Inference-driven attention in symbolic and perceptual tasks: Biases toward expected and unexpected inputs

References

• Anderson JR Lebiere C (1998) The atomic components of thought Mahwah NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Bacon , WF and Egeth , HE . (1994) . Overriding stimulus-driven attentional capture . Perception & Psychophysics , 55 : 485 – 496 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Hillel , M and Wagenaar , WA . (1991) . The perception of randomness . Advances in Applied Mathematics , 12 : 428 – 454 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett , PJ and Pratt , J . (2001) . The spatial distribution of inhibition of return . Psychological Science , 12 : 76 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry D (Ed.). (1997) How implicit is implicit learning? Debates in psychology New York Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Biederman , I , Mezzanotte , RJ and Rabinowitz , J . (1982) . Scene perception: Detecting and judging objects undergoing relational violations . Cognitive Psychology , 14 : 143 – 177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braine MD O'Brien DP (Eds.). (1998) Mental logic Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , LJ . (1967) . Illusory correlation in observational report . Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 6 : 151 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Cherubini , P , Castelvecchio , E and Cherubini , AM . (2005) . Generation of hypotheses in Wason's 2–4–6 task: An information theory approach . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 58A : 309 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collie , A , Maruff , P , Yucel , M , Danckert , J and Currie , J . (2000) . Spatiotemporal distribution of facilitation and inhibition of return arising from the reflexive orienting of covert attention . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 26 : 1733 – 1745 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene , S . (1992) . Varieties of numerical abilities . Cognition , 44 : 1 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener , D and Thompson , WB . (1985) . Recognizing randomness . American Journal of Psychology , 98 : 433 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elio , R and Pelletier , FJ . (1997) . Belief change as propositional update . Cognitive Science , 21 : 419 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enns , JT , Austen , EL , Di Lollo , V , Rauschenberger , R and Yantis , S . (2001) . New objects dominate luminance transients in setting attentional priority . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 27 : 1287 – 1302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk , R and Konold , C . (1997) . Making sense of randomness: Implicit encoding as a basis for judgment . Psychological Review , 104 : 301 – 318 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiedler , K . (2000) . Beware of samples! A cognitive-ecological sampling theory of judgement biases . Psychological Review , 107 : 659 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folk , CL , Remington , RW and Johnston , JC . (1992) . Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 18 : 1030 – 1044 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyd , JJ . (1987) . Dynamic mental representations . Psychological Review , 94 : 427 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyd JJ (1992) Dynamic representations guiding adaptive behavior In F. Macar, V. Pouthas, & W. J. Friedman (Eds.), Time, action and cognition: Towards bridging the gap (pp. 309–323) Dordrecht The Netherlands Kluwer
   Google Scholar
• Freyd JJ (1993) Five hunches about perceptual processes and dynamic representations In D. Meyer & S. Kornblum (Eds.), Attention and performance XIV: Synergies in experimental psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive neuroscience (pp. 99–119) Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Freyd , JJ and Finke , RA . (1984) . Representational momentum . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 10 : 126 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freyd , JJ and Finke , RA . (1985) . A velocity effect for representational momentum . Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society , 23 : 443 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Gallistel , CR and Gelman , R . (2000) . Nonverbal numerical cognition: From reals to integers . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 4 : 59 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton , DL , Dugan , P and Trolier , TK . (1985) . The formation of stereotypic beliefs: Further evidence for distinctiveness-based illusory correlation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 5 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton , DL and Gifford , RK . (1976) . Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 12 : 392 – 407 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawley , KJ , Johnston , WA and Farnham , JM . (1994) . Novel popout with nonsense strings: Effects of predictability of string length and spatial location . Perception & Psychophysics , 55 : 261 – 268 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helmholtz Hvon (1867) Optique physiologique Paris Victor Masson et fils (Translated from Handbuch der physiologische Optik, 1856–1867)
   Google Scholar
• Hillstrom , AP and Yantis , S . (1994) . Visual motion and attentional capture . Perception & Psychophysics , 55 : 399 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland JH Holyoak KJ Nisbett RE Thagard PR (1986) Induction: Processes of inference, learning, and discovery Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Holyoak , KJ and Spellman , BA . (1993) . Thinking . Annual Review of Psychology , 44 : 265 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , TL . (1995) . Environmental invariants in the representation of motion: Implied dynamics and representational momentum, gravity, friction, and centripetal force . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 2 : 322 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , TL and Bharucha , JJ . (1988) . Judged displacement in apparent vertical and horizontal motion . Perception & Psychophysics , 44 : 211 – 221 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , TL , Blessum , JA and Ruppel , SE . (2001) . Representational momentum and Michotte's “Launching Effect” Paradigm . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 27 : 294 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbard , TL and Ruppel , SE . (1999) . Representational momentum and the landmark attraction effect . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 53 : 242 – 255 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacoby , LL and Dallas , M . (1981) . On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 110 : 306 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird , PN . (2001) . Mental models and deduction . Trends in Cognitive Science , 5 : 434 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird PN Byrne RM (1991) Deduction Hove UK Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , WA and Hawley , KJ . (1994) . Perceptual inhibition of expected inputs: The key that opens closed minds . Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , 1 : 56 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , WA , Hawley , KJ and Farnham , JM . (1993) . Novel popout: Empirical boundaries and tentative theory . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 19 : 140 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , WA , Hawley , KJ , Plewe , SH , Elliott , JMG and DeWitt , MJ . (1990) . Attention capture by novel stimuli . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 119 : 397 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , WA and Schwarting , IS . (1996) . Reassessing the evidence for novel popout . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 125 : 208 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , WA and Schwarting , IS . (1997) . Novel popout: An enigma for conventional theories of attention . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance , 23 : 622 – 631 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston WA Schwarting IS Hawley KJ (1996) Novel popout, perceptual inhibition, and the stability/plasticity dilemma In A. F. Kramer, M. G. H. Coles, & G. D. Logan (Eds.), Converging operations in the study of visual selective attention (pp. 315–335) Washington, DC American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Joseph , JS and Optican , LM . (1996) . Involuntary attentional shifts due to orientation differences . Perception & Psychophysics , 58 : 651 – 665 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , DL and Sawilowsky , SS . (1997) . Non parametric alternatives to the F statistic in analysis of variance . The Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation , 58 : 343 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Kerzel , D , Jordan , JS and Muesseler , J . (2001) . The role of perception in the mislocalization of the final position of a moving target . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 27 : 829 – 840 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klayman , J and Ha , YW . (1987) . Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing . Psychological Review , 94 : 211 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , R . (1988) . Inhibitory tagging system facilitates visual search . Nature , 334 : 430 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein , R and MacInnes , WJ . (1999) . Inhibition of return is a foraging facilitator in visual search . Psychological Science , 10 : 346 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauff , M , Fangmeier , T , Ruff , CC and Johnson-Laird , PN . (2003) . Reasoning, models, and images: Behavioral measures and cortical activity . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 4 : 559 – 573 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marr D (1982) Vision New York Freeman and Co.
   Google Scholar
• McAuliffe , J and Pratt , J . (2005) . The role of temporal and spatial factors in covert orienting of visual attention tasks . Psychological Research , 69 : 285 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie , CRM . (1994) . The accuracy of intuitive judgment strategies: Covariation assessment and Bayesian inference . Cognitive Psychology , 26 : 209 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta , CR , Patel , NR and Senchaudhuri , P . (2000) . Efficient Monte Carlo methods for conditional logistic regression . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 95 : 99 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moyer , R and Landauer , T . (1967) . Time required for judgments of numerical inequality . Nature , 215 : 1519 – 1520 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neisser U (1976) Cognition and reality San Francisco Freeman
   Google Scholar
• Newell A (1990) Unified theories of cognition Cambridge MA Harvard University Press
   Google Scholar
• Nisbett RE (1993) Rules for reasoning Hillsdale NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Oaksford , MR and Chater , N . (1994) . Another look at eliminative and enumerative behaviour in a conceptual task . European Journal of Cognitive Psychology , 6 : 149 – 169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pashler , H . (1988) . Familiarity and visual change detection . Perception & Psychophysics , 44 : 369 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pena , M , Bonatti , L , Nespor , M and Mehler , J . (2002) . Signal driving computation in speech processing . Science , 298 : 604 – 607 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner , MI . (1980) . Orienting of attention . The VIIth Sir Frederic Bartlett Lecture, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 32 : 3 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Posner MI Cohen Y (1984) Components of visual orienting In H. Bouma & D. G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance X (pp. 531–536) Hove UK Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Posner , MI and Petersen , SE . (1990) . The attention system of the human brain . Annual Review of Neurosciences , 13 : 25 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner , MI , Rafal , RD , Choate , LS and Vaughan , J . (1985) . Inhibition of return: Neural basis and function . Cognitive Neuropsychology , 2 : 211 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner , MI , Snyder , RRC and Davidson , BJ . (1980) . Attention and the detection of signals . Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 109 : 160 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt , J and McAuliffe , J . (2002) . Inhibition of return in visual marking? The importance of the interstimulus interval and the type of search task . Visual Cognition , 9 : 869 – 888 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt , J , O'Donnell , C and Morgan , A . (2000) . The role of fixation location in inhibition of return . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 54 : 186 – 195 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pratt , J , Spalek , TM and Bradshaw , F . (1999) . The time to detect targets at inhibited and noninhibited locations: Preliminary evidence for attentional momentum . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 25 : 730 – 746 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauschenberger , R and Yantis , S . (2001) . Attentional capture by globally defined objects . Perception & Psychophysics , 63 : 1250 – 1261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remington , RW , Johnston , JC and Yantis , S . (1992) . Involuntary attentional capture by abrupt onsets . Perception & Psychophysics , 51 : 279 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rips LJ (1994) The psychology of proof Cambridge MA MIT Press
   Google Scholar
• Rips , LJ . (2001) . Two kinds of reasoning . Psychological Science , 12 : 129 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawilowsky , SS . (1990) . Nonparametric tests of interaction in experimental design . Review of Educational Research , 60 : 911 – 926 .
   Google Scholar
• Seger , CA . (1994) . Implicit learning . Psychological Bulletin , 115 : 163 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wason , PC . (1960) . On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 12 : 129 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen , J , Gallistel , CR and Gelman , R . (1999) . Nonverbal counting in humans: The psychophysics of number representation . Psychological Science , 10 : 130 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe , JM . (2003) . Moving towards solutions to some enduring controversies in visual search . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 7 : 70 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yantis S (1996) Attentional capture in vision In A. F. Kramer, M. G. H. Coles, & G. D. Logan (Eds.), Converging operations in the study of visual selective attention (pp. 45–76) Washington, DC American Psychological Association
   Google Scholar
• Yantis , S and Egeth , HE . (1999) . On the distinction between visual salience and stimulus-driven attentional capture . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 25 : 661 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yantis , S and Gibson , BS . (1994) . Object continuity in apparent motion and attention . Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology , 48 : 182 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yantis , S and Hillstrom , AP . (1994) . Stimulus-driven attentional capture: Evidence from visual search . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 20 : 95 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yantis , S and Jonides , J . (1990) . Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Voluntary versus automatic allocation . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 : 121 – 134 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yantis , S and Jonides , J . (1996) . Attentional capture by abrupt visual onsets: New perceptual objects or visual masking? . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 22 : 1505 – 1513 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorzi , M , Priftis , K and Umiltà , C . (2002) . Neglect disrupts the mental number line . Nature , 417 : 138 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar