Characteristics and Spatial Segregation of Sympatric Saugers and Walleyes in the Ottawa River, Canada

REFERENCES

• Afifi, A., V. A. Clark, and S. May. 2004. Computer-aided multivariate analysis. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Ali, M. A., and M. Anctil. 1977. Retinal structure and function in the Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Sauger (S. canadense). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1467–1474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard, T. D. Jr., M. J. Hansen, and S. R. Carpenter. 2003. Development of a regional stock-recruitment model for understanding factors affecting Walleye recruitment in northern Wisconsin lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132:382–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellgraph, B. J., C. S. Guy, W. M. Gardner, and S. A. Leathe. 2008. Competition potential between Saugers and Walleye in nonnative sympatry. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137:790–800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonar, S. A., W. A. Hubert, and D. W. Willis. 2009. Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes. Taylor & Francis, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Bozek, M. A., D. A. Baccante, and N. P. Lester. 2011a. Walleye and Sauger life history. Pages 233–301 in B. A. Barton, editor. Biology, management, and culture of Walleye and Sauger. Taylor & Francis, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Bozek, M. A., T. J. Haxton, and J. A. Raabe. 2011b. Walleye and Sauger habitat. Pages 133–197 in B. A. Barton, editor. Biology, management, and culture of Walleye and Sauger. Taylor & Francis, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Carlander, K. D., and R. E. Cleary. 1949. The daily activity patterns of some freshwater fishes. American Midland Naturalist 41:447–452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipps, S. R., and B. D. S. Graeb. 2011. Feeding ecology and energetics. Pages 303–319 in B. A. Barton, editor. Biology, management, and culture of Walleye and Sauger. Taylor & Francis, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, Y., P. Radomski, and R. Moen. 1993. Assessing the interdependence of assemblages from Rainy Lake fisheries data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50:402–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colby, P. J., R. E. McNicol, and R. A. Ryder. 1979. Synopsis of biological data on Walleye Stizostedion vitreum (Mitchill 1818). FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 119.
   Google Scholar
• Collette, B. B., M. A. Ali, K. E. F. Hokanson, M. Nagiec, S. A. Smirnov, J. E. Thorpe, A. H. Weatherly, and J. Willemsen. 1977. Biology of the percids. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1890–1899.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dendy, J. S. 1948. Predicting depth distribution of fish in three TVA storage-type reservoirs. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 75:65–71.
   Google Scholar
• Doan, K. H. 1941. Relation of Sauger catch to turbidity in Lake Erie. Ohio Journal of Science XLI:449–452.
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, M. J., J. L. McNulty, and T. E. Mosindy. 2000. Identification of sex, maturity, and gonad condition of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Northwest Science and Technology, NWST FG-05, Thunder Bay.
   Google Scholar
• Ellison, A. M. 1996. An introduction to Bayesian inference for ecological research and environmental decision making. Ecological Applications 6:1036–1046.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitz, R. B., and J. A. Holbrook II. 1978. Sauger and Walleye in Norris Reservoir, Tennessee. Pages 82–88 in R. L. Kendall, editor. Selected coolwater fishes of North America. Taylor & Francis, Special Publication 11, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Galarowicz, T. L., J. A. Adams, and D. H. Wahl. 2006. The influence of prey availability on ontogenetic diet shifts of a juvenile piscivore. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63:1722–1733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graeb, B. D. S., D. W. Willis, N. Billington, R. N. Koigi, and J. A. VanDeHey. 2010. Age-structured assessment of Walleyes, Saugers, and naturally produced hybrids in three Missouri River reservoirs. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 30:887–897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ickes, B. S., A. G. Stevens, and D. L Pereira. 1999. Seasonal distribution, habitat use, and spawning locations of Walleye Stizostedion vitreum and Sauger S. canadense in Pool 4 of the upper Mississippi River, with special emphasis on winter distribution related to thermally altered environment. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Section of Fisheries Investigational Report 481.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, T. A., M. N. Gaboury, R. A. Janusz, and L. R. Janusz. 1995. Larval fish drift in the Valley River, Manitoba: influence of abiotic and biotic factors, and relationships with future year-class strengths. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:2423–2431.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, T. A., W. Lysak, and W. C. Leggett. 2012. Abundance, growth, and life history characteristics of sympatric Walleye (Sander vitreus) and Sauger (Sander canadensis) in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Journal of Great Lakes Research 38:35–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitchell, J. F., M. G. Johnson, C. K. Minns, K. H. Loftus, L. Greig, and C. H. Olver. 1977. Percid habitat: the river analogy. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1936–1940.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester, N. P., A. J. Dextrase, R. S. Kushneriuk, M. R. Rawson, and P. A. Ryan. 2004. Light and temperature: key factors affecting Walleye abundance and production. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 133:588–605.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunn, D., C. Jackson, N. Best, A. Thomas, and D. Spiegelhalter. 2013. The Bugs book: a practical introduction to Bayesian analysis. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, J., and K. Welke. 1996. Abundance and growth of young-of-year Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and Sauger (S. canadense) in Pool 10, upper Mississippi River, and at Prairie du Sac Dam, lower Wisconsin River, 1987–1994. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 11:39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maceina, M. J. 1997. Simple application of using residuals from catch-curve regressions to assess year-class strength in fish. Fisheries Research 32:115–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maceina, M. J., and P. W. Bettoli. 1998. Variation in Largemouth Bass recruitment in four mainstream impoundments of the Tennessee River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 18:998–1003.
   Google Scholar
• Mion, J. B., R. A. Stein, and E. A. Marschall. 1998. River discharge drives survival of larval Walleye. Ecological Applications 8:88–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, G. 2002. Manual of instructions: fall Walleye index netting. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Percid Community Diagnostics and Sampling Standards Working Group, Peterborough.
   Google Scholar
• Nate, N. A., M. A. Bozek, M. J. Hansen, and S. W. Hewett. 2000. Variation in Walleye abundance with lake size and recruitment source. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 20:119–126.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, W. R., and C. H. Walburg. 1977. Population dynamics of Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens), Sauger (Stizostedion canadense), and Walleye (S. vitreum vitreum) in four main stem Missouri River reservoirs. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1748–1763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterberg, D. M. 1978. Food consumption, feeding habits and growth of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and Sauger (Stizostedion canadense) in the Ottawa River near Ottawa–Hull, Canada. Doctoral dissertation. Taylor & Francis, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Pitlo, J. Jr. 2002. Effects of environmental factors on Walleye and Sauger recruitment in Pool 13, upper Mississippi River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22:1021–1031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, T. C., and M. G. Fox. 2001. Biotic influence on habitat selection by young-of-year Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the demersal stage. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:1058–1069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purchase, C. F., J. A. Hutchings, and G. E. Morgan. 2006. The biological and statistical significance of life-history invariants in Walleye (Sander vitreus). Evolutionary Ecology Research 8:295–308.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawson, M. R., and R. L. Scholl. 1978. Reestablishment of Sauger in western Lake Erie. Pages 261–265 in R. L. Kendall, editor. Selected coolwater fishes of North America. Taylor & Francis, Special Publication 11, Bethesda, Maryland.
   Google Scholar
• Ricker, W. E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 191.
   Google Scholar
• Sandstrom, S., M. Rawson, and N. Lester. 2009. Manual of instructions for broad-scale fish community monitoring using large mesh gillnets and small mesh gillnets, version 2009.2. Taylor & Francis, Peterborough.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, W. B., and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 184.
   Google Scholar
• Swenson, W. A. 1977. Food consumption of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Sauger (S. canadense) in relation to food availability and physical conditions in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota, Shagawa Lake, and western Lake Superior. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1643–1654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swenson, W. A., and L. L. Smith Jr. 1976. Influence of food competition, predation, and cannibalism on Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Sauger (S. canadense) populations in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 33:1946–1954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telmer, K. H. 1996. Biogeography and water balance of the Ottawa River basin. Doctoral dissertation. Taylor & Francis, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Venturelli, P. A., N. P. Lester, T. R. Marshall, and B. J. Shuter. 2010. Consistent patterns of maturity and density-dependent growth among populations of Walleye (Sander vitreus); application of the growing degree-day metric. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67:1057–1067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y., M. L. Jones, B. J. Shuter, and E. F. Roseman. 2009. A biophysical model of Lake Erie Walleye (Sander vitreus) explains interannual variations in recruitment. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66:114–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar