Description of a New Species of Fossil Ceratophrys (Anura: Ceratophryidae) From Versalles Cave, São Paulo, Brazil

LITERATURE CITED

• Agnolin, F. 2005. Un nuevo escuerzo (Anura, Leptodactylidae) del “Ensenadense” Pleistoceno inferior–medio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), con notas sobre la clasificación del género Ceratophrys. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 41:45–55.
   Google Scholar
• Agnolin, F. 2012. A new Calyptocephalellidae (Anura, Neobatrachia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, with comments on its systematic position. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia 48:129–178.
   Google Scholar
• Ameghino, F. 1899. Sinopsis geológico-paleontológica. En segundo censo nacional de la República Argentina. 1898. Suplemento (adiciones y correcciones), Julio de 1899. Impf. Encuadernacion “La Libertad.”
   Google Scholar
• Báez, A. M., and Z. B. Gasparini. 1977. Orígenes y evolución de los anfíbios y reptiles del Cenozoico de América del Sur. Acta Geologica Lilloana 14:150–232.
   Google Scholar
• Báez, A. M., and R. O Gómez. 2018. Dealing with homoplasy: osteology and phylogenetic relationships of the bizarre neobatrachian frog Baurubatrachus pricei from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16:279–308. doi: 10.1080/14772019.2017.1287130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcelos, L. A., and V. K. Verdade. 2019. A new Ceratophrys aurita (Ceratophryidae: Anura) fossil specimen from late Pleistocene–early Holocene of Versalles cave, Southeastern Brazil. Anais do 9° Congresso Brasileiro de Herpetologia, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Barcelos, L. A., C. M. D. Santos, and V. K. Verdade. 2018. A new fossil of Ceratophryidae, late Pleistocene–early Holocene, Brazil. Suplemento Resúmenes XIX Congreso Argentino De Herpetología, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4:17.
   Google Scholar
• Contreras, V. H., and J. C. Acosta. 1998. Presencia de un anuro (Ceratophryidae) en el Mioceno Tardío de la provincia de San Juan, Argentina: significado paleoecológico, paleoclimático y paleozoogeográfico. Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Concepción, Chile 69:83–88.
   Google Scholar
• de Almeida, F. F. M., G. Amaral, U. G. Cordani, and K. Kawashita. 1973. The Precambrian Evolution of the South American Cratonic Margin South of the Amazon River; pp. 411–446 in A. E. M. Nairn and F. G. Stehli (eds), The South Atlantic. Springer, Boston.
   Google Scholar
• Dias Neto, C. M., P. A. Blasiis, C. N. B. Barreto, I. Karmann, and E. M. Robran. 1984. Abismo “ponta de flecha” um projeto arqueológico, paleontológico e geológico no médio curso do Ribeira de Iguape, Sao Paulo.
   Google Scholar
• Duméril, A. M. C. 1805. Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l’aide de tableaux synoptiques. Allais, Paris, 344 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Evans, S. E., M. E. Jones, and D. W. Krause. 2008. A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:2951–2956. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0707599105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabrezi, M. 2006. Morphological evolution of Ceratophryinae (Anura, Neobatrachia). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 44:153–166. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00349.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faivovich, J. 1994. La distribución del género Lepidobatrachus (Budgett, 1899) (Leptodactylidae: Ceratophryinae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 43:102–115.
   Google Scholar
• Faivovich, J., L. Nicoli, B. L. Blotto, M. O. Pereyra, D. Baldo, J. S. Barrionuevo, M. Fabrezi, E. R. Wild, and C. F. Haddad. 2014. Big, bad, and beautiful: phylogenetic relationships of the horned frogs (Anura: Ceratophryidae). South American Journal of Herpetology 9:207–227. doi: 10.2994/SAJH-D-14-00032.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorov, A., R. Beichel, J. Kalpathy-Cramer, J. Finet, J. C. Fillion-Robin, S. Pujol, C. Bauer, D. Jennings, F. Fennessy, M. Sonka, J. Buatti, S. Aylward, J. V. Miller, S. Pieper, and R. Kikinisa. 2012. 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative Imaging Network. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 30:1323–1341. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2012.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, Y. J., D. C. Blackburn, D. Liang, D. M. Hillis, D. B. Wake, D. C. Cannatella, and P. Zhang. 2017. Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114:E5864–E5870. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1704632114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernicola, J. C. 2001. Una nueva especie de Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Neógeno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana 38:385–391.
   Google Scholar
• Frenguelli, J. 1921. Los terrenos de la costa atlántica en los alrededores de Miramar (prov. de Buenos Aires) y sus correlaciones. Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba 24:325–485.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, D. R. 2019. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available at research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html (10/02/2019). Accessed July 1, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Frost, D. R., T. Grant, J. Faivovich, R. H. Bain, A. Haas, C. F. B. Haddad, R. O. De Sa, A. Channing, M. Wilkinson, S. C. Donnellan, C. J. Raxworthy, J. A. Campbell, B. L. Blotto, P. Moler, R. C. Drewes, R. A. Nussbaum, J. D. Lynch, D. M. Green, and W. C. Wheeler. 2006. The Amphibian Tree of Life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297:1–291. doi: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gayer, S. M. P. 1976. Osteologia do crânio e mandíbula de Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823), (Anura, Acosmanura, Leptodactylidae, Ceratophryinae). M.Sc. thesis. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 72 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gayer, S. M. P. 1984. Osteologia do sincrânio de Ceratophrys aurita (Raddi, 1823) (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 31:113–137.
   Google Scholar
• Ghilardi, A. M., M. A. Fernandes, and M. E. Bichuette. 2011. Megafauna from the Late Pleistocene–Holocene deposits of the Upper Ribeira karst area, southeast Brazil. Quaternary International 245:369–378. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2011.04.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Günther, A. C. L. G. 1859. Sexual differences found in bones of some Recent and fossil species of frogs and fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3:1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, C. R., S. M. Lambert, and J. J. Wiens. 2017. Rapid diversification and time explain amphibian richness at different scales in the tropical Andes, Earth’s most biodiverse hotspot. The American Naturalist 190:828–843. doi: 10.1086/694319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karmann, I., and J. A. Ferrari. 2002. Carste e cavernas do Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), SP in C. Schobbenhaus, D. D. A. Campos, E. D. Queiroz, M. Winge, and M. L. C. Berbert-Born (eds.), Sítios geológicos e paleontológicos do Brasil. DNPM, CPRM, SIGEP Brasília, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Jetz, W., and R. A. Pyron. 2018. The interplay of past diversification and evolutionary isolation with present imperilment across the amphibian tree of life. Nature Ecology and Evolution 2:850–858. doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0515-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J. D. 1971. Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications 53:1–238.
   Google Scholar
• Lynch, J. D. 1982. Relationships of the frogs of the genus Ceratophrys (Leptodactylidae) and their bearing on hypotheses of Pleistocene forest refugia in South America and punctuated equilibria. Systematic Biology 31:166–179. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/31.2.166
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, L. G., and B. Patterson. 1981. Geology and geochronology of the mammal-bearing Tertiary of the valle de Santa María and río Corral Quemado, Catamarca province, Argentina. Fieldiana: Geology 9:1–80.
   Google Scholar
• Maxson, L. R., and R. Ruibal. 1988. Relationships of frogs in the leptodactylid subfamily Ceratophryinae. Journal of Herpetology 22:228–231. doi: 10.2307/1564003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercadal de Barrio, I. T., and A. Barrio. 2002. Tetraploidy in Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae), analysis of the fossil record. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 92:17–31. doi: 10.1590/S0073-47212002000300003
   Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L. 2014. Reappraisal of a ceratophryid frog from the Oligocene of Patagonia: assignation to Ceratophrys and new insight about its provenance. Ameghiniana 51:184–194. doi: 10.5710/AMGH.18.02.2014.1972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L. 2015. New fossil species of the extant genus Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene of central Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35:e981636. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2015.981636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L. 2016. A fossil ceratophryid anuran from the Late Miocene of west-central Argentina. Salamandra 52:153–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L. 2017. The presence of Lepidobatrachus (Anura, Ceratophryidae) in the Neogene of the La Pampa Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 54:700–706. doi: 10.5710/AMGH.08.06.2017.3064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L., P. Muzzopappa, and J. Faivovich. 2016. The taxonomic placement of the Miocene Patagonian frog Wawelia gerholdi (Amphibia: Anura). Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 40:153–160. doi: 10.1080/03115518.2016.1101998
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicoli, L., R. L. Tomassini, and C. I. Montalvo. 2017. The oldest record of Ceratophrys (Anura, Ceratophryidae) from the Late Miocene of central Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37:e1261360. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1261360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, A. M. 2015. Relatório de Prospecção paleontológica na caverna Versalles, bairro Caximba, Apiaí, SP (Projeto Caximba). EGRIC.
   Google Scholar
• Oliveira, A. M. 2018. Megafauna Cenozóica do continente Americano: considerações sobre ecomorfologia, paleoecologia, evolução e paleobiogeografia. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• Pardiñas, U. F. 2001. Condiciones áridas durante el Holoceno Temprano en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina): vertebrados y tafonomia. Ameghiniana 38:227–236.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Ben, C. M., G. F. Turazzini, and R. O. Gómez. 2019. A Last Glacial anuran assemblage from the inland Pampas of South America provides insights into climate and environments during Marine Isotope Stage 3. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 39:e1627365. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1627365
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perí, S. I. 1993. Ceratophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) en el Holoceno de Laguna Los Tres Reyes, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30:3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Perí, S. I. 1994. Relaciones evolutivas de las especies de la subfamilia Ceratophryinae (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Ph.D. dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 223 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Pyron, R. A., and J. J. Wiens. 2011. A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61:543–583. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raddi, G. 1823. Continuazione della descrizione dei rettili Brasiliani. Memorie della Societa Italiana delle Scienze. Modena 19:58–73.
   Google Scholar
• Reig, O. A. 1958. Notas para una actualización del conocimiento de la fauna de la Formación Chapadmalal. I. Lista faunística preliminar. Acta Geológica Lilloana 2:241–253.
   Google Scholar
• Reig, O. A., and J. M. Cei. 1963. Elucidación morfológico-estadística de las entidades del género Lepidobatrachus Budgett (Anura, Ceratophrynidae), con cosideraciones sobre la extensión del distrito chaqueño del dominio zoogeográfico subtropical. Physis XXIV 67:181–204.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, S. M., E. O. Wiley, and D. J. Meinhardt. 1997. An integrative approach to heterochrony: the distinction between interspecific and intraspecific phenomena. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 60:119–143. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1997.tb01487.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinderknecht, A. 1998. Nuevos microvertebrados fósiles para el Pleistoceno Superior del Uruguay (Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves). Comunicaciones Paleontológicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 30:133–144.
   Google Scholar
• Rovereto, C. 1914. Los estratos araucanos y sus fósiles. Anales del Museo Nacional Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 25:1–247.
   Google Scholar
• Rusconi, C. 1932. La presencia de anfibios (“Ecaudata”) y de aves fósiles en el piso ensenadense de Buenos Aires. Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina 113:145–149.
   Google Scholar
• Sabbag, A. F., M. L. Lyra, K. R. Zamudio, C. F. Haddad, R. N. Feio, F. S. Leite, J. L. Gasparini, and C. A. Brasileiro. 2018. Molecular phylogeny of Neotropical rock frogs reveals a long history of vicariant diversification in the Atlantic forest. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 122:142–156. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanferla, A., and F. L. Agnolín. 2015. Nuevos aportes al conocimiento de la herpetofauna de la Formación Cerro Azul (Mioceno superior), Provincia de La Pampa, Argentina. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 55:323–333. doi: 10.1590/0031-1049.2015.55.23
   Google Scholar
• Schindelin, J., I. Arganda-Carreras, and E. Frise. 2012. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nature Methods 9:676–682. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoessel, L., S. Bogan, G. Martínez, and F. L. Agnolin. 2008. Implicaciones paleoambientales de la presencia del género Ceratophrys (Anura, Ceratophryinae) en contextos arqueológicos de la transición Pampeano-Patagónica en el Holoceno Tardío (curso inferior del Río Colorado, Argentina). Magallania (Punta Arenas) 36:195–203. doi: 10.4067/S0718-22442008000200015
   Google Scholar
• Streicher, J. W., E. C. Miller, P. C. Guerrero, C. Correa, J. C. Ortiz, A. J. Crawford, M. R. Pie, and J. J. Wiens. 2018. Evaluating methods for phylogenomic analyses, and a new phylogeny for a major frog clade (Hyloidea) based on 2214 loci. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119:128–143. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theodorovicz, A. 2014. Geoparque Alto Vale do Ribeira: proposta. Preservação do Patrimônio Geológico. Visibilidade e Desenvolvimento Através do Geoturismo.
   Google Scholar
• Tomassini, R. L., F. Agnolin, and C. Oliva. 2011. First fossil record of the genus Lepidobatrachus Budgett, 1899 (Anura, Ceratophryidae), from the early Pliocene of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31:1005–1009. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2011.596602
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschudi, J. J. 1838. Classification der Batrachier mit Berücksichtigung der fossilen Thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien. Petitpierre, Neuchâtel, Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel, 99 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Turazzini, G. F. 2015. Registro de un nuevo taxón fosil afín a Lepidobatrachus (Anura: Ceratophryidae) en la Formación Huayquerías (Mioceno Superior), Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Libro de Resúmenes de la Reunión de Comunicaciones–Asociación Paleontológica Argentina 17.
   Google Scholar
• Urrutia, J. J., and S. D. Rosset. 2006. Primer registro de Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura, Ceratophryidae) en la Formación Arroyo Chasicó (Mioceno Tardío) de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ameghiniana, Suplemento Resumenes 43:56R.
   Google Scholar
• Vergnaud-Grazzini, C. 1968. Amphibiens pléistocènes de Bolivie. Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 7:688–695. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-X.5.688
   Google Scholar
• Vieira, K. S., A. P. Z. Silva, and C. Arzabe. 2006. Cranial morphology and karyotypic analysis of Ceratophrys joazeirensis (Anura: Ceratophryidae, Ceratophrynae): taxonomic considerations. Zootaxa 1320:57–68. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.1320.1.6
   Google Scholar
• Vieira, K. S., P. F. G. Montenegro, G. G. Santana, and W. L. da Silva Vieira. 2018. Effect of climate change on distribution of species of common horned frogs in South America. PLoS One 13:9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wied-Neuwied, M. Z. 1824. Verzeichnis der Amphibien welche in zweiten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens von Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschreiben Werden. Isis von Oken 14:661–673.
   Google Scholar
• Wild, E. 1997a. Description of the adult skeleton and developmental osteology of the hyperossified horned frog, Ceratophrys cornuta (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Journal of Morphology 232:169–206. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199705)232:2<169::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild, E. 1997b. The ontogeny and phylogeny of ceratophryine frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
   Google Scholar