Egg preservation in an Eocene stingray (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) from Italy

LITERATURE CITED

• Aschliman, N. C., K. M. Claeson, and J. D. McEachran. 2012. Phylogeny of Batoidea; pp. 57–95 in J. F. Carrier, J. A. Musick, and M. R. Heithaus (eds.), Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, second edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, M. D., C. R. Gilbert, and M. Warren. 2014. Dasyatidae: whiptail stingrays; pp. 140–159 in M. L. Warren Jr. and B. M. Burr (eds.), Freshwater Fishes of North America, Volume 1: Petromyzontidae to Catostomidae. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Capapé, C. 1993. New data on the reproductive biology of the thorny stingray, Dasyatis centroura (Pisces: Dasyatidae) from off the Tunisian coasts. Environmental Biology of Fishes 38:73–80. doi: 10.1007/BF00842905
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, M. R., J. G. Maisey, and L. Grande. 2004. Freshwater stingrays of the Green River Formation of Wyoming (Early Eocene), with the description of a new genus and species and an analysis of its phylogenetic relationships (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 284:1–136. doi: 10.1206/0003-0090(2004)284<0001:FSOTGR>2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Castro, J. I. 1993. The shark nursery of Bulls Bay, South Carolina, with a review of the shark nurseries of the southeastern coast of the United States. Environmental Biology and Fisheries 38:37–48. doi: 10.1007/BF00842902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale, J. J., N. Wallsgrove, B. N. Popp, and K. Holland. 2011. Nursery habitat use and foraging ecology of the brown stingray Dasyatis lata determined from stomach contents, bulk and amino acid stable isotopes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 433:221–236. doi: 10.3354/meps09171
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanti, F., D. Minelli, G. Larocca Conte, and T. Miyashita. 2016. An exceptionally preserved Eocene shark and the rise of modern predator-prey interactions in the coral reef food web. Zoological Letters 2:9. doi: 10.1186/s40851-016-0045-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, J., S. Voigt, J. W. Schneider, M. Buchwitz, and S. Voigt. 2011. A selachian freshwater fauna from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan and its implication for Mesozoic shark nurseries. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:937–953. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2011.601729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, M., and G. Carnevale. 2018. The Bolca Lagerstätten: shallow marine life in the Eocene. Journal of the Geological Society. doi: 10.1144/jgs2017–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamlett, W. C., and T. Koob. 1999. Female reproductive system; pp. 398–443 in W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Sharks, Skates and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Hamlett, W. C., C. G. Kormarik, M. Storrie, B. Serevy, and T. I. Walker. 2005. Chondrichthyan parity, lecithotrophy and matrotrophy; pp. 395–434 in W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Chondrichthyes. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire.
   Google Scholar
• Henningseng, A. D. 2000. Notes on reproduction in the southern stingray Dasyatis americana (Chondrichthyes: Dasyatidae), in a captive environment. Copeia 2000:826–828. doi: 10.1643/0045-8511(2000)000[0826:NORITS]2.0.CO;2
   Google Scholar
• Heupel, M. R., J. K. Carlson, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 2007. Shark nursery areas: concepts, definition, characterization and assumptions. Marine Ecology Progress Series 337:287–297. doi: 10.3354/meps337287
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kardong, K. V. 1998. Vertebrate Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution, second edition. William C. Brown/McGraw Hill, Boston, Massachusetts, 747 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Last, P. R., W. White, M. R. Carvalho, B. Séret, M. Stehmann, and G. J. P. Naylor. 2016. Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton North, Victoria, Australia, 790 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Linzey, D. 2012. Vertebrate Biology, second edition. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 608 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lovejoy, N. R. 1996. Systematics of myliobatoid elasmobranchs: with emphasis on the phylogeny and historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygonidae: Rajiformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 117:207–257. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1996.tb02189.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marramà, G., G. Carnevale, and J. Kriwet. 2018a. New observations on the anatomy and paleobiology of the Eocene requiem shark Eogaleus bolcensis (Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae) from Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy. Comptes Rendus Palevol 17:443–459. doi: 10.1016/j.crpv.2018.04.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marramà, G., G. Carnevale, G. J. P. Naylor, and J. Kriwet. 2018b. Reappraisal of the Eocene whiptail stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) of the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy. Zoologica Scripta. doi: 10.1111/zsc.12330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marramà, G., K. M. Claeson, G. Carnevale, and J. Kriwet. 2018c. Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16:1189–1219. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marramà, G., A. Engelbrecht, G. Carnevale, and J. Kriwet. 2017. Eocene sand tiger sharks (Lamniformes, Odontaspididae) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, Italy: palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography and evolutionary significance. Historical Biology. doi: 10.1080/08912963.2017.1341503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marramà, G., G. Carnevale, A. Engelbrecht, K. M. Claeson, R. Zorzin, M. Fornasiero, and J. Kriwet. 2018d. A synoptic review of the Eocene (Ypresian) cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) of the Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte, Italy. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 92:283–313. doi: 10.1007/s12542-017-0387-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martins, A. P. B., M. R. Heupel, A. Chinand, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 2018. Batoid nurseries: definition, use and importance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 595:253–267. doi: 10.3354/meps12545
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruska, K. P., E. G. Cowie, and T. C. Tricas. 1996. Periodic gonadal activity and protracted mating in elasmobranch fishes. Journal of Experimental Zoology 276:219–232. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-010X(19961015)276:3<219::AID-JEZ6>3.0.CO;2-Q
   Google Scholar
• Molin, R. 1861. De Rajidis tribus bolcanis. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Vienna, 42: 576–582 [Latin]
   Google Scholar
• Musick, J. A., and J. K. Ellis. 2005. Reproductive evolution of Chondrichthyans; pp. 45–79 in W. C. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Chondrichthyes: Sharks, Batoids, and Chimaeras, Volume 3. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Nishida, K. 1990. Phylogeny of the suborder Myliobatoidei. Hokkaido University Fisheries Memoir 37:1–108.
   Google Scholar
• Pimiento, P., D. J. Ehret, B. J. MacFadden, and G. Hubbell. 2010. Ancient nursery area for the extinct giant shark megalodon from the Miocene of Panama. PLoS ONE 5:e10552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010552.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ribeiro, L., G. Rodrigues, and G. Nunan. 2006. First record of a pregnant female of Dasyatis hypostigma, with description of the embryos. Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:219–221. doi: 10.1007/s10641-006-0007-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallan, L., and M. Coates. 2014. The long-rostrumed elasmobranch Bandringa Zangerl, 1969 and taphonomy within a Carboniferous shark nursery. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:22–33. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.782875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansonetti, M. 2016. Multidisciplinary methodological study on the origin of tissue-specific UV luminescence emission on well preserved vertebrate fossils; p. 23 in Progressive Paleontology 2016 Meeting. Abstract Booklet, 58 pp. 19–22 May 2016 Manchester (UK), The Paleontological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Spieler, R., D. Fahy, D. Sherman, J. Sulikowski, and P. Quinn. 2013. The yellow stingray, Urobatis jamaicensis (Chondrichthyes: Urotrygonidae): a synoptic review. Caribbean Journal of Science 47:67–97. doi: 10.18475/cjos.v47i1.a8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tagliafico, A., N. Rago, and S. Rangel. 2013. Biological aspects of rays Dasyatis guttata and Dasyatis americana (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) caught by the artisanal fishery in Margarita Island, Venezuela. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 48:365–373. doi: 10.4067/S0718-19572013000200015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volta, G. S. 1796. Ittiolitologia Veronese del Museo Bozziano ora annesso a quello del Conte Giovambattista Gazola e di altri gabinetti di fossili veronesi. Stamperia Giuliari, Verona, 76 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Yokota, L., and R. Lessa. 2006. A nursery area for sharks and rays in northeastern Brazil. Environmental Biology of Fishes 75:349–360. doi: 10.1007/s10641-006-0038-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, X., J. O’Connor, X. Wang, Y. Pan, Y. Wang, M. Wang, and Z. Zhou. 2017. Exceptional preservation of soft tissue in a new specimen of Eoconfuciusornis and its biological implications. National Science Review 4:441–452. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwx004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar