Optimization of stirred mill parameters for fine grinding of PGE bearing chromite ore

References

• Altun, O., H. Benzer, and U. Enderle. 2013. Effects of operating parameters on the efficiency of dry stirred milling. Minerals Engineering 43–44:58–66. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2012.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altun, D., A. Okay, and B. Hakan. 2019. The use of impact bed breakage procedure in model fitting of dry stirred mill. Particulate Science and Technology 2019:1–8. doi:10.1080/02726351.2019.1630874.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, L. G. 1971. A review Introduction to the mathematical description of grinding as a rate process. Powder Technology 5 (1):1–17. doi:10.1016/0032-5910.(71)80064-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin, L. G., R. R. Klimpel, and P. T. Luckie. 1984. Processing Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling. New York: SME-AIME.
   Google Scholar
• Austin, L. G., and P. T. Luckie. 1972. Methods for determination of breakage distribution parameters. Powder Technology 5 (4):215–22. doi:10.1016/0032-5910(72)80022-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigereyev, S., and G. Guryanov. 2019. New method for increase in product fineness in stirred mills. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 19 (3):768–78. doi:10.1016/j.acme.2019.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bel Fadhel, H., and C. Frances. 2001. Wet batch grinding of alumina hydrate in a stirred bead mill. Powder Technology 119 (2–3):257–68. doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00266-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celep, O., and E. Y. Yazici. 2013. Ultra fine grinding of silver plant tailings of refractory ore using vertical stirred media mill. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 23 (11):3412–20. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62882-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deniz, V. 2011. Influence of interstitial filling on breakage kinetics of gypsum in ball mill. Advanced Powder Technology 22 (4):512–7. doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2010.07.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein, B. 1948. Logarithmico-normal distribution. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 40 (12):2289–91. doi:10.1021/ie50468a014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eswaraiah, C., N. Venkat, B. K. Mishra, and R. Holmes. 2015. A comparative study on a vertical stirred mill agitator design for fine grinding. Separation Science and Technology 50: 2639–48. doi:10.1080/01496395.2015.1065888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eswaraiah, C. 2016. Grinding characteristics of coal and petroleum coke/coal blends on utilization for combustion. Particulate Science and Technology 34 (2):223–8. doi:10.1080/02726351.2015.1067849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faitli, J., K. Bohács, and G. Mucsi. 2017. Online rheological monitoring of stirred media milling. Powder Technology 308:20–9. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2016.12.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, M., and E. Forssberg. 1995. Prediction of product size distributions for a stirred ball mill. Powder Technology 84 (2):101–6. doi:10.1016/0032-5910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gers, R., E. Climent, D. Legendre, D. Anne-Archard, and C. Frances. 2010. Numerical modelling of grinding in a stirred media mill: Hydrodynamics and collision characteristics. Chemical Engineering Science 65 (6):2052–64. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2009.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan, M. M. 2016. Process modelling of gravity induced stirred mills. PhD. Thesis, The University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• Hasan, M., S. Palaniandy, M. Hilden, and M. Powell. 2017. Calculating breakage parameters of a batch vertical stirred mill. Minerals Engineering 111:229–37. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2017.06.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacıfazlıoğlu, H., and A. V. Korkmaz. 2020. Performance comparison of stirred media mill and ball (BOND) mill in bauxite grinding. Particulate Science and Technology 38 (4):404–5. doi:10.1080/02726351.2018.1547342.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, M., Y. Wang, and E. Forssberg. 2004. Slurry rheology in wet ultrafine grinding of industrial minerals: A review. Powder Technology 147 (1–3):94–112. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2004.09.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankovic, A. 2003. Variables affecting the fine grinding of minerals using stirred mills. Minerals Engineering 16 (4):337–45. doi:10.1016/S0892-6875(03)00007-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jena, M. S., J. K. Mohanty, P. Sahu, R. Venugopal, and N. R. Mandre. 2017. Characterization and pre-concentration of low grade PGE *Ores of Boula Area, Odisha using gravity concentration methods. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 70 (2):287–302. doi:10.1007/s12666-016-0998-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jena, M. S., J. K. Mohanty, R. Venugopal, and N. R. Mandre. 2016. Characterization of low grade PGE ores of Boula-Nuasahi Area, Odisha, India and implication on beneficiation. Ore Geology Reviews 72:629–40. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.08.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kime, M. B., and M. H. Moys. 2017. Binary modelling the milling of UG2 ore using a matrix approach. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 6 (2):184–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2016.10.001.
   Google Scholar
• Klimpel, R., and L. Austin. 1970. Determination of selection-for-breakage functions in the batch grinding equation by nonlinear optimization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals 9 (2):230–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwade, A. 1999. Wet comminution in stirred media mills – research and its practical application. Powder Technology 105 (1–3):14–20. doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(99)00113-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzinghy, D. B., R. Galéry, C. L. Schneider, and V. K. Alves. 2014. Scale up and simulation of VertimillTM pilot test operated with copper ore. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 3 (1):86–9. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2013.11.001.
   Google Scholar
• Mazzinghy, D. B., C. L. Schneider, V. K. Alves, and R. Galéry. 2015. Vertical agitated media mill scale-up and simulation. Minerals Engineering 73:69–76. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2014.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meghwal, M., and T. K. Goswami. 2013. Evaluation of size reduction and power requirement in ambient and cryogenically ground fenugreek powder. Advanced Powder Technology 24 (1):427–35. doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2012.09.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirmohseni, A., and S. Zavareh. 2011. Modeling and optimization of a new impact-toughened epoxy nanocomposite using response surface methodology. Journal of Polymer Research 18 (4):509–17. doi:10.1007/s10965-010-9443-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohanty, M. 2013. PGE mineralisation in Bangur, southern extension of Baula-Nuasahi Ultramafic Complex, Odisha. Journal of the Geological Society of India 81:293. doi:10.1007/s12594-013-0038-2.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison, R. D., P. W. Cleary, and M. D. Sinnott. 2009. Using DEM to compare the energy efficiency of pilot scale ball and tower mills. Minerals Engineering 22 (7–8):665–72. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2009.01.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mucsi, G. 2013. Grindability of quartz in stirred media mill. Particulate Science and Technology 31 (4):399–406. doi:10.1080/02726351.2013.767294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myer, R. H., and D. C. Montgomery. 2002. Response surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments. New York: Wiley and Sons Ltd. doi:10.2307/1270613.
   Google Scholar
• Ohenoja, K., M. Illikainen, and J. Niinimäki. 2013. Effect of operational parameters and stress energies on the particle size distribution of TiO2 pigment in stirred media milling. Powder Technology 234:91–6. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2012.09.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orumwense, O. A. 1992. The kinetics of fine grinding in an annular ball mill. Powder Technology 73 (2):101–8. doi: 10.1016/0032-5910(92)80070-D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orumwense, O. A., and E. Forssberg. 1992. Superfine and ultrafine grinding: a literature survey. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 11 (1–2):107–27. doi:10.1080/08827509208914216.
   Google Scholar
• Page, N. J., P. K. Banerji, and J. Haffty. 1985. Characterization of the Sukinda and Nausahi ultramafic complexes, Orissa, India by platinum-group element geochemistry. Precambrian Research 30 (1):27–41. doi:10.1016/0301-9268(85)90027-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pease, J. D., D. C. Curry, and M. F. Young. 2006. Designing flotation circuits for high fines recovery. Minerals Engineering 19 (6–8):831–40. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2005.09.056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilevneli, C. C., S. Kızgut, İ. Toroğlu, D. Çuhadaroğlu, and E. Yiğit. 2004. Open and closed circuit dry grinding of cement mill rejects in a pilot scale vertical stirred mill. Powder Technology 139 (2):165–74. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2003.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radziszewski, P., and J. Allen. 2014. Towards a better understanding of stirred milling technologies -estimating power consumption and energy use. 46th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Operators Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Ram Chandar, K., S. N. Deo, and A. J. Baliga. 2016. Prediction of Bond’s work index from field measurable rock properties. International Journal of Mineral Processing 157:134–44. doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2016.10.006.
   Google Scholar
• Resabal, V. J. 2016. Investigation of the breakage mechanism in high speed disk-type impeller stirred mill and its influence on the mineral liberation. Master of Engineering thesis, Sustainable Mineral Institute, The University of Queensland.
   Google Scholar
• von Rittinger, P. R. 1867. Lehrbuch der Aufbereitungs Kunde. Ernst and Korn. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Roufail, R., and B. Klein. 2010. Mineral liberation and particle breakage in stirred mills. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 49 (4):419–28. doi:10.1179/cmq.2010.49.4.419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saeidi, N., M. Noaparast, D. Azizi, S. Aslani, and A. Ramadi. 2013. A developed approach based on grinding time to determine ore comminution properties. Journal of Mining and Environment 4 (2):105–12.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, F. N., T. J. Napier-Munn, and I. K. Asomah. 2000. Rheological effects in grinding and classification. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 20 (1):123–31. doi:10.1080/08827509908962467.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, V., P. Dixit, R. Venugopal, and K. B. Venkatesh. 2019. Ore pretreatment methods for grinding: Journey and prospects. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 40 (1):1–15. doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1479697.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinnott, M., P. W. Cleary, and R. Morrison. 2006. Analysis of stirred mill performance using DEM simulation: Part 1 – media motion, energy consumption and collisional environment. Minerals Engineering 19 (15):1537–50. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2006.08.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinnott, M. D., P. W. Cleary, and R. D. Morrison. 2011. Is media shape important for grinding performance in stirred mills? Minerals Engineering 24 (2):138–51. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2010.10.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sultania, M., J. S. P. Rai, and D. Srivastava. 2011. Process modeling, optimization and analysis of esterification reaction of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)-derived epoxy resin using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185 (2–3):1198–204. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraman, O. Y., and D. Katircioglu. 2011. A study on the effect of process parameters in stirred ball mill. Advanced Powder Technology 22 (1):26–30. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2010.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraman, O. Y., and D. Katircioglu. 2011. Effect of various operating factors on wet stirred mill performance. Particulate Science and Technology 29 (3):242–52. doi:10.1080/02726351.2010.494708.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toraman, O. Y. 2013. Dry fine grinding of calcite powder by stirred mill. Particulate Science and Technology 31 (3):205–9. doi:10.1080/02726351.2012.694135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tüzün, M. A., B. K. Loveday, and A. L. Hinde. 1995. Effect of pin tip velocity, ball density and ball size on grinding kinetics in a stirred ball mill. International Journal of Mineral Processing 43 (3–4):179–91. doi:10.1016/0301-7516.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills, B. A., and Napier-Munn, T. 2006, October. Mineral processing technology: An introduction to the practical aspects of ore treatment and mineral recovery. 10.1016/B978-075064450-1/50003-5.
   Google Scholar
• Yue, J., and B. Klein. 2004. Influence of rheology on the performance of horizontal stirred mills. Minerals Engineering 17 (11–12):1169–77. doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2004.06.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, J., C. C. Harris, and P. Somasundaran. 1996. A study on grinding and energy input in stirred media mills. Powder Technology 86:171–8. doi:10.1016/0032-5910(95)03051-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar