A new Miocene turtle from Colombia sheds light on the evolutionary history of the extant genus Mesoclemmys Gray, 1873

LITERATURE CITED

• Anderson, V. J., B. K. Horton, J. E. Saylor, A. Mora, E. Teson, D. Breecker, and R. A. Ketchman. 2016. Andean topographic growth and basement uplift in southern Colombia: implications for the evolution of the Magdalena, Orinoco, and Amazon river systems. Geosphere 12:1235–1256. doi: 10.1130/GES01294.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batsch, A. J. G. C. 1788. Versuch einer Anleitung zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien. Erster Theil. Akademische Buchhandlung, Jena.
   Google Scholar
• Bour, R. 1973. Contribution à la connaissance de Phrynops nasutus (Schweigger: 1812) et Phrynops tuberculatus (Luederwaldt: 1926). Description d’une nouvelle sous-espèce originaire du Paraguay, Phrynops tuberculatus vanderhaegei (Testudinata-Pleurodira-Chelidae). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 98:175–190.
   Google Scholar
• Cadena, E. A., and C. Jaramillo. 2015. Early to middle Miocene turtles from the northernmost tip of South America: giant testudinids, chelids, and podocnemidids from the Castilletes Formation, Colombia. Ameghiniana 52:188–203.
   Google Scholar
• Cope, E. D. 1865. Third contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:185–198.
   Google Scholar
• Cottle, J. M., A. R. C. Kylander-Clark, and J. C. Vrijmoed. 2012. U-Th/Pb geochronology of detrital zircon and monazite by Single Shot Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SS-LA-ICPMS). Chemical Geology 332–333:136–147. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottle, J. M., A. J. Burrows, A. R. C. Kylander-Clark, P. A. Freedman, and R. Cohen. 2013. Enhanced sensitivity in laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 28:1700–1706. doi: 10.1039/c3ja50216c
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Fuente, M. S., J. Sterli, and I. Maniel. 2014. Origin, Evolution and Biogeographic History of South American Turtles. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, xi + 168 pp.
   Google Scholar
• de la Fuente, M. S., I. Maniel, J. M. Jannello, J. Sterli, A. C. Garrido, R. A. Garcia, L. Salgado, J. I. Canudo, and R. Bolatti. 2017. Unusual shell anatomy and osteohistology in a new Late Cretaceous panchelid turtle from northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62:585–601.
   Google Scholar
• Fedorov, A. V., C. M. Brierley, K. T. Lawrence, Z. Liu, P. S. Dekens, and A. C. Ravelo. 2013. Patterns and mechanisms of early Pliocene warmth. Nature 496:43–49. doi: 10.1038/nature12003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, G. S., M. Bronzati, M. C. Langer, and J. Sterli. 2018. Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification patterns of side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira). Royal Society Open Science 5:171773. doi:10.1098/rsos.171773.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreira, G. S., A. F. Rincón, A. Solórzano, and M. C. Langer. 2016. Review of the fossil matamata turtles: earliest well-dated record and hypothesis on the origin of their present geographical distribution. The Science of Nature 103: 28. doi: 10.1007/s00114-016-1355-2
   Google Scholar
• Forero-Medina, G., O. V. Castaño-Mora, G. Cárdenas-Arevalo, and G. F. Medina-Rangel. 2013. Mesoclemmys dahli (Zangerl and Medem 1958)—Dahl’s toad-headed turtle, Carranchina, Tortuga Montañera. Chelonian Research Monographs 5:1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Frigola, A., M. Prange, and M. Schulz. 2018. Boundary conditions for the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT v1.0). Geoscientific Model Development 11:1607–1626. doi: 10.5194/gmd-11-1607-2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, J. E. 1856. Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part. I. Testudinata (Tortoises). British Museum, London, 79 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, J. E. 1873. Observations on Chelonias, with description of new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4:289–308. doi: 10.1080/00222937308696816
   Google Scholar
• Guerrero, J. 1997. Stratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and the Miocene uplift of the Colombian Andes; pp. 13–43 in R. F. Kay, R. H. Madden, R. L. Cifelli, and J. J. Flynn (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics, the Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
   Google Scholar
• Guillon, J. M., L. Guéry, V. Hulin, and M. Girdon 2012. A large phylogeny of turtles (Testudines) using molecular data. Contributions to Zoology 81:147–158. doi: 10.1163/18759866-08103002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holder, M. T., J. Skumaran, and P. O. Lewis. 2008. A justification for reporting the majority-rule consensus tree in Bayesian phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 57:814–821. doi: 10.1080/10635150802422308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holley, J. A., J. Sterli, and N. G. Basso. 2019. Dating the origin and diversification of Pan-Chelidae (Testudines, Pleurodira) under multiple molecular clock approaches. Contributions to Zoology. doi:10.1163/18759866-20191419.
   Google Scholar
• Hoorn, C., F. P. Wesselingh, H. ter Steege, M. A. Bermudez, A. Mora, J. Sevink, I. Sanmartin, A. Sánchez-Meseguer, C. L. Anderson, J. P. Figueiredo, C. Jaramillo, D. Riff, F. R. Negri, H. Hooghiemstra, J. Lundberg, T. Stadler, T. Sarkinen, and A. Antonelli. 2010. Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity. Science 330:927–931. doi: 10.1126/science.1194585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joyce, W. G., J. F. Parham, T. R. Lyson, R. C. M. Warnock, and P. C. J. Donoghue. 2013. A divergence dating analysis of turtles using fossil calibrations: an example of best practices. Journal of Paleontology 87:612–634. doi: 10.1666/12-149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kylander-Clark, A. R. C., B. R. Hacker, and J. M. Cottle. 2013. Laser-ablation split-stream ICP petrochronology. Chemical Geology 345:99–112. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.02.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindholm, W. A. 1929. Revidiertes Verzeichnis der Gattungen der rezenten Schildkröten nebst Notizen zur Nomenklatur einiger Arten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 81:275–295.
   Google Scholar
• Maddison, W., and D. Maddison. 2017. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Available at www.mesquiteproject.org. Accessed May 4, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Maniel, I. J., and M. S. de la Fuente. 2016. A review of the fossil record of turtles of the clade Pan-Chelidae. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 57:191–227. doi: 10.3374/014.057.0206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniel, I. J., M. S. de la Fuente, J. Sterli, J. M. Jannello, and J. M. Krause. 2018. New remains of the aquatic turtle Hydromedusa casamayorensis (Pleurodira, Chelidae) from the middle Eocene of Patagonia: taxonomic validation and phylogenetic relationships. Papers in Palaeontology 4:537–566. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCord, W. P., M. Joseph-Ouni, and W. W. Lamar. 2001. A taxonomic reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) with the description of two new genera and a new species of Batrachemys. Revista de Biología Tropical 49:715–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens, R. 1967. Bemerkenswerte Süsswasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48:71–82.
   Google Scholar
• Montes-Correa, A. C., L. P. Saboyá-Acosta, V. Páez, K. Vega, and J. M. Renjifo. 2014. Distribución de tortugas continentales del Caribe Colombiano. Acta Biológica Colombiana 19:341–350.
   Google Scholar
• Mora, A., F. Parra, M. R. Strecker, E. R. Sobel, H. Hooghiemstra, V. Torres, and C. Jaramillo. 2008. Climatic forcing of asymmetric orogenic evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Geologogical Society of America Bulletin 120:930–949. doi: 10.1130/B26186.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa, D., C. Hoorn, C. Jaramillo, G. Bayona, F. de la Parra, and M. Parra. 2012. The final phase of tropical lowland conditions in the axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: evidence from three palynological records. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 39:157–169. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2012.04.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oriozabala, C., J. Sterli, and M. S. de la Fuente. 2019. New species of the long-necked chelid Yaminuechelys from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of Chubut (Argentina). Cretaceous Research 106:104197. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira, A. G., J. Sterli, F. R. R. Moreira, and C. G. Schrago. 2017. Multilocus phylogeny and statistical biogeography clarify the evolutionary history of major lineages of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 113:59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano, P. S. R., V. Gallo, R. R. C. Renato, and L. Antonioli. 2014. Atolchelys lepida, a new side-necked turtle from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and the age of crown Pleurodira. Biology Letters 10:20140290. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0290.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhodin, A. G. J., J. B. Iverson, R. Bour, U. Fritz, A. Georges, H. B. Shaffer, and P. P. van Djik. 2017. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs 7:1–292. doi:10.3854/crm.7.checklist.atlas.v8.2017.
   Google Scholar
• Schweigger, A. F. 1812. Prodromus monographiae Cheloniorum. Königsberger Archiv für Naturwissenschaft und Mathematik 1:462.
   Google Scholar
• Smales, I. 2019. A review of neurals in Chelidae (Testudines: Pleurodira) with reference to phylogeny of the family. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 18:32–61. doi: 10.2744/CCB-1265.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson, M. D., and E. A. Franzosa. 2007. TreeRot v3. Boston University, Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Swofford, D. L. 2003. PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*And Other Methods). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
   Google Scholar
• Vlachos, E., E. Randolfe, J. Sterli, and J. M. Leardi. 2018. Changes in the diversity of turtles (Testudinata) in South America from the Late Triassic to the present. Ameghiniana 55:619–943. doi: 10.5710/AMGH.18.09.2018.3226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zangerl, R., and F. Medem. 1958. A new species of chelid turtle, Phrynops (Batrachemys) dahli, from Colombia. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 119:375–390.
   Google Scholar