A review of moisture migration in bulk material

References

• Ahrens, S., F. Falk, R. Groszbach, and D. Langbein. 1994. Experiments on oscillations of small liquid bridges. Microgravity, Science and Technology 7 (1):2–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ata, A.,. Y. I. Rabinovich, and R. K. Singh. 2002. Role of surface roughness in capillary adhesion. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 16 (4):337–46. doi: 10.1163/156856102760067145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avila‐Acevedo, J. G., and E. Tsotsas. 2010. Moisture migration in stored granular materials. Paper presented at Porous Media and Its Applications in Science, Engineering, and Industry: 3rd International Conference, Tuscany, Italy, June 20–24.
   Google Scholar
• Bear, J. 1972. Dynamics of fluids in porous media. New York, NY: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Bear, J. 1979. Hydraulics of groundwater, ground water motion. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Bear, J. 2000. Available from http://www.interpore.org/ref-mat_pub/mgfc-course/mgfcdarcy.html.
   Google Scholar
• Bhairy, S. R., B. M. Habade, K. G. Shivram, R. G. Vidula, K. G. Yogita, and K. K. Sagar. 2015. Pellets and pelletization as multiparticulate drug delivery systems (mpdds): A conventional and novel approach. International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 5 (4).
   Google Scholar
• Bika, D., G. I. Tardos, S. Panmai, L. Farber, and J. Michaels. 2005. Strength and morphology of solid bridges in dry granules of pharmaceutical powders. Powder Technology 150 (2):104–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronlund, J. E., and P. Tony. 2008. Mathematical modelling of temperature induced moisture migration in bulk powders. Chemical Engineering Science 63 (9):2330–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2007.12.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronlund, J. E., A. Tony, and H. J. Paterson. n.d. A model to predict moisture migration in bulk powders subjected to temperature gradients.
   Google Scholar
• Butt, H. J. 2008. Capillary forces: Influence of roughness and heterogeneity. Langmuir 24 (9):4715–21. doi: 10.1021/la703640f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butt, H. J., and M. Kappl. 2009. Normal capillary forces. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 146 (1–2):48–60. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2008.10.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capes, C. E. 1980. Handbook of powder technology. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.
   Google Scholar
• Carman, P. C. 1937. Fluid flow through granular beds. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers 75: S32–S48. no
   Google Scholar
• Ceaglske, N. H., and O. A. Hougen. 1937. Drying granular solids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 29 (7):805–13. doi: 10.1021/ie50331a017.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, F. 2009. Coupled flow discrete element method application in granular porous media using open source codes. Doctoral Dissertations, University of Tennessee.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W., J. Chen, K. Williams, and C. Wheeler. 2017. Investigation into the ship motion induced moisture migration during seaborne coal transport. Advanced Powder Technology 28 (11):3004–13. doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.09.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T.-Y., and J. Tsamopoulos. 1993. Nonlinear dynamics of capillary bridges: theory. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 255(1):373–409. doi: 10.1017/S0022112093002526.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, R. G., and H. R. Wang. 2006. Measurement and numerical simulation of moisture transport within potash beds as a prelude to moisture migration caking. Advanced Powder Technology 17 (1):29–47. doi: 10.1163/156855206775123511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J., K. C. Williams, W. Chen, and T. Y. Donohue. 2016. Experimental research on the moisture migration characteristics of coal material: 36th International Academic Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovations, Tokyo, Japan, March 28.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, M. Q., X. X. Xu, L. Jia, P. C. Jia, and F. Yang. 2013. Analysis of moisture migration of typical msw matrices at medium temperature. Chemical Engineering Communications 200 (5):628–37. doi: 10.1080/00986445.2012.717312.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, y., y Zhao, h Gao, and J Zheng. 2010. Liquid bridge force between two unequal-sized spheres. Paper presented at 7th annual conference of Chinese society of paricuology cum symposium on particle technology across Taiwan straits, Xi'an, China, August 16.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Y. Zhao, H. Gao, and J. Zheng. 2011. Liquid bridge force between two unequal-sized spheres or a sphere and a plane. Particuology 9 (4):374–80. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2010.11.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleaver, J. A. S., G. Karatzas, S. Louis, and I. Hayati. 2004. Moisture-induced caking of boric acid powder. Powder Technology 146 (1–2):93–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colbeck, S. C. 1997. Capillary bonding of wet surfaces - the effects of contact angle and surface roughness. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 11 (3):359–71. doi: 10.1163/156856197X00750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, R. E. 1961. Flow of fluids: through porous materials. USA: Reinhold Publishing Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Crank, J. 1956. The mathematics of diffusion. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dong, K. J., S. B. Kuang, A. Vince, T. Hughes, and A. B. Yu. 2010. Numerical simulation of the in-line pressure jig unit in coal preparation. Minerals Engineering 23 (4):301–12. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2009.10.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fair, G. M., L. P. Hatch, and H. E. Hudson. 1933. Fundamental factors governing the streamline flow of water through sand [with discussion]. Journal (American Water Works Association) 25 (11):1551–65.
   Google Scholar
• Farber, L., G. I. Tardos, and J. N. Michaels. 2003. Evolution and structure of drying material bridges of pharmaceutical excipients: Studies on a microscope slide. Chemical Engineering Science 58 (19):4515–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrera, C., M. G. Cabezas, and J. M. Montanero. 2006. An experimental analysis of the linear vibration of axisymmetric liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids 18 (8):082105. doi: 10.1063/1.2337668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrera, C., and J. M. Montanero. 2007. Experimental study of small-amplitude lateral vibrations of an axisymmetric liquid bridge. Physics of Fluids 19 (11):118103. doi: 10.1063/1.2804282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries, L., S. Antonyuk, S. Heinrich, and S. Palzer. 2011. DEM–CFD modeling of a fluidized bed spray granulator. Chemical Engineering Science 66 (11):2340–55. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García, F. J., and A. Castellanos. 1996. One‐dimensional models for slender axisymmetric viscous liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids (1994–Present) 8(11):2837–46. doi: 10.1063/1.869087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gastón, A., R. Abalone, R. E. Bartosik, and J. C. Rodríguez. 2009. Mathematical modelling of heat and moisture transfer of wheat stored in plastic bags (silobags). Biosystems Engineering 104 (1):72–85. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladkyy, A., and R. R. Schwarze. 2014. Comparison of different capillary bridge models for application in the discrete element method. Granular Matter 16 (6):911–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, V., G. R. Ziegler, and R. C. Anantheswaran. 2005. Moisture migration through chocolate-flavored confectionery coatings. Journal of Food Engineering 66 (2):177–86. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.03.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagen–Poiseuille equation. Available from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen%E2%80%93Poiseuille_equation (accessed August 1, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Higuera, M., and J. A. Nicolás. 1997. Linear nonaxisymmetric oscillations of nearly inviscid liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids (1994-Present) 9 (2):276–85. doi: 10.1063/1.869148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Israelachvili, J. N. 2011. Intermolecular and surface forces. 3rd ed. USA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iveson, S. M., N. W. Page, and J. D. Litster. 2003. The importance of wet-powder dynamic mechanical properties in understanding granulation. Powder Technology 130 (1–3):97–101. doi: 10.1016/s0032-5910(02)00233-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jajcevic, D., E. Siegmann, C. Radeke, and J. G. Khinast. 2013. Large-scale CFD–DEM simulations of fluidized granular systems. Chemical Engineering Science 98: 298–310. doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.05.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jame, Y. W., and D. I. Norum. 1976. Heat and mass transfer in freezing unsatumted soil in a closed system. Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Soil Water Problems in Cold Regions, Edmonton, Alta.
   Google Scholar
• Jian, F., D. S. Jayas, and N. D. G. White. 2009. Temperature fluctuations and moisture migration in wheat stored for 15 months in a metal silo in Canada. Journal of Stored Products Research 45 (2):82–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jspr.2008.09.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khankari, K. K., R. V. Morey, and S. V. Patankar. 1994. Mathematical model for moisture diffusion in stored grain due to temperature gradients. Transactions of the ASAE 37 (5):1591–604.
   Google Scholar
• Kidambi, R. 2011. Frequency and damping of non-axisymmetric surface oscillations of a viscous cylindrical liquid bridge. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 681:597–621. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2011.225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korolev, V. A., and E. A. Fedyaeva. 2014. Effect of phase composition on the parameters of non-isothermal moisture transfer in unsaturated sandy soils. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 20 (1):95–102. doi: 10.3846/13923730.2013.843584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreba, S. A., and C. P. Maulé. 2010. Estimating vertical soil water fluxes with tracers and time domain reflectometry (TDR) in a sand column under controlled laboratory conditions. Canadian Biosystems Engineering 52: 1.9–1.17.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnaiah, S., and D. N. Singh. 2003. A methodology to determine soil moisture movement due to thermal gradients. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 27 (6):715–21. doi: 10.1016/S0894-1777(02)00306-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristensen, H. G., and T. Schaefer. 1987. Granulation: A review on pharmaceutical wet-Granulation. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 13 (4–5):803–72. doi: 10.3109/03639048709105217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, Y., W. Pei, M. Zhang, and J. Zhou. 2014. Study on theory model of hydro-thermal–mechanical interaction process in saturated freezing silty soil. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 78: 805–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.07.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajos, B. 2008. Soil science. Available from http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop425/0032_talajtan/ch07s02.html.
   Google Scholar
• Leaper, M. C., D. C. Prime, P. M. Taylor, and V. Leach. 2012. Solid bridge formation between spray-dried sodium carbonate particles. Drying Technology 30 (9):1008–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechman, J., and N. Lu. 2008. Capillary force and water retention between two uneven-sized particles. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 134 (5):374–84. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:5(374).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lian, G., C. Thornton, and M. J. Adams. 1993. A theoretical study of the liquid bridge forces between two rigid spherical bodies. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 161 (1):138–47. doi: 10.1006/jcis.1993.1452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., C. Bu, and X. Chen. 2013. Development and test of CFD–DEM model for complex geometry: a coupling algorithm for fluent and DEM. Computers & Chemical Engineering 58: 260–68. doi: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2013.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, B. C., W. Liu, and S. W. Peng. 2005. Study of heat and moisture transfer in soil with a dry surface layer. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48 (21–22):4579–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.06.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, W. E. I., S. W. Peng, and K. Mizukami. 1997. Moisture evaporation and migration in thin porous packed bed influenced by ambient and operating conditions. International Journal of Energy Research 21 (1): 41–53. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(199701)21:1 < 41::AID-ER246 > 3.0.CO;2-Z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mageea, T. R. A., G. Neilla, and A. H. Al-Muhtaseb. Moisture sorption characteristics of heat treated flour, culinary flour and high ratio cake. Available from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/91c8/43dd6a55153b31e5ca29b0cf7ea054652c3d.pdf (accessed August 1, 2018).
   Google Scholar
• Mason, G., and W. C. Clark. 1965. Liquid bridges between spheres. Chemical Engineering Science 20 (10):859–66. doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(65)80082-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megias-Alguacil, D., and L. J. Gauckler. 2009. Capillary forces between two solid spheres linked by a concave liquid bridge: Regions of existence and forces mapping. AIChE Journal 55 (5):1103–09. doi: 10.1002/aic.11726.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megias-Alguacil, D., and L. J. Gauckler. 2010. Analysis of the capillary forces between two small solid spheres binded by a convex liquid bridge. Powder Technology 198 (2):211–18 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrer, H. 2007. Diffusion in solids: fundamentals, methods, materials, diffusion-controlled processes. Germany: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Mikami, T. 1998. Agglomerating fluidization of liquid/solid bridging particles and its control. Doctor Thesis, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 62.
   Google Scholar
• Mollot, D. J., J. Tsamopoulos, T.-Y. Chen, and N. Ashgriz. 1993. Nonlinear dynamics of capillary bridges: experiments. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 255(1):411–35. doi: 10.1017/S0022112093002538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanero, J. M., and F. J. Acero. 2005. A note on the use of one-dimensional models to describe the linear dynamics of liquid bridges. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 24 (3):288–95. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2004.10.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montanero, J. M., and C. Ferrera. 2008. A simple model to describe the lateral oscillations of axisymmetric liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids 20 (2):022103. doi: 10.1063/1.2840666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murase, K., T. Mochida, Y. Sagawa, and H. Sugama. 2008. Estimation on the strength of a liquid bridge adhered to three spheres. Advanced Powder Technology 19 (4):349–67. doi: 10.1163/156855208x314949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murase, K., T. Mochida, and H. Sugama. 2004. Experimental and numerical studies on liquid bridge formed among three spheres. Granular Matter 6 (2–3):111–19. doi: 10.1007/s10035-004-0168-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazemi, A. H., and A. Majnooni-Heris. 2012. A mathematical model for the interactions between non-identical rough spheres, liquid bridge and liquid vapor. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 369 (1):402–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolás, J. A. 1991. Frequency response of axisymmetric liquid bridges to an oscillatory microgravity field. Microgravity Science and Technology 4:188–90.
   Google Scholar
• Nicolás, J. A., and J. M. Vega. 2000. Linear oscillations of axisymmetric viscous liquid bridges. Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Mathematik Und Physik ZAMP 51 (5):701–31. doi: 10.1007/PL00001516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noorishad, J., C. F. Tsang, and P. A. Witherspoon. 1984. Coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical phenomena in saturated fractured porous rocks: Numerical approach. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 89 (B12):10365. doi: 10.1029/JB089iB12p10365.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutting, P. G. 1930. Physical analysis of oil sands. AAPG Bulletin 14: 1337–49.
   Google Scholar
• Padday, J. F., G. Pétré, C. G. Rusu, J. Gamero, and G. Wozniak. 1997. The shape, stability and breakage of pendant liquid bridges. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 352: 177–204. doi: 10.1017/S0022112097007234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmadisastra, Y., R. A. Kennedy, and P. J. Stewart. 1994. Solid bridge formation in sulphonamide-Emdex Interactive systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 112 (1):55–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palzer, S. 2011. Agglomeration of pharmaceutical, detergent, chemical and food powders—similarities and differences of materials and processes. Powder Technology 206 (1–2):2–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, A, T. Laurila, V. Vuorinen and S. V. Divinski. 2014. Fick’s Laws of Diffusion. In Thermodynamics, diffusion and the kirkendall effect in solids. 115?39. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pepin, X., D. Rossetti, and S. J. Simons. 2000. Modeling pendular liquid bridges with a reducing solid-liquid Interface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 232 (2):298–302. doi: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perales, J. M., and J. Meseguer. 1992. Theoretical and experimental study of the vibration of axisymmetric viscous liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics (1989–1993) 4 (6):1110–30. doi: 10.1063/1.858230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perales, J. M., and J. M. Vega. 2010. One-dimensional dynamics of nearly unstable axisymmetric liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids 22 (11):112114. doi: 10.1063/1.3516640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitois, O., P. Moucheront, and X. Chateau. 2000. Liquid bridge between two moving spheres: an experimental study of viscosity effects. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 231 (1):26–31. doi: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitois, O., P. Moucheront, and X. Chateau. 2001. Rupture energy of a pendular liquid bridge. The European Physical Journal B 23 (1):79–86. doi: 10.1007/s100510170084.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinovich, Y. I., M. S. Esayanur, and B. M. Moudgil. 2005. Capillary forces between two spheres with a fixed volume liquid bridge: Theory and experiment. Langmuir 21 (24):10992–97 doi: 10.1021/la0517639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, L. A. 2004. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums. Journal of Applied Physics 1 (5):318–33.
   Google Scholar
• Risbo, J. 2003. The dynamics of moisture migration in packaged multi-component food systems II: analytical solutions and comparison to experimental moisture transfer rate results. Journal of Food Engineering 58 (3):247–52. doi: 10.1016/s0260-8774(02)00374-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca, E., V. Guillard, S. Guilbert, and N. Gontard. 2006. Moisture migration in a cereal composite food at high water activity: Effects of initial porosity and fat content. Journal of Cereal Science 43 (2):144–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2005.08.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rooij, G. 2016. Subsurface flow of water in soils and geological formations. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. doi: 10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.3.
   Google Scholar
• Rossetti, D., X. Pepin, and S. J. R. Simons. 2003. Rupture energy and wetting behavior of pendular liquid bridges in relation to the spherical agglomeration process. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 261 (1):161–69 doi: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00043-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossetti, D., and S. J. R. Simons. 2003. A microscale investigation of liquid bridges in the spherical agglomeration process. Powder Technology 130 (1–3):49–55. doi: 10.1016/s0032-5910(02)00225-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roudaut, G., and F. Debeaufort. 2010. 6 - Moisture loss, gain and migration in foods and its impact on food quality. In Chemical deterioration and physical instability of food and beverages, ed. L. H. Skibsted, J. Risbo and M. L. Andersen, 143–85. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Salikov, V., S. Antonyuk, S. Heinrich, V. S. Sutkar, N. G. Deen, and J. A. M. Kuipers. 2015. Characterization and CFD-DEM modelling of a prismatic spouted bed. Powder Technology 270: 622–36. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.05.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamy, U. E. 2008. DEM Modeling of the Effect of HydrauClic Hysteresis on the Shear Strength of Unsaturated Granular Soils. In Geosustainability and geohazard mitigation: proceedings of sessions of geocongress 2008. New Orleans, LA/Reston, VA: Geo-Institute of The American Society of Civil Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Shaoyuan, F. 2002. Soil Water Dynamics. Available from http://wenku.baidu.com/view/92f31671168884868762d6f6.html.
   Google Scholar
• Shoop, S. A., and S. R. Bigl. 1997. Moisture migration during freeze and thaw of unsaturated soils: modeling and large scale experiments. Cold Regions Science and Technology 25 (1):33–45. doi: 10.1016/S0165-232X(96)00015-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, S. J. R., and R. J. Fairbrother. 2000. Direct observations of liquid binder–particle interactions: the role of wetting behaviour in agglomerate growth. Powder Technology 110 (1–2):44–58. doi: 10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00267-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons, S. J. R., J. P. K. Seville, and M. J. Adams. 1994. An analysis of the rupture energy of pendular liquid bridges. Chemical Engineering Science 49 (14):2331–39 doi: 10.1016/0009-2509(94)E0050-Z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, G. S., and J. N. Luthin. 1978. A model for coupled heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 15 (4):548–55. doi: 10.1139/t78-058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, H. R., and Y. He. 1995. Analysis of coupled heat, moisture and air transfer in a deformable unsaturated soil. Geotechnique 45 (4):677–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe, G. R. 1994. Modelling heat and mass transfer phenomena in bulk stored grains. Paper presented at Proceedings of the 6th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection, Wallingford, UK, April 17-23.
   Google Scholar
• Tselishchev, Y. G., and V. A. Val'tsifer. 2003. Influence of the type of contact between particles joined by a liquid bridge on the capillary cohesive forces. Colloid Journal 65 (3):385–89 doi: 10.1023/A:1024275327145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urso, M. E., C. J. Lawrence, and M. J. Adams. 1999. Pendular, funicular, and capillary bridges: Results for two dimensions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 220 (1):42–56. doi: 10.1006/jcis.1999.6512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valsamis, J. B., M. Mastrangeli, and P. Lambert. 2013. Vertical excitation of axisymmetric liquid bridges. European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 38 :47–57. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.09.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasić, M., Ž. Grbavčić, and Z. Radojević. 2014. Analysis of moisture transfer during the drying of clay tiles with particular reference to an estimation of the time-Dependent Effective diffusivity. Drying Technology 32 (7):829–40. doi: 10.1080/07373937.2013.870194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega, E. J., and J. M. Montanero. 2009. Damping of linear oscillations in axisymmetric liquid bridges. Physics of Fluids 21 (9):092101. doi: 10.1063/1.3216566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vethosodsakda, T., M. L. Free, A. Janwong, and M. S. Moats. 2013. Evaluation of liquid retention capacity measurements as a tool for estimating optimal ore agglomeration moisture content. International Journal of Mineral Processing 119 (0):58–64. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2012.12.005.
   Google Scholar
• Viduka, S. 2012. Discrete particle simulation of solid separation in a jigging device. PhD diss., Monash University, Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Viduka, S., Y. Feng, K. Hapgood, and P. Schwarz. 2013. CFD–DEM investigation of particle separations using a sinusoidal jigging profile. Advanced Powder Technology 24 (2):473–81. doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2012.11.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M. W., J. Li, S. Ge, and S. T. Li. 2013. Moisture migration tests on unsaturated expansive clays in hefei, China. Applied Clay Science 79: 30–35. doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2013.02.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T.-H., and L.-J. Su. 2010. Experimental study on moisture migration in unsaturated loess under effect of temperature. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 24 (3):77–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Z. Sun, X. Li, J. Gao, X. Lan, and Q. Dong. 2013. Simulation of flow behavior of particles in liquid–solid fluidized bed with uniform magnetic field. Powder Technology 237:314–25. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.12.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward, J. C. 1964. Turbulent flow in porous media. Journal of the Hydraulics Division 90(5):1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Whitaker, S. 1980. Heat and Mass Transfer in Granular Porous Media. In Advances in drying, ed. A. S. Mujumdar. Vol. 1. London, UK: Hemisphere Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Willett, C. D., M. J. Adams, S. A. Johnson, and J. P. K. Seville. 2000. Capillary bridges between two spherical bodies. Langmuir 16 (24):9396–405. doi: 10.1021/la000657y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willett, C. D., and J. P. K. Seville. 1998. An examination of the effects of contact angle on the properties of exact and toroidal liquid bridges. Paper presented at World Congress on Particle Technology 3, UK, July 6?9.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, C., Y. Duan, and H. Hu. 2013. Application of CFD-DEM to the study of solid exchange in a dual-leg fluidized bed. Particuology 11 (6):636–46. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2013.01.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, C., C. Luan, and X. Wang. 2013. An evaluation of solid bridge force using penetration to measure rheological properties. Powder Technology 239:175–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Y., and X. Wang. 2013. Effect of gravity on adhesion force of liquid bridge basing on surface evolver. Available from http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/201301-694. (accessed June 10, 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, F. 2012. Pattern formation in fluid injection into dense granular media. PhD diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Ziegler, G. R., B. MacMillan, and B. J. Balcom. 2003. Moisture migration in starch molding operations as observed by magnetic resonance imaging. Food Research International 36 (4):331–40. doi: 10.1016/s0963-9969(02)00224-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar