289
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

An Otischalkian dinosauromorph assemblage from the Los Esteros Member (Santa Rosa Formation) of New Mexico and its implications for biochronology and lagerpetid body size

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: e1765788 | Received 09 Jul 2019, Accepted 18 Feb 2020, Published online: 07 Jul 2020

LITERATURE CITED

  • Anderson, H. T. 1936. The jaw musculature of the phytosaur, Machaeroprosopus. Journal of Morphology 59:549–587. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1050590307
  • Arcucci, A. 1986. Nuevos materiales y reinterpretacion de Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer (Thecodontia, Lagerpetonidae nov.) del Triásico Medio de la Rioja, Argentina. Ameghiniana 23:233–242.
  • Ash, S. R. 1980. Upper Triassic floral zones of North America; pp. 153–170 in D. L. Dilcher and T. N. Taylor (eds.), Biostratigraphy of Fossil Plants. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.
  • Ash, S. R. 1988. Fossil plants from the mudstone member of the Santa Rosa Formation at the principal reference section. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1804:19–25.
  • Atchley, S. C., L. C. Nordt, S. I. Dworkin, J. Ramezani, W. G. Parker, S. R. Ash, and S. A. Bowring. 2013. A linkage among Pangean tectonism, cyclic alluviation, climate change, and biologic turnover in the Late Triassic: the record from the Chinle Formation, southwestern United States. Journal of Sedimentary Research 83:1147–1161. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2013.89
  • Barrett, P. M., S. J. Nesbitt, and B. R. Peecook. 2015. A large-bodied silesaurid from the Lifua Member of the Manda beds (Middle Triassic) of Tanzania and its implications for body-size evolution in Dinosauromorpha. Gondwana Research 27:925–931. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.12.015
  • Benton, M. J. 1985. Classification and phylogeny of the diapsid reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84:97–164. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01796.x
  • Bittencourt, J. S., A. B. Arcucci, C. A. Marsicano, and M. C. Langer. 2014. Osteology of the Middle Triassic archosaur Lewisuchus admixtus Romer (Chañares Formation, Argentina), its inclusivity, and relationships amongst early dinosauromorphs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13:189–219. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2013.878758
  • Butler, R. J. 2010. The anatomy of the basal ornithischian dinosaur Eocursor parvus from the lower Elliot Formation (Late Triassic) of South Africa. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160:648–684. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00631.x
  • Butler, R. J., O. W. M. Rauhut, M. R. Stocker, and R. Bronowicz. 2014. Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus (‘Francosuchus’) angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukamifrom Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 170:155–208. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12094
  • Butler, R. J., M. R. Stocker, O. W. Rauhut, S. Lautenschlager, and R. Bronowicz. 2012. Systematic and anatomical re-evaluation of basal phytosaurs from the Late Triassic of central Europe, with implications for Late Triassic biostratigraphy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32(Programs and Abstracts):71.
  • Cabreira, S. F., A. W. A. Kellner, S. Dias-da-Silva, L. Roberto da Silva, M. Bronzati, J. C. A. Marsola, R. T. Muller, J. S. Bittencourt, B. J. Batista, T. Raugust, R. Carrilho, A. Brodt, and M. C. Langer. 2016. A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology 26:3090–3095. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.040
  • Carrano, M. T., and J. R. Hutchinson. 2002. Pelvic and hindlimb musculature of Tyrannosaurus rex (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Morphology 253:207–228. doi: 10.1002/jmor.10018
  • Cope, E. D. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia, and Aves of North America. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 40:1–252.
  • Desojo, J. B., and A. B. Heckert. 2004. New information on the braincase and mandible of Coahomasuchus (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Otischalkian (Carnian) of Texas. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte 2004:605–616.
  • Dzik, J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaur affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23:556–574. doi: 10.1671/A1097
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2006. A review of the systematic position of the dinosauriform archosaur Eucoelophysis baldwini Sullivan & Lucas, 1999 from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA. Geodiversitas 28:649–684.
  • Ezcurra, M. D. 2016. The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. PeerJ 4:e1778. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1778
  • Fara, E., and A. Hungerbühler. 2000. Paleorhinus magnoculus from the Upper Triassic of Morocco: a juvenile primitive phytosaur (Archosauria). Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Series IIA: Earth and Planetary Science 331:831–836.
  • Fraser, N. C. 2006. Dawn of the Dinosaurs: Life in the Triassic. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 328 pp.
  • Furin, S., N. Preto, M. Rigo, G. Roghi, P. Gianolla, J. L. Crowley, and S. A. Bowring. 2006. High-precision U-Pb zircon age from the Triassic of Italy: implications for the Triassic time scale and the Carnian origin of calcareous nannoplankton and dinosaurs. Geology 34:1009–1012. doi: 10.1130/G22967A.1
  • Gauthier, J. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences 8:1–55.
  • Goloboff, P. A., J. S. Farris, and K. C. Nixon. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24:774–786. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00217.x
  • Griffin, C. T., and S. J. Nesbitt. 2016. The femoral ontogeny and long bone histology of the Middle Triassic (?late Anisian) dinosauriform Asilisaurus kongwe and implications for the growth of early dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36:p.e1111224. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1111224
  • Griffin, C. T., L. S. Bano, A. H. Turner, N. D. Smith, R. B. Irmis, and S. J. Nesbitt. 2019. Integrating gross morphology and bone histology to assess skeletal maturity in early dinosauromorphs: new insights from Dromomeron (Archosauria: Dinosauromorpha). PeerJ 7:e6331. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6331
  • Heckert, A. B., and S. G. Lucas. 2015. Triassic vertebrate paleontology in New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 68:77–96.
  • Heckert, A. B., S. G. Lucas, W. R. Dickinson, and J. K. Mortensen. 2009. New ID-TIMS U-PB ages for Chinle Group strata (Upper Triassic) in New Mexico and Arizona, correlation to the Newark Supergroup, and implications for the “long Norian”. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 41:123.
  • Heckert, A. B., J. A. Spielmann, S. G. Lucas, and A. P. Hunt. 2007. Biostratigraphic utility of the Upper Triassic aetosaur Tecovasuchus (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae), an index taxon of St. Johnsian (Adamanian: late Carnian) time; pp. 51–57 in S. G. Lucas and J. A. Spielmann (eds.), The Global Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1991. The Paleorhinus biochron and the correlation of the non-marine Upper Triassic of Pangaea. Palaeontology 34:487–501.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1993. Triassic vertebrate paleontology and biochronology of New Mexico; pp. 49–60 in Lucas, S. G. and J. Zidek (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 2. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1995. Vertebrate paleontology and biochronology of the lower Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), Santa Fe County, north-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 46:243–246.
  • Hunt, A., S. Lucas, and P. Bircheff. 1993. Biochronological significance of the co-occurrence of the phytosaurs (Reptilia: Archosauria) Angistorhinus and Rutiodon in the Los Esteros Member of the Santa Rosa Formation, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, USA; pp. 203–204 in S. G. Lucas and M. Morales (eds.), The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 3. Albuquerque, New Mexico.
  • Hunt, A. P., and S. G. Lucas. 1988. Late Triassic fauna from the Los Esteros Member of the Santa Rosa Formation, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, and its biochronological implications. New Mexico Journal of Science 28:107–116.
  • Hunt, A. P., S. G. Lucas, and A. B. Heckert. 2005. Definition and correlation of the Lamyan: a new biochronological unit for the non-marine late Carnian (Late Triassic). New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 56:357–366.
  • Hutchinson, J. R. 2001. The evolution of femoral osteology and soft tissues on the line to extant birds (Neornithes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 131:169–197. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb01314.x
  • Irmis, R. B. 2005. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation in northern Arizona. Mesa Southwest Museum Bulletin 9:63–88.
  • Irmis, R. B., J. W. Martz, W. G. Parker, and S. J. Nesbitt. 2010. Re-evaluating the correlation between Late Triassic terrestrial vertebrate biostratigraphy and the GSSP-defined marine stages. Albertiana 38:40–52.
  • Irmis, R. B., R. Mundil, J. W. Martz, and W. G. Parker. 2011. High-resolution U–Pb ages from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation (New Mexico, USA) support a diachronous rise of dinosaurs. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 309:258–267. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.07.015
  • Irmis, R. B., P. Olsen, W. Parker, C. Rasmussen, R. Mundil, and J. Whiteside. 2017. Understanding Late Triassic low latitude terrestrial ecosystems: new insights from the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP); pp. PP53A–1098 in American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Abstracts, December 11–15 2017. New Orleans, Louisiana.
  • Irmis, R. B., S. J. Nesbitt, K. Padian, N. D. Smith, A. H. Turner, D. Woody, and A. Downs. 2007. A Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage from New Mexico and the rise of dinosaurs. Science 317:358–361. doi: 10.1126/science.1143325
  • Jäger, G. F. 1828. Über die fossile Reptilien, welche in Württemberg aufgefunden worden sind. J. B. Metzler, Stuttgart, 1–48 pp.
  • Jones, A. S., and R. J. Butler. 2018. A new phylogenetic analysis of Phytosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) with the application of continuous and geometric morphometric character coding. PeerJ 6:e5901. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5901
  • Kammerer, C. F., J. Fröbisch, and K. D. Angielczyk. 2013. On the validity and phylogenetic position of Eubrachiosaurus browni, a kannemeyeriiform dicynodont (Anomodontia) from Triassic North America. PLoS ONE 8:e64203. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064203
  • Kammerer, C. F., S. J. Nesbitt, and N. H. Shubin. 2012. The first silesaurid dinosauriform from the Late Triassic of Morocco. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57:277–284. doi: 10.4202/app.2011.0015
  • Kammerer, C. F., R. J. Butler, S. Bandyopadhyay, and M. R. Stocker. 2016. Relationships of the Indian phytosaur Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker, 1885. Papers in Palaeontology, 1–23. DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1022.
  • Kammerer, C. F., R. J. Butler, S. Bandyopadhyay, M. R. Stocker, and K. Angielczyk. 2016. Relationships of the Indian phytosaur Parasuchus hislopi Lydekker, 1885. Papers in Palaeontology 2:1–23. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1022
  • Kaye, F. T., K. Padian, N. C. Fraser, and H.-D. Sues. 1994. Microvertebrates from the Placerias Quarry: a window on Late Triassic vertebrate diversity in the American Southwest; pp. 171–196 in N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Langer, M. C., and J. Ferigolo. 2013. The Late Triassic dinosauromorph Sacisaurus agudoensis (Caturrita Formation; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil): anatomy and affinities. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:353–392. doi: 10.1144/SP379.16
  • Langer, M. C., S. J. Nesbitt, J. S. Bittencourt, and R. B. Irmis. 2013. Non-dinosaurian Dinosauromorpha. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:157–186.
  • Lehman, T., and S. Chatterjee. 2005. Depositional setting and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Journal of Earth System Science 114:325–351. doi: 10.1007/BF02702953
  • Lessner, E. J., W. G. Parker, A. D. Marsh, S. J. Nesbitt, R. B. Irmis, and B. D. Mueller. 2018. New insights into Late Triassic dinosauromorph-bearing assemblages from Texas using apomorphy-based identifications. Paleobios 35:1–41.
  • Long, R. A., and P. A. Murry. 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) Tetrapods from the Southwestern United States. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 4. Albuquerque, New Mexico, pp. 1–254.
  • Lucas, S. G. 1997. The Upper Triassic Chinle Group, western United States: a nonmarine standard for Late Triassic time; pp. 209–228 in J. M. Dickins (ed.), Late Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic Circum-Pacific Events and Their Global Correlation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
  • Lucas, S. G. 1998. Global Triassic tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 143:347–384. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00117-5
  • Lucas, S. G., and A. P. Hunt. 1987. Stratigraphy of the Anton Chico and Santa Rosa Formations, Triassic of east-central New Mexico. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 22:21–33.
  • Lucas, S. G., and A. P. Hunt. 1993a. Tetrapod Biochronology of the Chinle Group (Upper Triassic), Western United States. The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 3:327–330.
  • Lucas, S. G., and A. P. Hunt. 1993b. A dicynodont from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico and its biochronologic significance. The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 3:321–325.
  • Lucas, S. G., A. B. Heckert, A. P. Hunt, and D. Ulmer-Scholle. 2001. Triassic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and correlation in east-central New Mexico. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook 52:85–102.
  • Lydekker, R. 1885. The Reptilia & Amphibia of the Maleri and Denwa Groups. Palaeontologia Indica, Series 1 1:1–38.
  • Marsh, A. D. 2018. A new record of Dromomeron romeri Irmis et al., 2007 (Lagerpetidae) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona, USA. Paleobios 35:1–8.
  • Marsicano, C. A., R. B. Irmis, A. C. Mancuso, R. Mundil, and F. Chemale. 2016. The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:509–513. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1512541112
  • Martínez, R. N., C. Apaldetti, G. A. Correa, and D. Abelín. 2016. A Norian lagerpetid dinosauromorph from the Quebrada Del Barro Formation, northwestern Argentina. Ameghiniana 53:1–13. doi: 10.5710/AMGH.21.06.2015.2894
  • Martínez, R. N., C. Apaldetti, O. A. Alcober, C. E. Colombi, P. C. Sereno, E. Fernández, P. S. Malnis, G. A. Correa, and D. Abelín. 2012. Vertebrate succession in the Ischigualasto Formation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32:10–30. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.818546
  • Martz, J. W. 2008. Lithostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dockum Group (Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, West Texas. PhD dissertation, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 504 pp.
  • Martz, J. W., and W. G. Parker. 2017. Revised formulation of the Late Triassic land vertebrate “faunachrons” of western North America: recommendations for codifying nascent systems of vertebrate biochronology; pp. 39–125 in K. E. Zeigler and W. G. Parker (eds.), Terrestrial Depositional Systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Martz, J. W., B. Mueller, S. J. Nesbitt, M. R. Stocker, W. G. Parker, M. Atanassov, N. Fraser, J. Weinbaum, and J. R. Lehane. 2013. A taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Post Quarry vertebrate assemblage from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, western Texas. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:339–364. doi: 10.1017/S1755691013000376
  • Müller, R. T., M. C. Langer, and S. Dias-da-Silva. 2018. Ingroup relationships of Lagerpetidae (Avemetatarsalia: Dinosauromorpha): a further phylogenetic investigation on the understanding of dinosaur relatives. Zootaxa 4392:149–158. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.7
  • Muttoni, G., D. V. Kent, P. E. Olsen, P. D. Stefano, W. Lowrie, S. M. Bernasconi, and F. M. Hernández. 2004. Tethyan magnetostratigraphy from Pizzo Mondello (Sicily) and correlation to the Late Triassic Newark astrochronological polarity time scale. Geological Society of America Bulletin 116:1043–1058. doi: 10.1130/B25326.1
  • Nesbitt, S. J. 2011. The Early Evolution of Archosaurs: Relationships and the Origin of Major Clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352. New York, 292 pp. doi: 10.1206/352.1
  • Nesbitt, S. J., and M. D. Ezcurra. 2015. The early fossil record of dinosaurs in North America: a new neotheropod from the base of the Upper Triassic Dockum Group of Texas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60:513–526. doi: 10.4202/app.00143.2014
  • Nesbitt, S. J., and M. R. Stocker. 2008. The vertebrate assemblage of the Late Triassic Canjilon Quarry (northern New Mexico, USA), and the importance of apomorphy-based assemblage comparisons. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:1063–1072. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1063
  • Nesbitt, S. J., R. B. Irmis, and W. G. Parker. 2007. A critical re-evaluation of the Late Triassic dinosaur taxa of North America. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 5:209–243. doi: 10.1017/S1477201907002040
  • Nesbitt, S. J., R. B. Irmis, W. G. Parker, N. D. Smith, A. H. Turner, and T. Rowe. 2009. Hindlimb osteology and distribution of basal dinosauromorphs from the Late Triassic of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:498–516. doi: 10.1671/039.029.0218
  • Nesbitt, S. J., C. A. Sidor, R. B. Irmis, K. D. Angielczyk, R. M. Smith, and L. A. Tsuji. 2010. Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira. Nature 464:95–98. doi: 10.1038/nature08718
  • Nordt, L., S. Atchley, and S. Dworkin. 2015. Collapse of the Late Triassic megamonsoon in western equatorial Pangea, present-day American Southwest. Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 127, no. 11–12, 1798–1815. doi: 10.1130/B31186.1
  • Novas, F. E. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of the basal dinosaurs, the Herrerasauridae. Palaeontology 35:51–62.
  • Novas, F. E. 1994. New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Theropoda: Herrerasauridae) from the Ischigualasto Formation (Upper Triassic) of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:400–423. doi: 10.1080/02724634.1994.10011523
  • Novas, F. E. 1996. Dinosaur monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16:723–741. doi: 10.1080/02724634.1996.10011361
  • Olsen, P. E., D. V. Kent, and J. H. Whiteside. 2010. Implications of the Newark Supergroup-based astrochronology and geomagnetic polarity time scale (Newark-APTS) for the tempo and mode of the early diversification of the Dinosauria. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101:201–229. doi: 10.1017/S1755691011020032
  • Padian, K. 1994. What were the tempo and mode of evolutionary change in the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic; pp. 401–407 in N. C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (eds.), In the Shadow of the Dinosaurs: Early Mesozoic Tetrapods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
  • Parker, W. G., and J. W. Martz. 2010. The Late Triassic (Norian) Adamanian–Revueltian tetrapod faunal transition in the Chinle Formation of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101:231–260. doi: 10.1017/S1755691011020020
  • Parker, W. G., M. R. Stocker, and R. B. Irmis. 2008. A new desmatosuchine aetosaur (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic Tecovas Formation (Dockum Group) of Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28:692–701. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[692:ANDAAS]2.0.CO;2
  • Piechowski, R., M. Tałanda, and J. Dzik. 2014. Skeletal variation and ontogeny of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34:1383–1393. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2014.873045
  • Pol, D., and I. H. Escapa. 2009. Unstable taxa in cladistic analysis: identification and the assessment of relevant characters. Cladistics 25:515–527. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00258.x
  • Raath, M. A. 1990. Morphological variation in small theropods and its meaning in systematics: evidence from Syntarsus; pp. 91–105 in K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
  • Ramezani, J., D. E. Fastovsky, and S. A. Bowring. 2014. Revised chronostratigraphy of the lower Chinle Formation strata in Arizona and New Mexico (USA): high-precision U-Pb geochronological constraints on the Late Triassic evolution of dinosaurs. American Journal of Science 314:981–1008. doi: 10.2475/06.2014.01
  • Ramezani, J., G. D. Hoke, D. E. Fastovsky, S. A. Bowring, F. Therrien, S. I. Dworkin, S. C. Atchley, and L. C. Nordt. 2011. High-precision U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Late Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, USA): temporal constraints on the early evolution of dinosaurs. Geological Society of America Bulletin 123:2142–2159. doi: 10.1130/B30433.1
  • Rasmussen, C., R. Mundil, R. Irmis, C. B. Keller, D. Giesler, and G. E. Gehrels. 2017. U-Pb Geochronology of non-marine Upper Triassic strata of the Colorado Plateau (western North America): implications for stratigraphic correlation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction; pp. PP44A–04 in American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Abstracts, December 11–15 2017. New Orleans, Louisiana.
  • Rayfield, E. J., P. M. Barrett, and A. R. Milner. 2009. Utility and validity of Middle and Late Triassic ‘land vertebrate faunachrons’. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29:80–87. doi: 10.1671/039.029.0132
  • Riggs, N. R., S. R. Ash, A. P. Barth, G. E. Gehrels, and J. L. Wooden. 2003. Isotopic age of the Black Forest Bed, Petrified Forest Member, Chinle Formation, Arizona: an example of dating a continental sandstone. Geological Society of America Bulletin 115:1315–1323. doi: 10.1130/B25254.1
  • Rogers, R. R., A. B. Arcucci, F. Abdala, P. C. Sereno, C. A. Forster, and C. L. May. 2001. Paleoenvironment and taphonomy of the Chañares Formation tetrapod assemblage (Middle Triassic), northwestern Argentina: spectacular preservation in volcanogenic concretions. Palaios 16:461–481. doi: 10.1669/0883-1351(2001)016<0461:PATOTC>2.0.CO;2
  • Rowe, T. 1986. Homology and evolution of the deep dorsal thigh musculature in birds and other Reptilia. Journal of Morphology 189:327–346. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051890310
  • RStudio Team. 2018. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA. http://www.rstudio.com/.
  • Sarıgül, V. 2016. New basal dinosauromorph records from the Dockum Group of Texas, USA. Palaeontologia Electronica 19(2.21A):1–16.
  • Sereno, P. C. 1991. Basal Archosaurs: Phylogenetic Relationships and Functional Implications. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir 2. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 11(4, Supplement):1–53.
  • Sereno, P. C., and A. B. Arcucci. 1994. Dinosaurian precursors from the Middle Triassic of Argentina: Marasuchus lilloensis, gen. nov. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:53–73. doi: 10.1080/02724634.1994.10011538
  • Shubin, N. H., and H.-D. Sues. 1991. Biogeography of early Mesozoic continental tetrapods: patterns and implications. Paleobiology 17:214–230. doi: 10.1017/S0094837300010575
  • Smith, N. D., R. B. Irmis, S. J. Nesbitt, and A. H. Turner. 2018. New material of Dromomeron romeri (Archosauria, Dinosauromorpha) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of New Mexico provides insight into the evolutionary morphology of early dinosauromorphs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38(Program and Abstracts):219.
  • Stocker, M. R. 2010. A new taxon of phytosaur (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the Late Triassic (Norian) Sonsela Member (Chinle Formation) in Arizona, and a critical reevaluation of Leptosuchus Case, 1922. Palaeontology 53:997–1022. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00983.x
  • Stocker, M. R. 2013a. Conceptualizing vertebrate faunal dynamics: new perspectives from the Triassic and Eocene of Western North America. PhD dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 297 pp.
  • Stocker, M. R. 2013b. A new taxonomic arrangement for Paleorhinus scurriensis. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103:251–263. doi: 10.1017/S1755691013000340
  • Stocker, M. R., and R. J. Butler. 2013. Phytosauria. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 379:91–117. doi: 10.1144/SP379.5
  • Stocker, M. R., L. J. Zhao, S. J. Nesbitt, X. C. Wu, and C. Li. 2017. A short-snouted, Middle Triassic phytosaur and its implications for the morphological evolution and biogeography of Phytosauria. Scientific Reports 7:46028. doi: 10.1038/srep46028
  • Stocker, M. R., S. J. Nesbitt, K. E. Criswell, W. G. Parker, L. M. Witmer, T. B. Rowe, R. Ridgely, and M. A. Brown. 2016. A dome-headed stem archosaur exemplifies convergence among dinosaurs and their distant relatives. Current Biology 26:2674–2680. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.066
  • Sues, H.-D., and N. C. Fraser. 2010. Triassic Life on Land: The Great Transition. Columbia University Press, New York, 236 pp.
  • Whiteside, J. H., S. Lindström, R. B. Irmis, I. J. Glasspool, M. F. Schaller, M. Dunlavey, S. J. Nesbitt, N. D. Smith, and A. H. Turner. 2015. Extreme ecosystem instability suppressed tropical dinosaur dominance for 30 million years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112:7909–7913. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1505252112

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.