Use of Cover for Concealment Behavior by Rainbow Trout: Influences of Cover Structure and Area

References

• Armstrong, J. D., and S. W. Griffiths. 2001. Density-dependent refuge use among over-wintering wild Atlantic Salmon juveniles. Journal of Fish Biology 58:1524–1530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford, M. J., and P. S. Higgins. 2001. Habitat-, season-, and size-specific variation in diel activity patterns of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:365–374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustard, D. R., and D. W. Narver. 1975. Aspects of the winter ecology of juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32:667–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunjak, R. A. 1988. Behaviour and microhabitat of young Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during winter. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:2156–2160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finstad, A. G., S. Einum, T. Forseth, and O. Ugedal. 2007. Shelter availability affects behaviour, size-dependent and mean growth of juvenile Atlantic Salmon. Freshwater Biology 52:1710–1718.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser, N. H. C., N. B. Metcalfe, and J. E. Thorpe. 1993. Temperature-dependent switch between diurnal and nocturnal foraging in salmon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 252:133–139.
   Google Scholar
• Gregory, J. S., and J. S. Griffith. 1996a. Aggressive behaviour of underyearling Rainbow Trout in simulated winter concealment habitat. Journal of Fish Biology 49:237–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, J. S., and J. S. Griffith. 1996b. Winter concealment by subyearling Rainbow Trout: space size selection and reduced concealment under surface ice and in turbid water conditions. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:451–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gries, G., and F. Juanes. 1998. Microhabitat use by juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) sheltering during the day in summer. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76:1441–1449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, J. S., and R. W. Smith. 1993. Use of winter concealment cover by juvenile Cutthroat and Brown trout in the south fork of the Snake River, Idaho. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 13:823–830.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, S. W., J. D. Armstrong, and N. B. Metcalfe. 2003. The cost of aggregation: juvenile salmon avoid sharing winter refuges with siblings. Behavioral Ecology 14:602–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartman, G. F. 1963. Observations on behavior of juvenile Brown Trout in a stream aquarium during winter and spring. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 20:769–787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, B. C., J. L. White, R. J. Nakamoto, and S. F. Railsback. 2014. Effects of streamflow diversion on a fish population: combining empirical data and individual-based models in a site-specific evaluation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 34:247–257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillman, T. W., J. S. Griffith, and W. S. Platts. 1987. Summer and winter habitat selection by juvenile Chinook Salmon in a highly sedimented Idaho stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 116:185–195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imre, I., and D. Boisclair. 2004. Age effects on diel activity patterns of juvenile Atlantic Salmon: parr are more nocturnal than young-of-the-year. Journal of Fish Biology 64:1731–1736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koljonen, S., A. Huusko, A. Mäki-Petäys, H. Mykrä, and T. Muotka. 2012. Body mass and growth of overwintering Brown Trout in relation to stream habitat complexity. River Research and Applications 28:62–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larranaga, N., and S. O. Steingrímsson. 2015. Shelter availability alters diel activity and space use in a stream fish. Behavioral Ecology 26:578–586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, N. B., N. H. C. Fraser, and M. D. Burns. 1998. State-dependent shifts between nocturnal and diurnal activity in salmon. Proceeding of the Royal Society of London B 265:1502–1507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, N. B., N. H. C. Fraser, and M. D. Burns. 1999. Food availability and the nocturnal vs. diurnal foraging trade-off in juvenile salmon. Journal of Animal Ecology 68:371–381.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, K. A., and J. S. Gregory. 2000. Evidence of concealment behavior by adult Rainbow Trout and Brook Trout in winter. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 9:138–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, K. A., and J. S. Griffith. 1997. Effects of cobble-boulder substrate configuration on winter residency of juvenile Rainbow Trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:77–84.
   Google Scholar
• Orpwood, J. E., S. W. Griffiths, and J. D. Armstrong. 2003. Effects of body size on sympatric shelter use in over-wintering juvenile salmonids. Journal of Fish Biology 63:166–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Railsback, S. F., B. C. Harvey, J. Hayse, and K. Lagory. 2005. Tests of a theory for diel activity and habitat selection. Ecology 86:947–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Railsback, S. F., B. C. Harvey, S. K. Jackson, and R. H. Lamberson. 2009. InSTREAM: the individual-based stream trout research and environmental assessment model. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-GTR-218.
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, G. H., J. B. Grunbaum, and D. W. Lang. 2010. Seasonal variation in diel behaviour and habitat use by age 1+ steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in coast and cascade range streams in Oregon, USA. Environmental Biology of Fishes 87:101–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimmer, D. M., U. Paim, and R. L. Saunders. 1983. Autumnal habitat shift of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in a small river. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40:671–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, R. W., and J. S. Griffith. 1994. Survival of Rainbow Trout during their first winter in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:747–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdimarsson, S. K., and N. B. Metcalfe. 1998. Shelter selection in juvenile Atlantic Salmon, or why do salmon seek shelter in winter? Journal of Fish Biology 52:42–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanDyke, E. S., D. L. Scarnecchia, B. C. Jonasson, and R. W. Carmichael. 2009. Relationship of winter concealment habitat quality on pool use by juvenile spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Grande Ronde River basin, Oregon USA. Hydrobiologia 625:27–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar