  • Sander, P. M. 2000. Long bone histology of the Tendaguru sauropods: implications for growth and biology. Paleobiology 26:466–488.
  • Sander, P. M., and N. Klein. 2005. Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur. Science 16:1800–1802.
  • Sander, P. M., and C. Tückmantel. 2003. Bone lamina thickness, bone apposition rates, and age estimates in sauropod humeri and femora. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 76:161–172.
  • Sander, P. M., N. Klein, K. Stein, and O. Wings. 2011. Sauropod bone histology and implications for sauropod biology; pp. 276–302 in N. Klein, K. Remes, C. T. Gee, and P. M. Sander (eds.), Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the Life of Giants. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana.
  • Sander, P. M., N. Klein, E. Buffetaut, G. Cuny, V. Suteethorn, and J. L. Loeuff. 2004. Adaptive radiation in sauropod dinosaurs: bone histology indicates rapid evolution of giant body size through acceleration. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 4:165–173.
  • Seeley, H. G. 1887. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43:165–171.
  • Sereno, P. C., and A. B. Arcucci. 1993. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Lagerpeton chanarensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:385–399.
  • Sereno, P. C., and A. B. Arcucci. 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:53–73.
  • Sereno, P. C., C. A. Forster, R. R. Rogers, and A. M. Monetta. 1993. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature 361:64–66.
  • Sereno, P. C., R. N. Martínez, and O. A. Alcober. 2012. Osteology of Eoraptor lunensis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:83–179.
  • Stein, K. 2010. Long bone histology of basalmost and derived Sauropodomorpha: the convergence of fibrolamellar bone and the evolution of giantism and nanism. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, 213 pp.
  • Stein, K., and E. Prondvai. 2014. Rethinking the nature of fibrolamellar bone: an integrative biological revision of sauropod plexiform bone formation. Biological Reviews 89:24–47.
  • Sues, H. D., S. J. Nesbitt, D. S. Berman, and A. C. Henrici. 2011. A late-surviving basal theropod dinosaur from the latest Triassic of North America. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278:3459–3464.
  • Tykoski, R. S. 2005. Anatomy, ontogeny, and phylogeny of coelophysoid theropods. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 553 pp.
  • Wilson, J. A. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19:639–653.
  • Wilson, J. A., D. D. Michael, T. Ikejiri, E. M. Moacdieh, and J. A. Whitlock. 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 6:e17114.
  • Zerfass, H., E. L. Lavina, C. L. Schultz, A. J. V. Garcia, U. F. Faccini, and F. Chemale. 2003. Sequence stratigraphy of continental Triassic strata of Southernmost Brazil: a contribution to Southwestern Gondwana palaeogeography and palaeoclimate. Sedimentary Geology 161:85–105.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.