Study on particle cluster behavior in the multistage circulating fluidized bed

References

• Chew, J. W., R. Hays, J. G. Findlay, T. M. Knowlton, S. B. Reddy Karri, R. A. Cocco, and C. M. Hrenya. 2012. Cluster characteristics of Geldart Group B particles in a pilot-scale CFB riser. I. Monodisperse systems. Chemical Engineering Science 68 (1):72–81. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2011.09.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cocco, R., F. Shaffer, R. Hays, S. B. R. Karri, and T. Knowlton. 2010. Particle clusters in and above fluidized beds. Powder Technology 203 (1):3–11. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2010.03.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eaton, J. K., and J. R. Fessler. 1994. Preferential concentration of particles by turbulence. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 20:169–209. doi:10.1016/0301-9322(94)90072-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helland, E., H. Bournot, R. Occelli, and L. Tadrist. 2007. Drag reduction and cluster formation in a circulating fluidized bed. Chemical Engineering Science 62 (1–2):148–58. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2006.08.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kersten, S. R. A., W. Prins, B. van der Drift, and W. P. M. van Swaaij. 2003. Principles of a novel multistage circulating fluidized bed reactor for biomass gasification. Chemical Engineering Science 58 (3–6):725–31. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00601-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackermeier, U., C. Rudnick, J. Werther, A. Bredebusch, and H. J. P. T. Burkhardt. 2001. Visualization of flow structures inside a circulating fluidized bed by means of laser sheet and image processing. Powder Technology 114 (1–3):71–83. doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(00)00265-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., S. Gao, and J. Li. 2005. Characterizing particle clustering behavior by PDPA measurement for dilute gas–solid flow. Chemical Engineering Journal 108 (3):193–202. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2005.01.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H. L., Q. Q. Sun, Y. R. He, Y. L. Sun, H. M. Ding, and L. Xiang. 2005. Numerical study of particle cluster flow in risers with cluster-based approach. Chemical Engineering Science 60 (23):6757–67. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manyele, S. V., J. H. Pärssinen, and J. X. Zhu. 2002. Characterizing particle aggregates in a high-density and high-flux CFB riser. Chemical Engineering Journal 88 (1–3):151–61. doi:10.1016/S1385-8947(01)00299-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan, J., F. Shaffer, B. Gopalan, J. W. Chew, C. M. Hrenya, R. Hays, S. B. R. Karri, and R. Cocco. 2013. Particle cluster dynamics during fluidization. Chemical Engineering Science 100:39–51. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2013.02.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mondal, D. N., S. Kallio, and H. Saxén. 2015. Length scales of solid clusters in a two-dimensional circulating fluidized bed of Geldart B particles. Powder Technology 269:207–18. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2014.08.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran, J. C., and L. R. Glicksman. 2003. Experimental and numerical studies on the gas flow surrounding a single cluster applied to a circulating fluidized bed. Chemical Engineering Science 58 (9):1879–86. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00684-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandey, P.,. R. Turton, P. Yue, and L. Shadle. 2004. Nonintrusive particle motion studies in the near-wall region of a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 43 (18):5582–92. doi:10.1021/ie0307737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi, M., S. Barghi, and J. Zhu. 2012. Detailed hydrodynamics of high flux gas–solid flow in a circulating turbulent fluidized bed. Chemical Engineering Journal 209:633–44. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.08.060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A. K., K. Tuzla, J. Matsen, and J. C. Chen. 2000. Parametric effects of particle size and gas velocity on cluster characteristics in fast fluidized beds. Powder Technology 111 (1-2):114–22. doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(00)00247-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong, C. H., K. Tuzla, and J. C. Chen. 1993. Identification of particle clusters in circulating fluidized beds. In Circulating fluidized bed technology IV, ed. A. A. Avidan, 615–20. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Soong, C. H., K. Tuzla, and J. C. Chen. 1995. Experimental determination of cluster size and velocity in circulating fluidized beds. In Fluidization VIII, ed. J. F. Large and C. Laguerie, 219–27. New York.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C., C. Li, X. Y. Lan, Y. Wu, and J. S. Gao. 2020. Particle clustering (mesoscale structure) of high-flux gas–solid circulating fluidized bed. Particuology 48:144–59. doi:10.1016/j.partic.2018.12.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., Z. Shen, H. Lu, L. Yu, W. Liu, and Y. Ding. 2008. Numerical predictions of flow behavior and cluster size of particles in riser with particle rotation model and cluster-based approach. Chemical Engineering Science 63:4116–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, F., G. Q. Yang, Y. Jin, and Z. Q. Yu. 1995. The characteristics of cluster in a high-density circulating fluidized-bed. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 73 (5):650–5. doi:10.1002/cjce.5450730508.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, G. P., Y. He, and W. Chen. 2018. Hydrodynamics of activated char in a novel multistage circulating fluidized bed for dry desulfurization. Chemical Engineering Journal 351:1104–14. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2018.06.177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, J., and J. X. Zhu. 2011. Visualization of particle aggregation and effects of particle properties on cluster characteristics in a CFB riser. Chemical Engineering Journal 168 (1):376–89. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.01.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, T. Y., and L. P. Leu. 2009. Multiresolution analysis on identification and dynamics of clusters in a circulating fluidized bed. AIChE Journal 55 (3):612–29. doi:10.1002/aic.11758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., and J. Zhu. 2014. A novel method based on image processing to visualize clusters in a rectangular circulating fluidized bed riser. Powder Technology 254:407–15. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, S., W. Zhong, T. Song, P. Lu, and Y. Chen. 2019. Clusters identification and meso-scale structures in a circulating fluidized bed based on image processing. Advanced Powder Technology 30 (12):3010–20. doi:10.1016/j.apt.2019.09.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X. L., Q. Geng, G. Wang, C. Y. Li, and C. H. Yang. 2014. Hydrodynamics and catalytic reaction inside a novel multi-regime riser. Chemical Engineering Journal 246:150–9. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X. L., C. H. Yang, C. Y. Li, Y. Liu, L. Wang, T. Li, and Q. Geng. 2013. Comparative study of gas–solids flow patterns inside novel multi-regime riser and conventional riser. Chemical Engineering Journal 215–216:188–201. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar