‘Good men don’t elope’: Afghan migrant men’s discourses on labour migration, marriage and masculinity

References

• Ahmed, Faiz. 2017. Afghanistan Rising: Islamic Law and Statecraft between the Ottoman and British Empires. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barfield, Thomas. 2010. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barth, Fredrik. 1959. Political Leadership among Swat Pathans. London: University of London, Athlone Press.
   Google Scholar
• BBC News. 2016. “Afghan President: ‘No Sympathy for Migrants.’” Interview. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-35932120/president-ghani-no-sympathy-for-afghan-migrants.
   Google Scholar
• Beyer, Judith. 2016. The Force of Custom: Law and the Ordering of Everyday Life in Kyrgystan. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburg Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. “The Forms of Capital.” In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J. Richardson, 241–258. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
   Google Scholar
• Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. “Social Space and Symbolic Power.” Sociological Theory 7 (1): 14–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozok, Mehmet, and Nihan Bozok. 2019. “The Household, the Street and the Labour Market: Masculinities and Homosocial Solidarity Networks of Afghan Migrant Boys in a Squatter Neighbourhood in Istanbul.” NORMA 14 (2): 96–111.
   Google Scholar
• Can, Lâle. 2012. “Connecting People: A Central Asian Sufi Network in Turn-of-the-Century Istanbul.” Modern Asian Studies 46 (2): 373–401. doi:10.1017/S0026749X11000795.
   Google Scholar
• Can, Lâle. 2016. “The Protection Question: Central Asians and Extraterritoriality in the Late Ottoman Empire.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 48 (4): 679–699. doi:10.1017/S0020743816000829.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Can, Lale. 2020. Spiritual Subjects: Central Asian Pilgrims and the Ottoman Hajj at the End of Empire. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Spiritual-Subjects-Central-Pilgrims-Ottoman/dp/1503611167.
   Google Scholar
• Chiovenda, Andrea. 2018. “Shaping a ‘Different’ Masculinity: Subjectivity, Agency, and Cultural Idioms Among Afghan Pashtun Men.” In Reconceiving Muslim Men: Love and Marriage, Family and Care in Precarious Times, edited by Marcia C. Inhorn, and Nefissa Naguib, 63–84. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Cleuziou, Juliette. 2019. “Traditionalization, or the Making of a Reputation: Women, Weddings and Expenditure in Tajikistan.” Central Asian Survey 1–17. doi:10.1080/02634937.2019.1617247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crews, Robert D. 2015. “Afghan Modern: The History of a Global Nation”. http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674286092.
   Google Scholar
• Danzer, Alexander M., Barbara Dietz, Ksenia Gatskova, and Achim Schmillen. 2014. “Showing Off to the New Neighbors? Income, Socioeconomic Status and Consumption Patterns of Internal Migrants.” Journal of Comparative Economics 42: 230–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards, David B. 1996. Heroes of the Age: Moral Fault Lines on the Afghan Frontier. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fuoli, Francesca. 2017. “Colonialism and State-Building in Afghanistan: Anglo-Afghan Cooperation in the Institutionalisation of Ethnic Difference, 1869-1900.” PhD thesis, SOAS, University of London.
   Google Scholar
• Ghannam, Farha. 2013. Live and Die Like a Man: Gender Dynamics in Urban Egypt. 1st ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ghannam, Farha. 2018. “Teaching Him to Care: Labor and the Making of Working-Class Men in Urban Egypt.” In Reconceiving Muslim Men: Love and Marriage, Family and Care in Precarious Times, edited by Marcia C. Inhorn, and Nefissa Naguib, 129–144. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Giustozzi, Antonio. 2009. Empires of Mud: Wars and Warlords in Afghanistan. London: Hurst & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Green, Nile, ed. 2015. Afghan History Through Afghan Eyes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gutmann, Matthew C. 1996. The Meanings of Macho: Being a Man in Mexico City. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hakimi, Aziz, and Masooma Sa’adat. 2020. “Legal Reform or Erasure of History? The Politics of Moral Crimes in Afghanistan.” Central Asian Survey 39 (2): 255–271. doi:10.1080/02634937.2019.1707510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakimi, Aziz, and Torunn Wimpelmann. 2018. “Missing from the Picture: Men Imprisoned for ‘Moral Crimes’ in Afghanistan.” CMI Insight Number 2. Bergen/Kabul: CMI/PTRO. https://www.cmi.no/publications/6551-missing-from-the-picture.
   Google Scholar
• Hanifi, Shah Mahmoud. 2011. Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harpviken, Kristian Berg. 2009. Social Networks and Migration in Wartime Afghanistan. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, Engseng. 2017. “Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies.” The Journal of Asian Studies 76 (04): 907–928. doi:10.1017/S0021911817000900.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, Benjamin. 2008. The Making of Modern Afghanistan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Hopkins, Benjamin, and Magnus Marsden, eds. 2013. Beyond Swat: History, Society and Economy along the Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier. London: Hurst & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hussaini, Baqir. 2018. Causes and Consequences of Elopement in Daikundi. Kabul: PTRO.
   Google Scholar
• Inhorn, Marcia C., and Nefissa Naguib, eds. 2018. Reconceiving Muslim Men: Love and Marriage, Family and Care in Precarious Times. Vol. 38. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.
   Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, Deniz. 1977. “Sex Roles and Social Change: A Comparative Appraisal of Turkey’s Women.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 3 (1): 57–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, Deniz. 1988. “Bargaining with Patriarchy.” Gender and Society 2 (3): 274–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandiyoti, Deniz, and Nadira Azimova. 2004. “The Communal and the Sacred: Women’s Worlds of Ritual in Uzbekistan.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 10 (2): 327–349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavak, Sinem. 2016. “Syrian Refugees in Seasonal Agricultural Work: A Case of Adverse Incorporation in Turkey.” New Perspectives on Turkey 54: 33–53. doi:10.1017/npt.2016.7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid, Adeeb. 2014. Islam After Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia (with a New Afterword). Berkeley, CA: California University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Koroteyeva, V., and E. Makarova. 1998. “Money and Social Connections in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Uzbek City.” Central Asian Survey 17 (4): 579–596.
   Google Scholar
• Lindholm, Charles. 1982. Generosity and Jealousy: The Swat Pukhtun of Northern Pakistan. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden, Magnus. 2007a. “All-Male Sonic Gatherings, Islamic Reform, and Masculinity in Northern Pakistan.” American Ethnologist 34 (3): 473–490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden, Magnus. 2007b. “Love and Elopement in Northern Pakistan.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 13 (1): 91–108. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00415.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden, Magnus. 2016. Trading Worlds: Afghan Merchants Across Modern Frontiers. 1st ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marsden, Magnus. 2018. “Beyond Bukhara: Trade, Identity and Interregional Exchange Across Asia.” History and Anthropology 29 (sup1): S84–S100. doi:10.1080/02757206.2018.1496915.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsden, Magnus. 2019. “Manly Merchants: Commerce, Mobility and Masculinity among Afghan Traders in Eurasia.” Anthropology of the Middle East 14 (2): 55–76. doi:10.3167/ame.2019.140205.
   Google Scholar
• Mashal, Mujib. 2015. “Afghan Leaders Try to Halt Exodus, but Pleas Ring Hollow.” The New York Times, November 23, 2015, sec. World. https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/world/asia/afghan-leaders-try-to-halt-exodus-but-pleas-ring-hollow.html.
   Google Scholar
• Monsutti, Alessandro. 2007. “Migration as a Rite of Passage: Young Afghans Building Masculinity and Adulthood in Iran.” Iranian Studies 40 (2): 167–185. doi:10.1080/00210860701276183.
   Google Scholar
• Monsutti, Alessandro. 2012. War and Migration: Social Networks and Economic Strategies of the Hazaras of Afghanistan. 1st ed. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay, Dipali. 2014. Warlords, Strongman Governors, and State Building in Afghanistan. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Naguib, Nefissa. 2015. Nurturing Masculinities: Men, Food, and Family in Contemporary Egypt. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Osella, Filippo, and Caroline Osella. 2000. “Migration, Money and Masculinity in Kerala.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 6 (1): 117–133. doi:10.1111/1467-9655.t01-1-00007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pain, Adam. 2019. “Growing Out Of Poverty? Questioning Agricultural Policy in Afghanistan.” 01. AAN Briefing Paper. Afghanistan Analysts Network. https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/why-has-rural-poverty-in-afghanistan-got-worse-new-aan-paper-on-post-2001agricultural-policy/.
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, Madeleine. 2012. “Black Work, Green Money: Remittances, Ritual, and Domestic Economies in Southern Kyrgyzstan.” Slavic Review 71: 108–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapper, Nancy. 1973. “The Advent of Pashtūn Māldārs in North-Western Afghanistan.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 36 (1): 55–79.
   Google Scholar
• Tapper, Nancy. 1991. Bartered Brides: Politics, Gender and Marriage in an Afghan Tribal Society. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wimpelmann, Torunn. 2017. The Pitfalls of Protection: Gender, Violence, and Power in Afghanistan. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wimpelmann, Torunn, Aziz Hakimi, and Masooma Saadat. 2020. “‘He Should Learn That He Cannot Get a Woman for Free’: Male Elopers and Constructions of Masculinity in the Afghan Justice System.” Men and Masculinities, 1–18. doi:10.1177/1097184X20910474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar