Suburbia under siege: Low‐income housing and racial conflict in metropolitan Kansas City, 1970–1990

References

• Andersen , Hans Thor and Engelstoft , Sten . 1992 . “Material Production and the Urban Concept.” . In Gentrification and Urban Change, vol. 2, Research in Urban Sociology , Edited by: Hutchison , Ray . vol. 2 , 273 – 95 . New York : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bahr , Howard M. and Caplow , Theodore . 1991 . “Middletown as an Urban Case Study.” . In A Case of the Case Study , Edited by: Feagin , Joe R. , Orum , Anthony and Sjoberg , Gideon . 80 – 119 . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bickford , Adam and Massey , Douglas S. 1991 . “Segregation in the Second Ghetto: Racial and Ethnic Segregation in American Public Housing, 1977.” . Social Forces , 69 (4) : 1011 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bobo , Lawrence . 1983 . “Whites’ Opposition to Busing: Symbolic Racism or Realistic Group Conflict.” . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , : 1196 – 1201 .
   Google Scholar
• Bobo , Lawrence and Kluegel , James R. 1993 . “Opposition to Race‐Targeting: Self‐interests, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes.” . American Sociological Review , 58 : 443 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonacich , Edna . 1980 . “Class Approaches to Ethnicity and Race.” . Insurgent Sociologist , : 10
   Google Scholar
• Brooks‐Gunn , Jeanne , Duncan , Greg J. , Klebanov , Pamela Kato and Sealand , Naomi . 1995 . “Do Neighborhoods Influence Child and Adolescent Development?” . American Journal of Sociology , 99 : 353 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Bundgaard , Frank . 1992 . “Space and the Analysis of Social Processes.” . In Gentrification and Social Change, vol. 2, Research in Urban Sociology , vol. 2 , 213 – 337 . JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Burstein , Paul . 1991 . ‘"Reverse Discrimination’ Cases in the Federal Courts: Legal Mobilization by a Countermovement.” . Sociological Quarterly , 32 (4) : 511 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Civil Rights Consortium . 1993 . Race and Mortgage Lending in Kansas City , Kansas City : Kansas City Civil Rights Consortium .
   Google Scholar
• Darden , Joe T. , ed. 1987 . Divided Neighborhoods. , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Darden , Joe T. , Hill , Richard Child , Thomas , June and Thomas , Richard . 1987 . Detroit: Race and Uneven Development , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Denton , Nancy A. 1994 . “Are African‐Americans Still Hypersegregated?” . In Residential Apartheid: The American Legacy , CAAS Urban Policy Series Edited by: Bullard , Robert D. , Grigsby , J. Eugene III and Lee , Charles . vol. 2 , 49 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Housing and Community Development . 1995 . Kansas City, Missouri's 1995 Consolidated Housing and Community Development Plan , A Report to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Kansas City, MO
   Google Scholar
• Department of Housing and Urban Development . 1990 . Who Benefits? Civil Rights Data on HUD Program Applicants and Beneficiaries, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity, Annual Report to Congress , Washington, DC : Government Printing Office .
   Google Scholar
• Department of Human Relations . 1989 . Report on a Survey of Housing Discrimination in Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City, MO
   Google Scholar
• Fainstein , Susan S. and Fainstein , Norman I. 1986 . “Regime Strategies, Communal Resistance, and Economic Forces.” . In Restructuring the City: The Political Economy of Urban Redevelopment , Edited by: Fainstein , Susan S. , Fainstein , Norman I. , Hill , Richard Child , Judd , Dennis R. and Smith , Michael Peter . 245 – 288 . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Feagin , Joe R. 1994 . “A House Is Not a Home: White Racism and U.S. Housing Practices.” . In Residential Apartheid: The American Legacy , CAAS Urban Policy Series Edited by: Bullard , Robert D. , Grigsby , J. Eugene III and Lee , Charles . 17 – 48 . Los Angeles : Center for African American Studies .
   Google Scholar
• Feagin , Joe R. and Vera , Hernan . 1995 . White Racism: The Basics. , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Feagin , Joe R. , Orum , Anthony M. and Sjoberg , Gideon . 1991 . “Conclusion: The Present Crisis in U.S. Sociology.” . In A Case for the Case Study , Edited by: Feagin , Joe R. , Orum , Anthony and Sjoberg , Gideon . 269 – 78 . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Firebaugh , Glenn and Davis , Kenneth E. 1988 . ‘Trends in Antiblack Prejudice, 1972–1984: Region and Cohort Effects.” . American Journal of Sociology , : 251 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Gayk , William F. 1991 . “The Taxpayers Revolt.” . In Postsuburban California: The Transformation of Orange County Since World War II , Edited by: Kling , Rob , Olin , Spencer and Poster , Mark . 281 – 300 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , Milton . 1964 . Assimilation in American Life. , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1993 . “Marxian Urban Sociology and the New Approaches to Space.” . In Urban Sociology in Transition, vol. 3, Research in Urban Sociology , vol. 3 , 209 – 30 . New York : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gottdiener , M. 1994 . The Social Production of Urban Space. , 2nd ed. , Austin : University of Texas Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hartung , John H. and Henig , Jeffrey R. 1997 . “Housing Vouchers and Certificates as a Vehicle for Deconcentrating the Poor: Evidence from the Washington, D. C., Metropolitan Area.” . Urban Affairs Review , 32 (3) : 403 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helper , Rose . 1969 . Racial Polices and Practices of Real Estate Brokers. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Henderson , A. Scott . 1995 . “A Better Home in a Nice Neighborhood: Housing, Race, and Residential Conflict.” . In Contested Terrain: Power, Politics, and Participation in Suburbia , Edited by: Silver , Marc L. and Melkonian , Martin . 83 – 94 . Westport, CT : Greenwood Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , Arnold R. 1983 . Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940–1960. , Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , Arnold R. and Mohl , Raymond A. , eds. 1993 . Urban Policy in Twentieth Century America. , New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , Kenneth T. 1985 . Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kansas and Missouri Advisory Committee to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights . 1977 . Crisis and Opportunity: Education in Greater Kansas City , Kansas City, MO : Kansas and Missouri Advisory Committee to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights .
   Google Scholar
• Katznelson , Ira . 1981 . City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States. , New York : Pantheon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Keating , Dennis W. 1994 . Suburban Racial Dilemma: Housing and Neighborhoods. , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kluegel , James R. 1990 . ‘Trends in Whites’ Explanations of the Black‐White Cap in Socioeconomic Status, 1977–1989.” . American Sociological Review , 55 : 512 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kluegel , James R. and Smith , Eliot R. 1982 . “Whites’ Beliefs About Blacks’ Opportunity.” . American Sociological Review , 47 : 518 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• _____ . 1983 . “Affirmative Action Attitudes: Effects of Self‐interest, Racial Affect, and Stratification Beliefs on Whites’ Views.” . Social Forces , 61 (3) : 797 – 824 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo , Clarence Y. H. 1982 . “Countermovements and Conservative Movements in the Contemporary U.S.” . Annual Review of Sociology , 8 : 107 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcuse , Peter . 1993 . “What's So New about Divided Cities?” . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 17 (3) : 355 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey , Douglas . 1990 . “American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.” . American Journal of Sociology , 96 : 329 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey , Douglas S. and Denton , Nancy A. 1993 . American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Massey , Douglas and Kanaiaupuni , Shawn N. 1993 . “Public Housing and the Concentration of Poverty.” . Social Science Quarterly , 71 (1) : 109 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Mid‐American Regional Council . 1993 . Metropolitan Kansas City's Urban Core: What's Occurring, Why It's Important and What We Can Do. A Report of the Urban Core Growth Strategies Committee. , Kansas City, MO : Mid‐American Regional Council .
   Google Scholar
• Molotch , Harvey Luskin . 1972 . Managed Integration: Dilemmas of Doing Good in the City , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Monti , Daniel J. 1990 . Race, Redevelopment, and the New Company Town. , Albany : State University of New York Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mottl , Tahl L. 1980 . ‘The Analysis of Countermovements.” . Social Problems , 27 (5) : 620 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagel , Joane . 1986 . “ ‘The Political Construction of Ethnicity.” . In Comparative Ethnic Relations. , 93 – 112 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1994 . “Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture.” . Social Problems , 41 (1) : 152 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• _____ . 1995 . “Resource Competition Theories of Ethnicity.” . American Behavioral Scientist , 38 : 442 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1996 . American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture. , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olzak , Susan . 1992 . The Dynamics of Ethnic Competition and Conflict. , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Omi , Michael and Winant , Howard . 1986 . Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960s to the 1980s. , New York : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Orser , W. Edward . 1994 . Blockbusting in Baltimore: The Edmondson Village Story. , Louisville : University of Kentucky Press .
   Google Scholar
• Orum , Anthony M. and Feagin , Joe R. 1991 . “A Tale of Two Cities.” . In A Case for the Case Study , Edited by: Feagin , Joe R. , Orum , Anthony and Sjoberg , Gideon . 121 – 147 . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Orum , Anthony , Feagin , Joe R. and Sjoberg , Gideon . 1991 . “Introduction: The Nature of the Case Study.” . In A Case for the Case Study , Edited by: Feagin , Joe R. , Orum , Anthony and Sjoberg , Gideon . 1 – 25 . Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Park , Robert . 1950 . Race and Culture. , Glencoe, IL : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew , T. 1977 . “Racial Change and Racial Policy.” . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 44 : 114 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Polenberg , Richard . 1981 . One Nation Divisible: Class, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States since 1938. , New York : Penguin Books .
   Google Scholar
• Quadagno , Jill . 1994 . The Color of Welfare: How Racism Undermined the War on Poverty. , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , Lillian B. 1972 . Busing and Backlash: White Against White in a California School District. , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schmidt , Charles G. and Lee , Yuk . 1978 . “Impacts of Changing Racial Composition upon Commercial Land Use Succession and Commercial Structure: A Comparative Neighborhood Analysis.” . Urban Affairs Quarterly , 13 (3) : 341 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Schuman , Howard and Bobo , Lawrence . 1988 . “Survey‐Based Experiments on White Racial Attitude Toward Residential Segregation.” . American Journal of Sociology , 94 : 273 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuman , Howard , Steel , Charlotte and Bobo , Lawrence . 1988 . Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. , Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sniderman , Paul M. and Hagen , Michael Gray . 1985 . Race and Inequality: A Study in American Values. , Chatham, NJ : Chatham House .
   Google Scholar
• Sniderman , Paul M. and Piazza , Thomas . 1993 . The Scar of Race. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Squires , Gregory D. 1993 . “The Political Economy of Housing: All the Discomforts of Home.” . In Urban Sociology in Transition, vol. 3, Research in Urban Sociology , Edited by: Hutchison , Ray . vol. 3 , 129 – 57 . New York : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Squires , Gregory D. , Bennett , Larry , McCort , Kathleen and Nyden , Philip . 1987 . Chicago: Race, Class, and the Response to Urban Decline. , Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Squires , Gregory D. and Velez , William . 1987 . “Neighborhood Racial Composition and Mortgage Lending: City and Suburban Differences.” . Journal of Urban Affairs , 9 (3) : 217 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Squires , Gregory D. , Velez , William and Taeuber , Karl E. 1991 . “Insurance Redlining, Agency Location, and the Process of Urban Disinvestment.” . Urban Affairs Quarterly, , 26 (4) : 567 – 88 .
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler , Charles B. Jr. 1971 . The Need for a Policy of Dispersal in Minority Housing in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area , Vol. II , Arthur A. Benson . X1198. Box 250. KC 250 Legal Papers. WHMC‐KC
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , David . 1993 . “Everyday Life, Spatiality, and Inner City Disinvestment in a US City.” . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 17 (4) : 578 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , William Julius . 1978 . The Declining Significance of Race. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1987 . Truly Disadvantaged. , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Winant , Howard . 1994 . Racial Conditions: Politics, Theory, Comparisons. , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
   Google Scholar
• Yinger , John . 1995 . Closed Door, Opportunity Lost: Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination. , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar