A Study of the Spawning Ecology and Early Life History Survival of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout

REFERENCES

• Al-Chokhachy , R. , Budy , P. and Schaller , H. 2005 . Understanding the significance of redd counts: a comparison between two methods for estimating the abundance of and monitoring bull trout populations . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 25 : 1505 – 1512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp , D. A. , Budy , P. E. , Allen , B. C. and Godfrey , J. M. 1994 . Timing, distribution and abundance of kokanees spawning in a Lake Tahoe tributary . Great Basin Naturalist , 54 : 130 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Behnke , R. 1992 . Native trout of western North America , Bethesda , Maryland : American Fisheries Society, Monograph 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Behnke , R. 2002 . Trout and salmon of North America , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bernard , D. R. and Israelsen , E. K. 1982 . Inter- and intrastream migration of cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) in Spawn Creek, a tributary of the Logan River, Utah . Northwest Science , 56 : 148 – 157 .
   Google Scholar
• Bjornn , T. C. and Reiser , D. W. 1991 . “ Habitat requirements of salmonids in streams ” . In Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats , Edited by: Meehan , W. R. 83 – 138 . Bethesda , Maryland : American Fisheries Society, Special Publication 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Budy , P. and Schaller , H. 2007 . Evaluating tributary restoration potential for Pacific salmon recovery . Ecological Applications , 17 : 1068 – 1086 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budy , P. , Thiede , G. P. and McHugh , P. 2007 . Quantification of the vital rates, abundance and status of a critical, endemic population of Bonneville cutthroat trout . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 27 : 593 – 604 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerven , D. R. 1973 . Overwinter mortality of trout in Temple Fork of the Logan River. Master's thesis , Logan : Utah State University .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , D. W. 1988 . Critical review of variables used to define effects of fines in redds of large salmonids . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 117 : 1 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVries , P. 1997 . Riverine salmonid egg burial depths: review of published data and implications for scour studies . Canadian Journal of Aquatics and Fisheries Science , 54 : 1685 – 1698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downs , C. C. , White , R. G. and Shepard , B. B. 1997 . Age at sexual maturity, sex ratio, fecundity, and longevity of isolated headwater populations of westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 85 – 92 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. R. and Lockwood , J. L. 2001 . Extinction in a field of bullets: a search for causes in the decline of the world's freshwater fishes . Biological Conservation , 102 : 97 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , J. , Rieman , B. and Davis , K. 2001 . Sources and magnitude of sampling error in redd counts for bull trout . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 21 : 343 – 352 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff , D. A. 1988 . “ Bonneville cutthroat trout: current status and management ” . In Status and management of interior stocks of cutthroat trout , Edited by: Gresswell , R. E. 121 – 127 . Bethesda , Maryland : American Fisheries Society, Symposium 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Fausch , K. D. 2008 . A paradox of trout invasions in North America . Biological Invasions , 10 : 685 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleener , G. G. 1951 . Life-history of the cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki Richardson, in the Logan River, Utah . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 81 : 235 – 248 .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , J. S. and Gamett , B. L. 2009 . Cattle trampling of simulated bull trout redds . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 29 : 361 – 366 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , E. S. and Budy , P. 2011 . The potential of passive stream restoration to improve ecosystem health and minimize the impact of disease on fish: a short-term assessment . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 30 : 573 – 588 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , G. S. 1973 . A simple egg box planting technique for estimating the survival of eggs deposited in stream gravel .
   Google Scholar
• Hassemer , P. F. 1993 . Redd count manual , Boise : Idaho Department of Fish and Game .
   Google Scholar
• Hickman , T. J. and Duff , D. A. 1978 . Status of cutthroat trout subspecies in the western Bonneville Basin . Great Basin Naturalist , 38 : 193 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Hickman , T. and Raleigh , R. F. 1982 . Habitat suitability index models: cutthroat trout. U.S . Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-82/10.5 ,
   Google Scholar
• Hilderbrand , R. H. 2003 . The roles of carrying capacity, immigration, and population synchrony on persistence of stream-resident cutthroat trout . Biological Conservation , 110 : 257 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homel , K. and Budy , P. 2008 . Temporal and spatial variability in the migration patterns of juvenile and subadult bull trout in northeastern Oregon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 137 : 869 – 880 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubert , W. A. and Gern , W. A. 1995 . Influence of embryonic stage on survival of cutthroat trout exposed to temperature reduction . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 57 : 326 – 328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaak , D. J. , Thurow , R. F. , Rieman , B. E. and Dunham , J. B. 2007 . Chinook salmon use of spawning patches: relative roles of habitat quality, size, and connectivity . Ecological Applications , 17 : 352 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen , A. J. , Forseth , T. and Johnson , B. O. 2003 . Latitudinal variation in growth of young brown trout Salmo trutta . Journal of Animal Ecology , 69 : 1010 – 1020 .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , M. P. and Hubert , W. A. 2004 . Spawning ecology of Finespotted Snake River cutthroat trout in spring streams of the Salt River Valley, Wyoming . North American Naturalist , 64 : 78 – 85 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julien , H. P. and Bergeron , N. E. 2006 . Effect of fine sediment infiltration on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryo survival . Hydrobiologia , 563 : 61 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keleher , C. J. and Rahel , F. J. 1996 . Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain region and potential habitat loss due to global warming: a geographic information system (GIS) approach . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 125 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershner , J. 1995 . Bonneville cutthroat trout. U.S . Forest Service General Technical Report RM-256 , : 28 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Knapp , R. A. and Vredenburg , V. T. 1996 . Spawning by California golden trout: characteristics of spawning fish, seasonal and daily timing, redd characteristics, and microhabitat preferences . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 125 : 519 – 531 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp , R. A. , Vredenburg , V. T. and Matthews , K. R. 1998 . Effects of stream channel morphology on golden trout spawning habitat and recruitment . Ecological Applications , 8 : 1104 – 1117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knight , C. A. , Orme , R. W. and Beauchamp , D. A. 1999 . Growth, survival, and migration patterns of juvenile adfluvial Bonneville cutthroat trout in tributaries of Strawberry Reservoir, Utah . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 128 : 553 – 563 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondolf , G. M. , Cada , G. F. , Sale , M. J. and Felando , R. 1991 . Distribution and stability of potential salmonid spawning gravels in steep boulder-bed streams of the eastern Sierra Nevada . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 120 : 177 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondolf , G. M. and Wolman , M. G. 1993 . The sizes of salmonid spawning gravels . Water Resources Research , 29 : 2275 – 2285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondolf , G. M. 2000 . Assessing salmonid spawning gravel quality . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 129 : 262 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisle , T. E. 1989 . Sediment transport and resulting deposition in spawning gravels, north coastal California . Water Resources Research , 25 : 1303 – 1319 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee , J. P. , McMahon , T. E. and Thurow , R. F. 1996 . Spatial variation in spawning habitat of cutthroat trout in a sediment-rick stream basin . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 125 : 768 – 779 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriman , D. 1935 . The effect of temperature on the development of the eggs and larvae of the cutthroat trout (Salmo clarkii clarkii Richardson) . Journal of Experimental Biology , 12 : 297 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• McHugh , P. , Budy , P. and Schaller , H. 2004 . A model-based assessment of the potential response of Snake River-summer Chinook salmon to habitat improvements . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 133 : 622 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhlfeld , C. C. , Taper , M. L. , Staples , D. F. and Shepard , B. B. 2006 . Observer error structure in bull trout redd counts in Montana streams: implications for inference on true redd numbers . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 643 – 654 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. L. , Platts , W. S. and Casey , O. 1987 . Evidence for variability in spawning behavior of interior cutthroat trout in response to environmental uncertainty . Great Basin Naturalist , 47 : 480 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 2005 . SAS version 9.0.1 , Cary , North Carolina : SAS Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Schmetterling , D. A. 2000 . Redd characteristics of fluvial westslope cutthroat trout in four tributaries to the Blackfoot River, Montana . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 20 : 776 – 783 .
   Google Scholar
• Seidel , S. E. 2009 . Exploring the spawning dynamics and identifying limitations to the early life-history survival of an important, endemic fish species. Master's thesis , Logan : Utah State University .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , O. R. 1941 . The spawning habits of cutthroat and eastern brook trouts . Journal of Wildlife Management , 5 : 461 – 471 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. W. and Griffith , J. S. 1994 . Survival of rainbow trout during their first winter in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 747 – 756 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stonecypher , R. W. Jr. , Hubert , W. A. and Gern , W. A. 1994 . Effect of reduced incubation temperatures on survival of trout embryos . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 56 : 180 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tappel , P. D. and Bjornn , T. C. 1983 . A new method of relating size of spawning gravel to salmonid embryo survival . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 3 : 123 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Thurow , R. T. and King , J. G. 1994 . Attributes of Yellowstone cutthroat trout redds in a tributary of the Snake River, Idaho . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 123 : 37 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) . 2010 . Real-time water data for the USA . Available: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt. (August 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Williams , J. E. , Haak , A. L. , Neville , H. M. and Colyer , W. T. 2009 . Potential consequences of climate change to persistence of cutthroat trout populations . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 29 : 533 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolman , M. G. 1954 . A method of sampling coarse river-bed material . Transactions American Geophysical Union , 3 ( 6 ) : 951 – 956 .
   Google Scholar
• Wood , J. R. and Budy , P. 2009 . The role of environmental factors in determining early survival and invasion success of exotic brown trout . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 138 : 756 – 767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young , M. K. 1991 . Selection of measures of substrate composition to estimate survival to emergence of salmonids and to detect changes in stream substrates . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 11 : 339 – 346 .
   Google Scholar