References
- Bean , Frank D. and Wood , Charles H. 1974 . “Ethnic variations in the relationship between income and fertility.” . Demography , 11 : 629 – 640 .
- Becker , Gary . 1960 . “An economic analysis of fertility.” . In Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries , Edited by: National Bureau of Economic Research . 209 – 271 . Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press .
- Blake , Judith . 1979 . “Is zero preferred? American attitudes toward childlessness in the 1970s.” . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 41 : 245 – 257 .
- Blake , Judith and del Pinal , Jorge H. 1981 . “The childlessness option: Recent American views of non‐parenthood.” . In Predicting Fertility , Edited by: Hendershot , Gerry E. and Placek , Paul J. Lexington, Mass. : Lexington Books .
- Bouvier , L. F. and Rao , S. 1975 . Socioreligious Factors in Fertility Decline , Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger .
- Crimmons‐Gardner , Eileen and Ewer , Phyllis A. 1978 . “Relative status and fertility.” . Review of Population Economics , 1 : 247 – 260 .
- Dietz , Thomas . 1979 . Factors influencing childlessness among American women , Davis : University of California . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
- Easterlin , Richard A. 1973 . “Relative economic status and the American fertility swing.” . In Family Economic Behavior , Edited by: Sheldon , E. B. 170 – 223 . Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott .
- Easterlin , Richard A. 1975 . “An economic framework for fertility analysis.” . Studies in Family Planning , 6 : 54 – 63 .
- Freedman , Ronald . 1961 . “The sociology of human fertility.” . Current Sociology , 10/11 : 35 – 121 . 1962
- Freshnock , Larry and Cutright , Phillips . 1978 . “Structural determinants of childlessness.” . Social Biology , 25 : 169 – 178 .
- Goldscheider , C. and Uhlenberg , Peter . 1959 . “Minority group status and fertility.” . American Journal of Sociology , 74 : 361 – 372 .
- Grabill , W. H. and Glick , Paul C. 1959 . “Demographic and social aspects of childlessness.” . Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly , 37 : 60 – 86 .
- Griffith , Janet . 1973 . “Social pressure on family size intentions.” . Family Planning Perspectives , 5 : 237 – 242 .
- Grindstaff , Carl F. 1976 . “Trends and incidence of childlessness by race: Indicators of black progress over three decades.” . Sociological Focus , 9 : 265 – 284 .
- Gustavus , Susan O. and Henley , James R. Jr. 1971 . “Correlates of voluntary childlessness in a select population.” . Social Biology , 18 : 277 – 284 .
- Houseknecht , Sharon K. 1978 . “Voluntary childlessness: A social psychological model.” . Alternative Lifestyles , 1 : 379 – 402 .
- _____ . “Voluntary childlessness in the 1980's: A significant increase.” . Paper presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association . Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Janowitz , Barbara . 1974 . “The effects of husband's and wife's education on childlessness.” . Kent, Ohio : Department of Economics, Kent State University . Unpublished paper
- Koch , Gary , Abemathy , James R. and Imrey , Peter B. 1975 . “On a method for studying family size preferences.” . Demography , 12 : 57 – 66 .
- Kunz , Phillip R. and Brinkerhoff , Melvin B. 1969 . “Differential childlessness by color.” . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 31 : 713 – 719 .
- Kunz , Phillip , Brinkerhoff , Melvin B. and Hudley , V. 1971 . “Relationship of income and childlessness.” . Social Biology , 20 : 139 – 142 .
- Leibenstein , Harvey . 1974 . “The economic theory of fertility: Promising path or blind alley?” . Journal of Economic Literature , 12 : 457 – 479 .
- _____ . 1975 . “The economic theory of fertility decline.” . The Quarterly Journal of Economics , 89 : 1 – 31 .
- MacDonald , Maurice M. and Rindfuss , Ronald R. 1978 . “Relative economic status and fertility.” . Review of Population Economics , 1 : 291 – 308 .
- Manski , Charles F. 1981 . “Structural models for discrete data.” . In Sociological Methodology 1981 , Edited by: Lein‐hardt , S. 58 – 109 . San Francisco : Jossey‐Bass .
- McFadden , Daniel . 1976 . “Quantal choice analysis: A survey.” . Annals of Economic and Social Measurement , 5 : 363 – 390 .
- Mincer , Jacob . 1963 . “Market prices, opportunity costs and income effects.” . In Measurement in Economics , Edited by: Christ , C. F. 67 – 82 . Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press .
- Myers , George C and Roberts , John M. 1968 . “A technique for measuring family size preferences.” . Eugenics Quarterly , 15 : 164 – 172 .
- Namboodiri , N. K. 1974 . “Which couples at given parities expect additional births?” . Demography , 11 : 45 – 56 .
- Nason , Ellen Mara and Paloma , Margaret M. 1976 . Voluntarily Childless Couples , Beverly Hills, Calif. : Sage .
- Poston , Dudley L. Jr. 1974 . “Income and childlessness in the United States.” . Social Biology , 21 : 296 – 307 .
- Ritchey , P. Neal and Stokes , C. Shannon . 1974 . “Correlates of childlessness and expectations to remain childless.” . Social Forces , 52 : 349 – 356 .
- Ryder , Norman B. and Westoff , Charles F. 1971 . Reproduction in the United States, 1965 , Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press .
- Seiver , Daniel A. 1978 . “Which couples at given parities have additional births?” . Review of Population Economics , 1 : 309 – 320 .
- Simon , Julian L. 1975 . ‘The mixed effects of income upon successive births may explain the convergence phenomenon.” . Population Studies , 29 : 109 – 122 .
- _____ . 1975b . “Puzzles and further explorations in the interrelationships of successive births with husband's income, wife's education and race.” . Demography , 12 : 259 – 274 .
- Snyder , Donald . 1978 . “Economic variables and the decision to have additional children.” . The American Economist , 22 : 12 – 16 .
- Terhune , Kenneth W. and Kaufman , Sol . 1973 . “The family size utility function.” . Demography , 10 : 599 – 618 .
- Thornton , Arlan . 1978 . “Marital dissolution, remarriage and childbearing.” . Demography , 15 : 361 – 380 .
- Turchi , Boone . 1975a . The Demand for Children , Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger .
- _____ . 1975b . “Microeconomic theory of fertility.” . Social Forces , 54 : 107 – 125 .
- Veevers , J. E. 1971a . “Childlessness and age at first marriage.” . Social Biology , 18 : 292 – 295 .
- _____ . 1971b . “Differential childlessness by color.” . Social Biology , 18 : 285 – 291 .
- _____ . 1971c . “Rural‐urban variation in the incidence of childlessness.” . Rural Sociology , 36 : 547 – 553 .
- _____ . 1972 . “The violation of fertility mores: Voluntary childlessness as deviant behavior.” . In Deviant Behavior and Societal Reaction , Edited by: Boydell , Craig , Grind‐staff , Carl and Whitehead , Paul . 571 – 592 . Toronto : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
- _____ . 1973 . “Voluntarily childless wives: An exploratory study.” . Sociology and Social Research , 57 : 356 – 366 .
- Westoff , Charles and Jones , Elise F. 1979 . “The end of ‘Catholic fertility’.” . Demography , 6 : 209 – 217 .
- Westoff , Charles F. and Ryder , Norman B. 1976 . The Contraceptive Revolution , Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press .
- Wolowyma , Jean F. 1977 . “Income and childlessness in Canada.” . Social Biology , 24 : 326 – 331 .